Njengoba wazi, uma inkinga ingenzeka, izokwenzeka nakanjani. Mhlawumbe wonke umuntu uye waba nezimo lapho ifayela elibalulekile lakamuva lisulwa ngephutha, noma umbhalo ukhethwe ngephutha futhi wabhujiswa kumhleli wombhalo.
Uma ungumsingathi noma umnikazi wewebhusayithi, kungenzeka ukuthi uhlangabezane nokugetshengwa kwama-akhawunti omsebenzisi noma iwebhusayithi yakho. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukubuyisela ukulandelana kwezikhathi, ukuthola indlela yokungena kanye nokuba sengozini okusetshenziswe umhlaseli.
Isistimu yefayela ye-NILFS2 ilungele ukuxazulula izinkinga ezinjalo.
Ikhona ku-Linux kernel kusukela kunguqulo 2.6.30.
Okukhethekile kwalolu hlelo lwefayela ukuthi lufana nesistimu yokulawula inguqulo: ungakwazi njalo ukubuyisela emuva isimo sesistimu futhi ubheke ukuthi sasinjani esikhathini esidlule.
Ukuze unikeze lokhu kusebenza, awudingi ukulungisa izikripthi ze-Cron, ukuthatha izifinyezo, njll. Isistimu yefayela ye-NILFS2 yenza lokhu ngokwayo. Ayilokothi ibhale phezu kwedatha endala futhi ihlale ibhalela ezindaweni ezintsha zediski uma kunesikhala esanele sediski samahhala. Ngokuhambisana ngokugcwele nesimiso sokukopisha-on-Bhala.
Eqinisweni, noma iluphi ushintsho kufayela ludala ngokuzenzakalelayo isifinyezo esisha sesistimu yefayela, ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa le FS njengomshini wesikhathi futhi ubuyisele emuva isimo samafayela.
ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ
I-NILFS2 yathuthukiswa ekujuleni kwe , empeleni, okungaphansi kukahulumeni (unesabelo sokulawula) kanye nenkampani enkulu yezokuxhumana eJapane. Ngokuqondile, kuCyberSpace Laboratories ngaphansi kobuholi .
Ukuthi yenzelweni ngempela akwaziwa, nokho, kungacatshangwa ukuthi iFS enjalo, nokusebenza kwayo βkomshini wesikhathiβ, ilungele ukugcina idatha izinsiza zezobunhloli ezingafuna ukumba kuyo ukuze iphinde idlale sonke isithombe. I-SMS, ama-imeyili, njll....
I-NILFS2 iphinde ibe yithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu lezinkonzo zokuphepha zangaphakathi, njengoba ikuvumela ukuthi uphinde uthole zonke izinhlamvu ezisusiwe kusizindalwazi semeyili, uveze izingqinamba zabasebenzi abangase bazame ukuzifihla ngokususa noma ukushintsha amafayela abo.
Ungawulandelela kanjani wonke umlando wakho wokuxhumana?Kumaseva e-Linux (futhi yilapho i-NILFS2 kufanele ifakwe khona ngezinjongo zokuphepha zangaphakathi), indlela yefayela yokugcina ama-imeyili ivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ukugcina imilayezo ye-imeyili. Okubizwa ngefomethi . Kwanele ukubeka futhi ulungiselele ukugcinwa kwemeyili ku-Maildir. Enye ifomethi yifayela lombhalo elikhulu elingahlukaniseka kalula libe yimiyalezo ngayinye.
Uma iseva yemeyili isebenzisa isizindalwazi, i-NILFS2 izokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubuyisela isikhathi esiqondile soshintsho lwesizindalwazi kanye nekhono lokubuyisela isizindalwazi nganoma yisiphi salezi zikhathi. Futhi-ke udinga ukusebenzisa amathuluzi e-database ukuze ubone ukuthi yini eyayikuyo ngaleso sikhathi ...
