Sonke sijwayele ukunikezwa okunjalo ku-smartphone njenge-NFC. Futhi konke kubonakala kucacile ngalokhu.
Abaningi abawathengi ama-smartphones angenayo i-NFC, becabanga ukuthi lokhu kumayelana nokuthenga kuphela. Kodwa kunemibuzo eminingi.
Kodwa bewazi yini enye lobu buchwepheshe obungayenza? Yini okufanele uyenze uma i-smartphone yakho ingenayo i-NFC? Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-chip ku-iPhone hhayi i-Apple Pay kuphela? Kungani ingasebenzi, ikakhulukazi ngamakhadi oMhlaba?
Futhi ungashaja amadivaysi ngayo ...
Namuhla sizokutshela ukuthi isebenza kanjani futhi sihlaziye yonke imininingwane. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - kungani lobu ubuchwepheshe obubukelwa phansi kakhulu ku-smartphone yakho!
Isebenza kanjani i-NFC?
Cishe uyazi ukuthi i-NFC imele i-Near Field Communication noma ngesi-Russian - ukuxhumana kwebanga elifushane.
Kodwa lokhu akuwona ukusakazwa kwamagagasi omsakazo okuvamile. Ngokungafani ne-Wi-Fi ne-Bluetooth, i-NFC ihlakaniphile. Isekelwe ekungenweni kwe-electromagnetic. Lena into emnandi kakhulu ohlelweni lwezifundo zesikole, ake nginikhumbuze.
Umqondo uthi thatha ikhonductor eyodwa engenawo ugesi. Bese ubeka umqhubi wesibili eduze kwayo, lapho kukhona ugesi. Futhi niyazi ukuthini? Ku-conductor wokuqala, lapho kwakungekho khona ugesi, amandla aqala ukugeleza!
Kupholile, yebo?
Lapho siqala ukuzwa ngakho, sasicabanga ukuthi akunakwenzeka! Ngokujulile? Uyashayela! Asihambe siyodlala i-Counter Strike, bafana.
Nokho, uma uletha i-smartphone kumaka we-NFC ngaphandle kwamandla, le nkambu encane kazibuthe kagesi evela ku-smartphone yanele ukuthi ama-electron asebenze ngaphakathi komaki kanye nama-microcircuits angaphakathi kuyo ukuze asebenze.
Awu yebo. Ithegi ngayinye iqukethe i-chip encane. Isibonelo, emakhadini asebhange, i-microchip isebenzisa inguqulo elula ye-Java. Kwenzenjani?
Kungenzeka ukuthi uzwile igama elithi RFID. Yasungulwa eminyakeni engu-30 ngaphambili. Imele i-Radio Frequency Identification. Futhi eqinisweni kuphela ukuhlonza futhi efanelekayo. Ezikhungweni eziningi zamahhovisi, amabheji asene-RFID.
Ngakho-ke i-NFC iyigatsha elithuthukisiwe lezinga le-RFID futhi lifunda abanye balawa mathegi. Kodwa umehluko omkhulu ukuthi i-NFC ingaphinde idlulise idatha, kuhlanganise nebethelwe.
I-NFC isebenza ngemvamisa ye-13,56 MHz, ekuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise isivinini esihle ukusuka ku-106 kuye ku-424 Kbps. Ngakho-ke ifayela le-mp3 lizolanda emizuzwini embalwa, kodwa kuphela ebangeni elingafika ku-10 cm.
Emzimbeni, i-NFC iyikhoyili encane. Isibonelo, ku-Pixel 4 inamathiselwe kukhava futhi ibukeka kanje.
Futhi ngakho ku-Xiaomi Mi 10 Pro:
Bese sekuyisikhathi sokukhuluma ngalokho i-NFC engayenza?
Ukusebenza kwalobu buchwepheshe nokunye okuhlobene, okufana ne-RFID, kuchazwe ngendlela evamile ISO 14443. Ziseziningi izinto ezinqwabelene: isibonelo, iphrothokholi yase-Italy i-Mifare ne-VME ikumakhadi asebhange.
I-NFC iwuhlobo C lwe-USB lomhlaba ongenazintambo, uma wazi ukuthi ngiqonde ukuthini.
Kodwa into esemqoka yilokhu. I-NFC ingasebenza ngezindlela ezintathu:
- Iyasebenza. Uma idivayisi ifunda noma ibhala idatha kumaki noma ekhadini. Ngendlela, yebo, idatha ingabhalwa kumathegi e-NFC.
