Awudingi ukuba umklami we-chip ukuze uhlelele ama-FPGA, njengoba nje ungadingi ukuba umhleli we-C++ ukuze ubhale ikhodi ku-Java. Nokho, kuzo zombili izimo cishe kuyoba usizo.
Umgomo wokuthengisa kokubili ubuchwepheshe be-Java kanye ne-FPGA ukuphikisa isimangalo sakamuva. Izindaba ezimnandi zama-FPGA - kusetshenziswa izendlalelo ezifanele zokudonsa kanye nesethi yamathuluzi, eminyakeni engama-35 edlule selokhu kwasungulwa insiza enengqondo ehlelekayo, kwakha ama-algorithms nokugeleza kwedatha kwama-FPGA esikhundleni sama-CPU, ama-DSP, ama-GPU nanoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lwama-ASIC ngokwezifiso aseba khona. kuya ngokuya kuvame, kulula.
Ukufika ngesikhathi okumangalisayo kokudalwa kwazo kubonakala eqinisweni lokuthi lapho nje ama-CPU engasakwazi ukuhlala eyimojula yekhompiyutha kuphela yezikhungo zedatha ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi - ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene - ama-FPGA azuze ukusebenza kahle kwawo, enikeza isivinini, ukubambezeleka okuphansi, amandla okuxhumana. kanye nenkumbulo - amandla ekhompiyutha ahlukahlukene we-FPGA SoCs yesimanje, cishe amasistimu ekhompiyutha agcwele ngokugcwele. Kodwa-ke, ama-FPGA aphinde ahlanganiswe ngempumelelo namanye amadivaysi ezinhlelweni ezixubile, futhi, ngokubona kwethu, asanda kuqala ukuthola indawo yawo efanele kuhlelo lwekhompiyutha.
Kungakho sihlele ingqungquthela elandelayo ye-FPGA Platform eSan Jose ngoJanuwari 22. Ngokwemvelo, omunye wabahlinzeki abakhulu be-FPGA emhlabeni futhi oyiphayona kule ndawo yi-Xilinx. U-Ivo Bolsens, iphini likamongameli omkhulu kanye nesikhulu esiphezulu sezobuchwepheshe e-Xilinx, ukhulume engqungqutheleni futhi wasinika imicabango yakhe namuhla ngokuthi i-Xilinx isiza kanjani ukudala amasistimu ekhompyutha ashintshayo ezikhungo zedatha.
Kuthathe abaklami bezinhlelo nabahleli bezinhlelo isikhathi esiningi ukuze baqhamuke nesikhungo sedatha esingafani, esizoba nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamandla ekhompyutha axazulula izinkinga kukhompyutha, isitoreji kanye nenethiwekhi. Lokhu kubonakala kudingekile ngenxa yokuthi kuya ngokuya kuba nzima ukulandela uMthetho kaMoore usebenzisa amadivaysi e-CMOS ahlukahlukene. Okwamanje, ulimi lwethu luseyi-CPU-centric, futhi sisakhuluma “ngokusheshisa uhlelo lokusebenza,” okusho ukuthi ukwenza izinhlelo zisebenze kangcono kunalokho okungenziwa kuma-CPU kuphela. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izikhungo zedatha zizoba amaqoqo amandla ekhompuyutha, ukugcinwa kwedatha, namaphrothokholi ahlanganisa yonke into, futhi sizobuyela emigomeni efana nokuthi “computing” kanye “nezinhlelo zokusebenza.” I-Hybrid Computing izoba yinto evamile njengezinsiza zanamuhla zamafu ezisebenza kudeskithophu noma emishinini ebonakalayo, futhi esikhathini esithile sizomane sisebenzise igama elithi "computing" ukuchaza indlela asebenza ngayo. Ngesinye isikhathi - futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ama-FPGA azosiza ekungeniseni lesi sikhathi - sizoyibiza ngokucubungula idatha futhi.
Ukwamukela ama-FPGA ezikhungweni zedatha kuzodinga ushintsho endleleni yokucabanga. “Uma ucabanga ngezindlela zokusheshisa izicelo zanamuhla, kufanele wehlele phansi ezisekelweni zokuthi zisebenza kanjani, yiziphi izinsiza ezisetshenziswayo, lapho kusetshenziswa khona isikhathi,” kuchaza uBolsen. - Udinga ukufunda inkinga evamile ozama ukuyixazulula. Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezisebenza ezikhungweni zedatha namuhla zikala ukuze zisebenzise inani elikhulu lezinsiza. Thatha ukufunda komshini, ngokwesibonelo, okusebenzisa inani elikhulu lamanodi ekhompyutha. Kepha uma sikhuluma ngokusheshisa, akumele sicabange ngokusheshisa ikhompyutha kuphela, kodwa futhi nokusheshisa ingqalasizinda.”
Isibonelo, ohlotsheni lwemisebenzi yokufunda yomshini u-Bolsen ayifunda lapho esebenza, cishe u-50% wesikhathi usetshenziswa ukudlulisa idatha emuva naphambili phakathi kwamandla ekhompyutha ahlakaziwe, futhi ingxenye esele kuphela yesikhathi echithwa ezibalweni ngokwazo.