Nokho, kukhona okungahambanga kahle. Kuphakathi kokuthi uhulumeni waseJapan uguqule umqondo wakhe mayelana nokuqapha wonke umuntu (isimiso se-Yarovaya), noma ukusebenza kwe-NILFS2 kuma-HDD endabuko kwavela ukuthi kungaphansi kwesilinganiso, futhi i-NILFS2 yakhululwa ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-GPL futhi yangena ngokushesha ku-Linux kernel, kusukela kwakungekho zikhalazo ezithile mayelana nekhodi ebhalwe ngesiJapane eqeqeshwe kakhulu, abathuthukisi be-Linux kernel babengenalo.
Injani i-NILFS2?
Ngokombono wokusetshenziswa: ohlelweni lokulawula inguqulo . Indawo yokuhlola ngayinye ye-FS iyisibopho esenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphandle kolwazi lomsebenzisi noma nini lapho kunoshintsho: kungaba ukususwa, ukushintsha okuqukethwe kwefayela noma ukushintsha amalungelo okufinyelela. Ukuzibophezela ngakunye kunenombolo ekhuphuka ngokomugqa.
Ngokombono womklami: ibhafa eyindilinga. Isistimu yefayela iqongelela izinguquko bese izibhala zibe yingxenyana elingana no-8 MB (2000 * 4096, lapho u-2000 kuyinani lezakhi kubhulokhi kanye no-4096 ubukhulu bekhasi lememori). I-disk yonke ihlukaniswe yaba izingcezu ezinjalo. Ukurekhoda kuqhubeka ngokulandelana. Lapho isikhala esikhululekile siphela, izifinyezo ezindala kakhulu ziyasuswa futhi izingcezu zibhalwa ngaphezulu.
Izinto eziyisisekelo ze-NILFS2
- Iyahumusha!!!
- Inqubo yokubuyisela isistimu yefayela ngemva kokwehluleka ilula: lapho ulayisha, i-chunk yokugcina ene-checksum efanele iyaseshwa, futhi i-superblock ifakwe kuyo. Lona umsebenzi ocishe uvele ngokushesha.
- Ngenxa yokuthi ukurekhoda kuhlala kuqhubeka ngokulandelana, khona-ke:
- ingabonisa imiphumela emihle lapho isebenza ku-SSD ngokubhala okungahleliwe okuhamba kancane.
- I-NILFS2 igcina insiza ye-SSD, ngoba cishe ayikho into yokuphindaphinda yokubhala.
Ngokunembayo, ayikho ngaphezu kuka-2.Iqiniso liwukuthi lapho ubhala kabusha yonke idiski ngomjikelezo, i-NILFS2 izodlulisela idatha engaguquki ezingxenyeni ezintsha (izingcezu).Uma sine-10% yedatha engaguquki kudiski, khona-ke sizothola ukwanda kokubhala okungu-10% ngokubhala kabusha oku-1 okuphelele. Hhayi-ke, ukukhuphuka okungu-50% ekugcwaleni okungu-50% kwedivayisi ngokubhala kabusha oku-1 okuphelele kwediski.
Inzuzo enkulu yokubhala ingu-2. Lokhu kuphansi kakhulu uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi yonke into ibhalwa ngokulandelana. Ngokuvamile, ukugqwayiza okubhalayo kuzoba ngaphansi kwalolo lwesistimu yefayela elihlukanisiwe elinomkhakha we-4096-byte. (Umcabango uphefumulelwe ngu ).
- Ukusebenziseka kalula okungaba khona kokuphindaphinda kusilawuli kude se-NILFS2 FS
I-NILFS2 ye/home
Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-Unix, njengomthetho, kukhona ifolda yasekhaya lapho idatha yomsebenzisi igcinwa khona. Izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zigcina izilungiselelo zazo eziqondene nomsebenzisi kule folda.
Futhi ubani, uma kungenjalo abasebenzisi, abenza amaphutha kaningi? Ngakho-ke, njengoba besho, uNkulunkulu ngokwakhe wayala ukusetshenziswa kwe-NILFS2 / ekhaya.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwama-SSD, manje akusadingeki sikhathazeke ngokudonsa kanzima lapho sisebenzisa amasistimu wefayela we-CoW.
