Sikhuluma ngama-CPU anezisekelo eziningi avela kubakhiqizi bomhlaba.
/isithombe PD
48 amakhora
Ekupheleni kuka-2018, i-Intel I-Cascade-AP Architecture. Lawa maphrosesa azosekela ama-cores afika kwangu-48, abe nesakhiwo sama-chip amaningi kanye neziteshi eziyi-12 ze-DDR4 DRAM. Le ndlela izohlinzeka ngezinga eliphezulu lokufana, eliwusizo ekucubunguleni idatha enkulu efwini. Ukukhishwa kwemikhiqizo esuselwe ku-Cascade-AP kuhlelelwe u-2019.
kuma-48-core processors naku-IBM ne-Samsung. Bakha ama-chips ngokusekelwe ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo . Amadivayisi amasha azosekela iphrothokholi ye-OpenCAPI 4.0 kanye nebhasi le-NVLink 3.0. Eyokuqala izohlinzeka ngokuhambisana okubuyela emuva ne-POWER9, futhi eyesibili izosheshisa ukudluliswa kwedatha phakathi kwezingxenye zesistimu yekhompyutha kufika ku-20 Gbit/s. Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi i-POWER10 inobuchwepheshe obusha be-I/O nezilawuli zenkumbulo ezithuthukisiwe.
Ekuqaleni, ama-chips bekumele enziwe kwa-GlobalFoundries kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe benqubo ye-10nm, kodwa kwabe sekwenziwa ukukhetha kwavuna i-TSMC nobuchwepheshe be-7nm. Ukuthuthukiswa kuhlelwe ukuthi kuqedwe phakathi kuka-2020 no-2022. Ngo-2023, inkampani izophinde ikhiphe ama-POWER11 chips, akhiwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe benqubo ye-7nm enobuningi be-transistor obungamabhiliyoni angama-20.
Ngu , izixazululo ze-Intel ezingama-48-core zisebenza ngokushesha okuphindwe kathathu kunozakwabo be-AMD (ngama-cores angama-32). Mayelana ne-POWER10, akukho okwaziwayo mayelana nokusebenza kwayo okwamanje. Kodwa ukuthi isizukulwane esisha sabaprosesa sizothola ukusetshenziswa emkhakheni wokuhlaziya nokuhlaziya idatha enkulu.
56 amakhora
Ama-chips afanayo asanda kumenyezelwa yi-Intel - azokhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe benqubo ye-14-nm. Asekela amamojula enkumbulo ye-Optane DC asekelwe ku-3D Xpoint futhi anamapeshi obungozi be-Specter kanye ne-Foreshadow. Amadivayisi amasha eza neziteshi zememori eziyi-12 kanye nenani lokusheshisa elakhelwe ngaphakathi lokuxazulula izinkinga efwini, kanye nokusebenza ngezinhlelo ze-AI ne-ML kanye namanethiwekhi e-5G.
Imodeli ye-flagship enama-cores angu-56 izobizwa ngokuthi i-Platinum 9282. I-frequency yewashi izoba ngu-2,6 GHz, inamandla okweqa ku-3,8 GHz. I-chip ine-77MB yesilondolozi se-L3, imizila engamashumi amane ye-PCIe 3.0, kanye namandla angu-400W isokhethi ngalinye. Intengo yamaphrosesa iqala ezinkulungwaneni eziyishumi zamadola.
Abathuthukisi ukuthi i-Optane DC izonciphisa isikhathi sokuqalisa kabusha sezinhlelo zekhompyutha ukusuka emaminithini ambalwa ukuya kumasekhondi ambalwa. Futhi, i-chip entsha izokuvumela ukuthi usebenzise inombolo enkulu yemishini ebonakalayo endaweni yamafu. Iphrosesa engu-56-core kulindeleke ukuthi yehlise izindleko zokugcina i-VM eyodwa ngo-30%. Nokho, ochwepheshe ukuthi amaphrosesa amasha empeleni ayinguqulo ebuyekeziwe ye-Xeon Scalable. I-microarchitecture nejubane lewashi le-chip lihlala lifana.
/isithombe CC BY-SA
64 amakhora
Iprosesa enjalo ekupheleni konyaka odlule kwe AMD. Sikhuluma ngama-chips amaseva e-Epyc amasha angama-64 asekelwe kubuchwepheshe benqubo ye-7nm. Kufanele zethulwe kulo nyaka. Isibalo seziteshi ze-DDR4 sizoba yisishiyagalombili kuma-frequency angu-2,2 GHz, kanye no-256 MB we-L3 cache nawo azokwengezwa. Kuzoba nama-chips 128 PCI Express 4.0 imizila esikhundleni senguqulo 3.0, ezophinda kabili ukuphuma.
Kepha izakhamizi eziningi zeHacker News ukuthi ukukhula kokukhiqiza akuzuzisi ngaso sonke isikhathi kubasebenzisi abangaba khona. Ukulandela ukusheshisa kwamandla, intengo yabaprosesa nayo iyanda, enganciphisa isidingo sabathengi.
Iprosesa engu-64-core nayo yathuthukiswa ngabakwaHuawei. Ama-chip awo e-Kunpeng 920 angamaphrosesa we-ARM server. Ukukhiqiza kwenziwa yi-TSMC isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe benqubo ye-7nm. Amaseva e-TaiShan asevele afakwe amadivayisi amasha anemvamisa yewashi engu-2,6 GHz, ukusekelwa kwe-PCIe 4.0 ne-CCIX interface. Okwakamuva kuklanyelwe ukusebenza ngedatha enkulu nezinhlelo zokusebenza efwini.
Abaprosesa beHuawei sebevele bakhombise ukwenyuka kokusebenza okungu-20% ekuhlolweni ngamaseva e-TaiShan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhawulokudonsa wenkumbulo unyuke ngo-46% uma uqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo yangaphambilini yenhlangano.
Inani
Ngokuvamile, singasho ukuthi ukuncintisana emakethe ye-chip ye-server ngo-2019 kuzoba phezulu. Abakhiqizi bangeza ama-cores andayo, bahlomisa amaphrosesa ngosekelo lwamaphrothokholi amasha okudlulisa idatha, futhi bazama ukwenza imikhiqizo yenze imisebenzi eminingi. Ngenxa yalokhu, abanikazi besikhungo sedatha banamathuba amaningi okukhetha izixazululo ezifanele izinhlobo ezithile zemithwalo nemisebenzi ethile.
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Source: www.habr.com