- Dlulisa phakathi kontanga. Kulapho uxhuma ama-headphone angenantambo ku-smartphone yakho noma usebenzisa i-Android Beam - khumbula lokhu. Lapho, uxhumano lwenziwe nge-NFC, futhi ukudluliswa kwefayela ngokwako kwase kuvele nge-Bluetooth.
- Passive. Uma idivayisi yethu izenza into engenzi lutho: ikhadi lokukhokha noma iphasi lokuhamba.
Kungani i-NFC, uma kukhona i-Bluetooth ne-Wi-Fi, ngoba inakho kokubili isivinini nobubanzi obungaphezulu.
Amabhonasi e-NFC yilawa:
- Uxhumano olusheshayo - ingxenye yeshumi yomzuzwana.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi - 15 mA. I-Bluetooth ingafika ku-40 mA.
- Omaka abadingi amandla abo.
- Futhi akucaci kangako - uhla olufushane, oludingekayo ekuvikelekeni nasekukhokheni.
Kukhona ne-Bluetooth Low Energy, kodwa leyo enye indaba.
Kwani? Isinikani?
Ngaphandle kwezimo ezivele zisobala: ukudlula, ukukhokha kanye namakhadi okuhamba, kunezicelo ezingafaka imali ekhadini le-Troika namanye amakhadi okuthutha.
Kukhona isicelo - umfundi wekhadi lasebhange. Isibonelo, ingabonisa imisebenzi yakamuva ekhadini. Anginaso isiqiniseko sokuthi lokhu kuwukuziphatha kahle yini, kodwa isicelo siku-Google Play Market.
Kodwa-ke, abaningi banentshisekelo yokuthi kungani i-Google ne-Apple Pay zingasebenzi namakhadi we-Mir? Akukona mayelana nobuchwepheshe. Ukuthi nje uhlelo lokukhokha aluzange luvumelane nezinkonzo. Ungakhokha ngesicelo sakho se-Android - World Pay. Yiqiniso, i-buggy, kodwa ngaphansi kwe-iPhone ayikho nhlobo!
Ngendlela, hack. Uma i-Android yakho ingenayo i-NFC, kodwa ufuna ngempela ukukhokha, yini okufanele uyenze? Ungafaka ikhadi ngaphansi kwekesi. Oxhumana naye. Yiqiniso, amacala aminyene angase angavumeli amagagasi ngisho ne-NFC eyakhelwe ngaphakathi - ngakho hlola.
Sesivele sikhulume ngamadivayisi, kodwa kunengxenye yesibili ebalulekile - lawa amathegi e-NFC. Zimbili izinhlobo.
- Lezo ongabhala kuzo ulwazi. Zibukeka njengezitikha ezincane. Imvamisa, inani lenkumbulo elitholakalayo licishe libe ngamabhayithi angama-700. Lezi zenziwe ngabakwaSony.
Ungagcina izinto eziningi lapha, isibonelo:
- Ukufinyelela i-Wi-Fi kwezihambeli
- Bhala imininingwane yokuxhumana futhi usebenzise njengekhadi lebhizinisi
- Setha i-smartphone ukuze ulale ebusuku ku-nightstand
- Ungakwazi futhi ukulondoloza idatha ethile kuyo, isibonelo, iphasiwedi noma ithokheni evela ku-BitCoin. Okungcono kuphela ngefomu elibethelwe.
Noma iyiphi ifoni ene-NFC izofunda ilebula enjalo.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma ungenabo omaka be-NFC? Anga-oda, abiza isenti.
Kodwa ungathatha ikhadi lebhange elijwayelekile noma elokuthutha, njengeTroika. Laba omaka abangabhaleki. Isibonelo esijwayelekile yikhadi lakho lasebhange. Akukho okungabhalwa kuzo.
Kepha i-smartphone yakho ingahlelwa ukuthi yenze noma yini uma ufaka into enjalo kuyo.
Uma une-Android, ungafaka isicelo njengesibonelo noma . Bangabela cishe izenzo ezifanayo kumathegi e-NFC. Vula / vala i-Wi-Fi bese ushayela, vula izinhlelo zokusebenza, vula imodi yasebusuku. Isibonelo, ungayenza ukuze uma ubeka ifoni yakho ekhadini le-Troika, uzivule ngokuzenzakalelayo . Ngisikisela!
Ngendlela, yilokhu okuqukethwe kweTroika kubukeka.