Yebo, singakha izifinyezo ze-FS kaningi ngendlela esithanda ngayo ku-ZFS naku-BTRFS, kodwa kuhlale kunengozi yokuthi ukuguqulwa kwefayela elilahlekile kuzogcina phakathi kwezifinyezo. Futhi izithombe zisadinga ukulawulwa: ezindala zidinga ukususwa. Ku-NILFS2, konke lokhu kwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngokoqobo njalo ngemizuzwana embalwa.
Ngidale ivolumu enengqondo ngisebenzisa i-lvcreate (eqenjini levolumu ye-nvme, ichibi elincane elincane). Ngincoma ukuyidala ngevolumu ye-lvm, njengoba inganwetshwa kalula kamuva. Ngincoma ukuba ne-50% yesikhala samahhala sediski nge-NILFS2 yokujula kwenguqulo ehloniphekile.
lvcreate -V10G -T nvme/thin -n homefuthi uyifomethe ku-NILFS2:
mkfs.nilfs2 -L nvme_home /dev/nvme/home
mkfs.nilfs2 (nilfs-utils 2.1.5)
Start writing file system initial data to the device
Blocksize:4096 Device:/dev/nvme/home1 Device Size:10737418240
File system initialization succeeded !!
Ngemva kwalokhu, udinga ukukopisha yonke idatha kusuka kwamanje/ekhaya.
Ngikwenze lokhu ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvula ikhompuyutha, ngaphambi kokungena ku-akhawunti yami, njengomsebenzisi wempande. Uma bengingangena njengomsebenzisi wami, ezinye izinhlelo bezizovula amasokhethi namafayela kufolda yomsebenzisi/ikhaya/umsebenzisi, okungenza ikhophi ehlanzekile ibe nzima. Njengoba wazi, ifolda yasekhaya yomsebenzisi oyimpande ivamise ukutholakala ku-/root path, ngakho awekho amafayela azovuleka ku-partition yekhaya.
mkdir /mnt/newhome
mount -t nilfs2 /dev/nvme/home /mnt/newhome
cp -a /home/. /mnt/newhome
Ngomugqa wokugcina, niyabo .
Okulandelayo sihlela /etc/fstab, lapho isistimu yefayela ye/home ifakwe, ukuze
/dev/disk/by-label/nvme_home /home nilfs2 noatime 0 0
Inketho noatime okudingekayo ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza ukuze isikhathi singashintshi ngokufinyelela kwefayela ngakunye. Okulandelayo siqalisa kabusha.
Izinhlobo zezithombe ku-NILFS2.
Isifinyezo esivamile esingenakho ukungavikeleki ekususweni sibizwa ngokuthi indawo yokuhlola noma indawo yokutakula.
Isifinyezo esivikelwe ekususeni ngokuzenzakalelayo sibizwa ngokuthi isifinyezo, bese kuba yisithombe nje.
Ukubuka izindawo zokuhlola kwenziwa kusetshenziswa umyalo we-lscp
Buka izifinyezo lscp -s
Singazenzela izifinyezo nezindawo zokuhlola ngokwethu noma kunini sisebenzisa:
mkcp [-s] ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎSibuyisela idatha.
I-NILFS isivumela ukuthi sikhweze izifinyezo eziningi ezindala ngendlela esifuna ngayo ngokuhambisana nokusebenza negatsha elikhulu le-FS. Kodwa kuphela kwimodi yokufunda.
Konke kuhlelwe kanje. Izindawo zokuhlola ezivamile ezenziwa yi-NILFS2 zingasuswa ngokuzenzakalelayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi (lapho isikhala sediski siphela noma ngokuvumelana nemithetho ye-nilfs_cleanerd), ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokufaka kufanele siguqule indawo yokuhlola ibe yisithombe esifinyeziwe noma, ngokukhuluma isiRashiya, sithwebule isifinyezo.
chcp ss Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ_ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΏΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°Ngemva kwalokho, singakwazi ukukhweza isifinyezo, isibonelo, kanje:
mount -t nilfs2 -r -o cp=Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ_ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΏΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΠ° /dev/nvme/home /mnt/nilfs/Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ_ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΏΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°
Ngemuva kwalokho sikopisha amafayela abuyiselwe kusuka kusifinyezo siye ku/home.
