Indaba edumile. Ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela amakhompyutha anamandla kakhulu, ngokushesha nje lapho ukusebenza kwamaphrosesa kanye namandla okugcina imithombo yezindaba kwanda, futhi umsebenzisi uyabubula ngokukhululeka - βmanje nginokwanele kukho konke, akumele ngicindezele futhi ngigcine,β bese cishe ngokushesha kuvela izidingo ezintsha, ezithatha izinsiza ezengeziwe. , isofthiwe entsha futhi "engaziphiki lutho." Inkinga yaphakade. Umjikelezo ongapheli. Nokusesha okungapheli kwezixazululo ezintsha. Isitoreji samafu, amanethiwekhi emizwa, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa - kunzima ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi yimaphi amandla amakhulu lobu buchwepheshe budinga. Kodwa masingacasuki, ngoba kunoma iyiphi inkinga, ngokushesha noma kamuva kunesixazululo.
Esinye salezi zixazululo bekuyi-NVM-express protocol, okuthe, njengoba ochwepheshe besho, iguqule ukusetshenziswa kwenkumbulo engaguquki yesimo esiqinile. Iyini i-NVMe futhi yiziphi izinzuzo eza nayo?
Ijubane lekhompyutha lincike kakhulu esivinini sokufunda idatha kumidiya kanye nesivinini sokucubungula imiyalo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza luphezulu kangakanani, yonke into ingaphazanyiswa yi-hard drive evamile, okubangela ukuthi izinhlelo zihambe kancane lapho kuvulwa noma "icabanga" lapho yenza imisebenzi emikhulu. Ingasaphathwa eyokuthi i-HDD isiwaqedile amandla ayo okwandisa amavolumu okugcinwa kolwazi ngakho-ke ayisethembisi. Futhi idrayivu yemishini yayiphelelwe yisikhathi kakhulu futhi yanciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha.
Futhi manje ama-HDD athathelwe indawo ama-SSD - amadrayivu e-solid-state, amadivaysi okugcina angewona aguquguqukayo. Amadrayivu e-SSD okuqala avele emakethe engxenyeni yesibili yawo-2000. Ngokushesha baqala ukuncintisana nama-hard drive ngokuya ngevolumu. Kodwa isikhathi eside abakwazanga ukuqaphela ngokugcwele amandla abo kanye nezinzuzo ngesivinini kanye nokufinyelela okufanayo kumaseli, ngoba i-interfaces ekhona kanye nezivumelwano zakhiwe ngokuvumelana namazinga amadala aklanyelwe ukusekela ukushayela kwe-HDD nge-SATA kanye ne-SCSI (SAS) yasendulo yasendulo. .
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ekuvuleni amandla enkumbulo engaguquki kwaba ukushintshela kumabhasi e-PCI-express. Kodwa ngaleso sikhathi izindinganiso ezintsha zezimboni zazingakathuthukiswa ngabo. Futhi ngo-2012, amakhompyutha okuqala akhululwa asebenzisa i-NVM-express protocol.
Kufanele unake ngokushesha iqiniso lokuthi i-NVMe akuyona idivayisi noma isixhumi esibonakalayo sokuxhuma. Lena iphrothokholi, noma ngokuqondile, ukucaciswa kwephrothokholi yokushintshisana kwedatha.
Ngakho-ke, inkulumo ethi "i-NVMe drive" ayilungile ngokuphelele, futhi ukuqhathanisa okufana ne-"HDD - SSD - NVMe" kuyiphutha ngokuphelele futhi kudukisa umsebenzisi osanda kujwayela isihloko. Kulungile ukuqhathanisa i-HDD ne-SSD ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-SSD exhunywe ngesixhumi esibonakalayo se-SATA (nge-AHCI protocol) kanye ne-SSD exhunywe ngebhasi le-PCI-express kusetshenziswa iphrothokholi ye-NVM-express, ngakolunye. Ukuqhathanisa ama-HDD nama-SSD cishe akusathakazelisi kunoma ubani. Wonke umuntu uyawuqonda umehluko, futhi wonke umuntu uyazi kahle izinzuzo zalokhu kwakamuva. Ukuqaphela ezinye izinzuzo (ezimangalisa kakhulu). Uma kuqhathaniswa namadrayivu aqinile, amadrayivu e-solid-state mancane ngosayizi nesisindo, athule, futhi ukungabikho ngokuphelele kwamadrayivu emishini kuwenza izikhathi eziningi amelane nomonakalo (isibonelo, lapho wehliswa) futhi avele andise impilo yawo yesevisi.
Ukuqhathanisa amandla e-SSD nebhasi elidala nephrothokholi endala kanye ne-SSD ebhasini le-PCIe elinephrothokholi ye-NVMe ngokuqinisekile kunentshisekelo enkulu futhi kuzoba usizo kuwo wonke umuntu ojwayele ukuhambisana nemikhiqizo emisha, kulabo bazothenga ikhompuyutha entsha, futhi nakulabo, ngokwesibonelo, abafuna ukusingathwa okungcono kakhulu.