“Kulapho engicabanga ukuthi i-FPGA ingasiza khona, ngoba singaqinisekisa ukuthi zombili izici zezibalo nezokuxhumana zohlelo lokusebenza ziyathuthukiswa. Futhi singakwenza lokhu ezingeni lilonke lengqalasizinda, nasezingeni le-chip. Lokhu kungenye yezinzuzo ezinhle zama-FPGA, okukuvumela ukuthi udale amanethiwekhi okuxhumana ezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza. Ngokusekelwe kumaphethini ajwayelekile okunyakaza kwedatha kumthwalo we-AI, angisiboni isidingo sezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezisekelwe ekushintsheni. Ungakha inethiwekhi ngokugeleza kwedatha okukhulu. Okufanayo kuyasebenza emisebenzini yokuqeqeshwa kwenethiwekhi ye-neural - ungakha inethiwekhi ye-mesh enamasayizi wephakethe avumelana nomsebenzi othile. Kusetshenziswa i-FPGA, izivumelwano zokudluliswa kwedatha kanye nezihloko zesekethe zingakalwa ngokunembile futhi zenziwe ngendlela efanele isicelo esithile. Futhi endabeni yokufunda komshini, kuyacaca futhi ukuthi asizidingi izinombolo zamaphuzu antantayo anembe kabili, futhi singakulungisa lokho.”
Umehluko phakathi kwe-FPGA ne-CPU noma i-ASIC yangokwezifiso ukuthi lezi zakamuva zihlelwa efekthri, futhi ngemva kwalokho awusakwazi ukushintsha umqondo wakho mayelana nezinhlobo zedatha ebalwayo noma izici ezibalwayo, noma mayelana nemvelo yedatha. geleza ngomshini. Ama-FPGA akuvumela ukuthi ushintshe umqondo wakho uma izimo zokusebenza zishintsha.
Esikhathini esedlule, le nzuzo yayifika ngenani eliphansi, lapho ukuhlelwa kwe-FPGA kwakungekona okwabantu ababuthakathaka. Isidingo siwukuvula abahlanganisi be-FPGA ukuze bahlanganiswe kangcono namathuluzi abahleli bezinhlelo abawasebenzisayo ukuze babhale izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihambisana ne-CPU ku-C, C++, noma i-Python, kanye nokukhipha omunye umsebenzi emitatsheni yolwazi esheshisa izinqubo kuma-FPGA. Yilokhu okwenziwa isitaki somshini wokufunda umshini we-Vitis, ukunika amandla izinkundla ze-ML ezifana ne-Caffe ne-TensorFlow, ezinamalabhulali okusebenzisa amamodeli e-AI avamile noma ukwengeza amakhono e-FPGA emisebenzini efana nokudlulisa ikhodi ngevidiyo, ukuqashelwa kwento yevidiyo, nokuhlaziya idatha. , ukuphathwa kwengozi yezezimali nanoma iyiphi ingxenye yesithathu. -Imitapo yolwazi yeqembu.
Lo mqondo awuhlukile kakhulu kuphrojekthi ka-Nvidia ye-CUDA, eyethulwe eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, elayisha ikhompuyutha efanayo kuma-accelerator e-GPU, noma isuka ku-Toolkit ye-ROCm ye-AMD, noma esithembisweni sephrojekthi ye-Intel's OneAPI, okufanele isebenze ngama-CPU ahlukene, ama-GPU kanye ne-FPGA.
Umbuzo kuphela ukuthi wonke la mathuluzi azoxhunywa kanjani ndawonye ukuze noma yimuphi umuntu akwazi ukuhlela isethi yamandla ekhompyutha ngokubona kwakhe. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba ama-FPGA abe yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunanoma yimaphi ama-CPU atholakalayo. Akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezithuthuke kakhulu kanye nobuchwepheshe besimanje bokupakisha ama-chip. Futhi bazothola i-niche yabo, njengoba singasakwazi ukuchitha isikhathi, imali, amandla nobuhlakani - zonke lezi ziyizinsiza ezibiza kakhulu.
"Ama-FPGA ahlinzeka ngezinzuzo zobuchwepheshe," kusho uBolsen. - Futhi lokhu akukhona nje ukukhangisa okuvamile mayelana nokuvumelana nezimo nokuhleleka kabusha. Kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile - ukufunda ngomshini, ukuhlaziywa kwegrafu, ukuhweba ngesivinini esikhulu, njll. - banekhono lokuzivumelanisa nomsebenzi othize hhayi kuphela indlela yokusabalalisa idatha, kodwa futhi nesakhiwo sememori - ukuthi idatha ihamba kanjani ngaphakathi kwe-chip. Ama-FPGA nawo anenkumbulo eningi kakhulu eyakhelwe kuwo kunamanye amadivaysi. Kufanele futhi kucatshangelwe ukuthi uma umsebenzi ungangeni ku-FPGA eyodwa, ungaweqa phakathi kwama-chips amaningi ngaphandle kokuhlangabezana nobubi obukulindile lapho ukala imisebenzi kuma-CPU amaningi noma ama-GPU.
Source: www.habr.com