I-Netplan nendlela yokuyilungisa kahle

Ubuntu uhlelo lokusebenza oluhle kakhulu, angikaze ngisebenze nalo isikhathi eside Ubuntu iseva, nokubuyekeza i-Desktop yami kusuka enguqulweni eqinile kwakungenangqondo. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini esingeside esidlule, kwadingeka ngibhekane nokukhishwa okusha sha. Ubuntu Kuseva 18.04, ngamangala kakhulu lapho ngibona ukuthi ngingemuva kakhulu kwezikhathi futhi angikwazanga ukumisa inethiwekhi yami ngoba uhlelo oludala oluhle lokumisa izixhumi zenethiwekhi ngokuhlela ifayela le-/etc/network/interfaces lwase lunyamalele. Yini eyathatha indawo yalo? Into eyesabekayo futhi, ekuqaleni, engaqondakali nhlobo—hlangana ne-"Netplan."

Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, ekuqaleni ngangingaqondi ukuthi kwakuyini isivumelwano nokuthi "kungani kwakudingeka, phela, konke kwakulula kangaka," kodwa ngemva kokuzijwayeza kancane ngaqaphela ukuthi kwakunobuhle bako. Ngakho-ke, sekwanele ukukhuluma ngamazwi, ake siqhubeke nalokho i-Netplan eyikho. Lesi yithuluzi elisha lokusetha inethiwekhi ku Ubuntu, okungenani "Angikaze ngihlangane nento efana nale kwezinye izabelo." Umehluko omkhulu nge-Netplan ukuthi ukucushwa kubhalwe ngolimi I-YAML, yebo, uzwe kahle i-YAML, onjiniyela banqume ukuhambisana nezikhathi (futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bayincoma kangakanani, ngisacabanga ukuthi ulimi olubi). Ububi obukhulu balolu limi ukuthi luzwela kakhulu ezikhaleni, ake sibheke ukucushwa sisebenzisa isibonelo.

Amafayela okumisa atholakala endleleni /etc/netplan/filename.yaml, phakathi kwebhulokhi ngayinye kufanele kube nezikhala ezingu-+2.

1) Unhlokweni ojwayelekile ubukeka kanje:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4:no

Ake sibheke esikwenzile manje:

• inethiwekhi: - lesi yisiqalo sebhulokhi yokumisa.
• umnikezeli: inethiwekhi - lapha sibonisa umphathi wenethiwekhi esizomsebenzisa, lokhu kuphakathi kwenethiwekhi noma i-NetworkManager
• inguqulo: 2 - lapha, njengoba ngikuqonda, inguqulo ye-YAML.
• ama-ethernet: - leli bhulokhi likhombisa ukuthi sizomisa umthetho olandelwayo we-ethernet.
• enps0f0: — khombisa ukuthi iyiphi i-adaptha yenethiwekhi esizoyilungisa.
• dhcp4:cha - khubaza i-DHCP v4, ku-6 v6 dhcp6 ngokulandelanayo

2) Ake sizame ukwaba amakheli e-IP:

    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4:no
      macaddress: bb:11:13:ab:ff:32
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24, 10.10.10.3/24]
      gateway4: 10.10.10.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: 8.8.8.8

Lapha sibeka iseva ye-poppy, ipv4, isango ne-dns. Qaphela ukuthi uma sidinga ikheli le-IP elingaphezu kwelilodwa, khona-ke siyawabhala ahlukaniswe ngokhefana nesikhala esiyisibopho ngemva kwalokho.

3) Kuthiwani uma sidinga ukubopha?

  bonds:
    bond0:
      dhcp4: no
      interfaces: [enp3s0f0, enp3s0f1]
      parameters: 
        mode: 802.3ad
        mii-monitor-interval: 1

• amabhondi: - ibhulokhi echaza ukuthi sizomisa ukubopha.
• bond0: - igama lesixhumi esibonakalayo esingenasizathu.
• interfaces: - iqoqo lezindawo zokusebenzelana eziqoqwe ku-bond-ding, "njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, uma kunamapharamitha ambalwa, siwachaza kubakaki abayisikwele."
• amapharamitha: — chaza ibhulokhi yezilungiselelo zepharamitha
• Imodi: — cacisa imodi okuzosebenza ngayo ukuhlanganisa.
• i-mii-monitor-interval: — setha isikhawu sokuqapha sibe yisekhondi elingu-1.

Ngaphakathi kwebhulokhi ebizwa ngebhondi, ungaphinda ulungiselele amapharamitha afana namakheli, isango4, imizila, njll.

Sengeze ukungasasebenzi kunethiwekhi yethu, manje osekusele nje ukufaka hawu futhi ukusetha kungabhekwa njengokuphelele.

vlans: 
    vlan10:
      id: 10
      link: bond0
      dhcp4: no
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24]
      gateway: 10.10.10.1
      routes:
        - to: 10.10.10.2/24
          via: 10.10.10.1
          on-link: true

• vlans: — memezela ibhulokhi yokumisa ye-vlan.
• vlan10: - igama elingenangqondo le-interface ye-vlan.
• id: - umaki we-vlan yethu.
• link: - interface lapho i-vlan izofinyeleleka ngayo.
• imizila: — memezela ibhulokhi yencazelo yomzila.
• — ku: — setha ikheli/i-subnet lapho umzila udingeka khona.
• ngokusebenzisa: — cacisa isango lapho i-subnet yethu izofinyeleleka khona.
• on-link: - sibonisa ukuthi imizila kufanele ibhaliswe njalo lapho isixhumanisi siphakanyiswa.

Naka ukuthi ngizibeka kanjani izikhala; lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ku-YAML.

Ngakho-ke sichaze i-interfaces yenethiwekhi, sakha ukubopha, futhi saze sangeza ama-vlan. Masisebenzise ukulungiselelwa kwethu, umyalo we-netplan application uzohlola ukulungiselelwa kwethu amaphutha futhi sikusebenzise uma kuphumelele. Okulandelayo, ukulungiselelwa kuzophakanyiswa ngokwako uma uhlelo luqalwa kabusha.

Ngemva kokuqoqa wonke amabhlogo wekhodi wangaphambilini, yilokhu esikutholile:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4: no
    ensp3s0f1:
      dhcp4: no
  bonds:
    bond0:
      dhcp4: no
      interfaces: [enp3s0f0, enp3s0f1]
      parameters: 
        mode: 802.3ad
        mii-monitor-interval: 1
  vlan10:
      id: 10
      link: bond0
      dhcp4: no
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24]
      routes:
        - to: 10.10.10.2/24
          via: 10.10.10.1
          on-link: true
  vlan20:
    id: 20
    link: bond0
    dhcp4: no
    addresses: [10.10.11.2/24]
    gateway: 10.10.11.1
    nameserver:
      addresses: [8.8.8.8]
    

Manje inethiwekhi yethu isilungele ukusebenza, yonke into yavela ingesabi njengoba yayibonakala ekuqaleni futhi ikhodi yaba yinhle kakhulu futhi ifundeka. I-PC siyabonga nge-netplan kukhona imanuwali enhle kakhulu kusixhumanisi https://netplan.io/.

Source: www.habr.com