I-interface ye-SATA, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, yenzelwe ama-hard drive, inhloko yawo engakwazi ukufinyelela iseli elilodwa kuphela ngesikhathi. Akumangazi ukuthi amadivayisi we-SATA anesiteshi esisodwa kuphela. Kuma-SSD, lokhu akwanele ngokudabukisayo, ngoba enye yezinzuzo zawo ukusekela imifudlana efanayo. Isilawuli se-SSD siphinde silawule ukuma kokuqala, okungenye inzuzo ebalulekile. Ibhasi le-PCI-express lihlinzeka ngokusebenza kweziteshi eziningi, futhi iphrothokholi ye-NVMe iyayibona le nzuzo. Ngenxa yalokho, idatha egcinwe kuma-SSD idluliswa ngemigqa yokulawula ehambisanayo engu-65, ngamunye ongabamba imiyalo engaphezu kwe-536 ngesikhathi esisodwa. Qhathanisa: I-SATA ne-SCSI ingasebenzisa ulayini owodwa kuphela, isekela imiyalo efika ku-65 nokufika ku-536, ngokulandelana.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxhumana okudala kudinga ukufinyelela okubili ku-RAM ukwenza umyalo ngamunye, kodwa i-NVMe iyakwazi ukwenza lokhu ngokuhamba okukodwa.
Inzuzo yesithathu ebalulekile ukusebenza ngokuphazamiseka. Iphrothokholi ye-NVMe yenzelwe izinkundla zesimanje zisebenzisa ama-multi-core processors. Ngakho-ke, kuhlanganisa ukucutshungulwa okuhambisanayo kochungechunge, kanye nendlela elungiselelwe yokusebenza ngolayini nokubamba okuphazamisayo, okuvumela amazinga aphezulu okusebenza. Ngamanye amazwi, lapho umyalo obaluleke kakhulu uvela, ukuqaliswa kwawo kuqala ngokushesha.
Ukuhlolwa okuningi okwenziwa izinhlangano nochwepheshe abahlukahlukene kufakazela ukuthi isivinini sokusebenza sama-NVMe SSD siphakeme ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezi-5 kunalapho uxhuma ama-SSD ngezindawo zokusebenzela ezindala.
Manje ake sikhulume ngokuthi ama-SSD asetshenziswe ku-PCIe nge-NVMe protocol ayatholakala kuwo wonke umuntu. Futhi akukhona nje ngezindleko. Ngokwentengo, ukuthengisa okunjalo kusaphakeme ngokuphawulekayo, nakuba izintengo zezingxenye zekhompyutha zaziwa ngokuthi ziphezulu kuphela ekuqaleni kokuthengisa futhi zivame ukwehla ngokushesha.
Sikhuluma ngezixazululo ezakhayo, mayelana nalokho okuvame ukubizwa ngolimi lochwepheshe "ifomu factor". Ngamanye amazwi, ngayiphi indlela lezi zingxenye ezikhiqizwa abakhiqizi. Njengamanje emakethe kukhona izici ezintathu zefomu.
Okokuqala Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi βi-NVMe SSDβ. Kuyikhadi lokunweba futhi lixhunywe ezindaweni ezifanayo njengekhadi levidiyo. Lokhu akufanelekile kwikhompyutha ephathekayo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqondene namakhompiyutha amaningi edeskithophu, njengoba amaningi awo ahlanganiswa kumabhodi omama ahlangene, lapho kuvame ukuba nezikhala ezimbili noma nesisodwa se-PCIe (okuvame ukuhlala ikhadi levidiyo).
Isici sefomu lesibili -U2. Ngaphandle, ifana ne-hard drive evamile, kodwa incane kakhulu ngosayizi. I-U2 ivamise ukusetshenziswa kumaseva, ngakho-ke umsebenzisi ojwayelekile mancane amathuba okuthi ayithenge.
Okwesithathu - M2. Lesi yisici sefomu esishintsha kakhulu. Isetshenziswa ngenkuthalo kumalaptop, futhi muva nje isivele isetshenziswe kwamanye amabhodi omama kuma-PC edeskithophu. Kodwa-ke, lapho uthenga i-M2 kufanele uqaphele kakhulu, ngoba ama-SATA SSD asakhiqizwa kuleli fomu.
Kodwa-ke, ukunakekelwa kuyadingeka futhi lapho kuhlolwa ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuzithengela noma yiziphi izici zefomu ezishiwo. Okokuqala, kufanele uhlole ukuthi i-laptop yakho noma i-PC motherboard inezikhala ezidingekayo. Futhi noma ngabe zikhona, ingabe ikhompuyutha yakho ineprosesa enamandla ngokwanele, ngoba iprosesa ebuthakathaka ngeke isakuvumela ukuthi uthole izinzuzo ze-SSD. Uma unakho konke lokhu futhi uvame ukusebenza ngenani elikhulu ledatha, vele, i-NVMe SSD yilokho okudingayo.
Emalungelo Wokukhangisa
- lokhu kumayelana namaseva abonakalayo avela enkampanini yethu.
Sekuyisikhathi eside sisebenzisa amadrayivu eseva asheshayo avela ku-Intel isikhathi eside; asiqedi ihadiwe, izinto zokusebenza ezinophawu kuphela nezinye izikhungo zedatha ezihamba phambili e-Russia nase-EU. Shesha uhlole π
Source: www.habr.com