Ungafunda futhi uqhubeke mayelana nensizwa eyafaka ithegi ye-NFC esandleni sayo.
Yini enye engasetshenziselwa i-NFC?
Enye yezinto ezithembisayo amathikithi e-electronic. Amamuvi noma amakhonsathi. Manje bakwenza ngekhodi ye-QR futhi akupholile kangako, ngombono wami. Nakuba izigidi zamaShayina zizongavumelani nami.
Mayelana ne-Apple
Kuthiwani uma une-iPhone? Wonke umuntu ucabanga ukuthi ukufinyelela kwe-NFC kukhutshaziwe ku-iPhone, kodwa akunjalo. Ukuqala nge-iOS 11, okungukuthi, kusukela ngo-2017, i-Apple ivule ukufinyelela konjiniyela. Futhi sezivele ziningi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-Android. Ngokwesibonelo, NFC Tools.
Yiqiniso, kusele imingcele: amakhadi okuthutha kanye nebhange, isibonelo, awaskeniwe. Sidinga amalebula akhethekile, esesike sakhuluma ngawo.
Okufanele ngikwenze? I-iOS 13 yethula isici se-Command (Siri). Futhi manje usekwazi ukufinyelela noma yibaphi omaka be-NFC. Ngakho-ke lapha ungasetha ukwethulwa komculo ekhadini le-Troika. Noma vula isibani esihlakaniphile. Noma inqwaba yezinye izinto. Amaqembu ayibhomu langempela. Angiqondi ukuthi kungani i-Android ingakabi nakho lokhu.
Ukushaja
Uma ngalesi sikhathi unqume ukuthi wazi konke nge-NFC futhi ukhathele yilezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ezibuthuntu. Nakhu okuthile okukukhathazayo.
Kunenhlangano ye-NFC Forum eqinisekisa i-NFC. Ngokuvamile, ubuchwepheshe obunye bunenhlangano enjalo, futhi kuhle uma buyiyodwa.
Futhi ngolunye usuku bathumele enye isibuyekezo sezinga. Futhi niyazi ukuthini? I-NFC manje isekela ukushaja okungenantambo. Yebo, eqinisweni, lena indlela yesine yokusebenza.
Ubuza kanjani? Ukungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic, uyakhumbula? Ngosizo lwakhe.
Ngendlela, ukushaja kwe-Qi kusebenza ngesimiso esifanayo. Kukhona kuphela ikhoyili enkulu.
Kodwa kukhona inkinga eyodwa. Ikhoyili ye-NFC incane, okusho ukuthi amandla okushaja mancane - i-watt eyodwa kuphela.
Kungenzeka yini ukushaja i-smartphone ngalesi sivinini? Akufanelekile ngisho nokuzama. Nokho, umsebenzi walokhu awusungulwanga.
Inhloso eyinhloko iphambene ncamashi - ukushaja i-smartphone yamanye amadivaysi. Kufana nokushaja okuhlanekezelwe ku-Galaxy namanye ama-smartphone. Isibonelo, unganika amandla ama-headphones angenantambo ngokwawo, hhayi icala lawo. Eqinisweni, sineshaja engabizi kakhulu engenantambo, ekunoma iyiphi i-smartphone futhi okulula ukuyifaka kunoma iyiphi idivayisi ehlakaniphile.
Ngendlela, i-watt engu-1 ayincane kakhulu. Uma uqhathanisa nawo wonke ama-iPhones ngaphandle kwe-11 Pro, afaka ishaja yama-5-watt. Futhi amandla okubuyisela emuva ukushaja okungenantambo kumafulegi esimanje ashintshashintsha cishe kuma-watts angu-5 noma angu-7.
Kodwa kukhona into eyodwa - lesi sici ngeke sisebenze kumamodeli amanje. Ama-Smartphones ane-chip enjalo cishe azoqala ukubonakala ngonyaka nesigamu. Ngakho-ke lindela izikhangiso zale nto ezivela ku-Samsung.
Ibhonasi yalabo abafundayo
Siyazi ukuthi uthanda ukubuyekezwa kwethu okuningiliziwe, kodwa siyaqiniseka ukuthi unombono wamavidiyo anjalo, futhi mhlawumbe neskripthi esenziwe ngomumo. Ngakho-ke, uma unombono, uyasiqonda isihloko futhi ulungele ukwenza izinto zokuhlaziya nathi - bhalela imeyili yethu entsha [i-imeyili ivikelwe]. Masenze ividiyo epholile!
Source: www.habr.com