Futhi ngokulandelayo sisusa ifulegi elingasuseki kusifinyezo ukuze esikhathini esizayo umqoqi kadoti ozenzakalelayo akwazi ukususa idatha ephelelwe yisikhathi:
chcp cp Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ_ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΏΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°Izinsiza ze-NILFS2
Kodwa lena inkinga. Yebo, kunjalo, singakha isistimu yefayela, sishintshe usayizi wayo ku-inthanethi, sibuke uhlu lwezindawo zokuphonselwa inselelo, sidale futhi sisuse. Iphakheji ye-nilfs2-utils inikeza isethi encane yomnumzane.
Njengoba i-NTT inciphise uxhaso lwayo, azikho izinsiza ezisheshayo zezinga eliphansi ezikuvumela ukuthi ubonise umlando wezinguquko zefayela noma wenze umehluko phakathi kwezifinyezo.
Insiza yami ye-n2u
Ukugcwalisa lesi sikhala ngabhala , engabonisa umlando wezinguquko kufayela/uhlu lwemibhalo oluthile:
n2u log filenameOkukhiphayo kufana nalokhu:
CHECKPOINT DATE TIME TYPE SIZE MODE
1787552 2019-11-24 22:08:00 first 7079 cp
1792659 2019-11-25 23:09:05 changed 7081 cpIsebenza ngokushesha endleleni yokuqalisa ekhethiwe: ibheka umehluko phakathi kwamafayela usebenzisa indlela yokuhlukanisa kabili, ikhweza ngokushesha futhi iqhathanise ifayela/uhla lwemibhalo ezifinyezweni ezahlukene.
Ungasetha ububanzi bezindawo zokuhlola usebenzisa ukhiye -cp CP1:CP2 noma -cp {YEAR-MM-DD}:{YEAR-MM-DD}.
Ungabona futhi umehluko phakathi kwezindawo zokuhlola zefayela elithile noma uhla lwemibhalo:
n2u diff -r cp1:cp2 filenameUngabonisa lonke ukulandelana kwezikhathi zezinguquko: wonke umehluko phakathi kwezindawo zokuhlola zefayela/uhlu lwemibhalo oluthile:
n2u blame [-r cp1:cp2] filenameIsikhawu sosuku kulo myalo siyasekelwa.
Isililo kubathuthukisi
Kukhona ochwepheshe abaningi ku-HabrΓ©. Sicela uqedele i-NILFS2. Yenza ukuphindaphinda, umehluko osheshayo wezinga eliphansi phakathi kwezibuyekezo, i-reflink nezinye izinto ezinhle!
izithenjwa
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Amakhosombe:
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Izincwadi zezindaba:
. I-ID yokubhaliselwe kwe-linux-nilfs.
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Siyabonga:
- Onjiniyela be-NILFS2: Ryusuke Konishi, Koji Sato, Naruhiko Kamimura, Seiji Kihara, Yoshiji Amagai, Hisashi Hifumi and Satoshi Moriai. Abanye abanikeli abakhulu yilaba: u-Andreas Rohner, u-Dan McGee, u-David Arendt, u-David Smid, i-dexen deVries, u-Dmitry Smirnov, u-Eric Sandeen, u-Jiro SEKIBA, u-Matteo Frigo, u-Hitoshi Mitake, u-Takashi Iwai, u-Vyacheslav Dubeyko.
- Ku-Amblin Entertainment kanye ne-Universal Pictures ngochungechunge oluhle lwamafilimu. . Isithombe sokuqala sokuthunyelwe sithathwe ku-movie ethi "Buyela Kwikusasa 3".
- Izinkampani ukuze uthole ukusekelwa kanye nethuba lokushicilela kubhulogi yakho ku-HabrΓ©.
PS Sicela uthumele noma yimaphi amaphutha owabona kumlayezo oyimfihlo. Ngengeza i-karma yami kulokhu.
Ungazama nge-NILFS2 ngoku-oda umshini obonakalayo kusuka nesigqebhezana esingezansi. Kuwo wonke amaklayenti amasha kunesikhathi sesivivinyo samahhala sezinsuku ezi-3.
Source: www.habr.com