Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka, inqubekelaphambili kubuchwepheshe bokugcina ikalwa ngokuyinhloko ngokwamandla okugcina kanye nesivinini sokufunda/sokubhala idatha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le mingcele yokuhlola iye yanezelwa ubuchwepheshe nezindlela ezenza ukushayela kwe-HDD ne-SSD kuhlakaniphe, kuguquguquke futhi kube lula ukuphatha. Njalo ngonyaka, abakhiqizi bezimoto bavame ukusikisela ukuthi imakethe enkulu yedatha izoshintsha, futhi u-2020 unjalo. Abaholi be-IT baya ngokuya befuna izindlela ezisebenzayo zokugcina nokuphatha amanani amakhulu edatha, futhi baphinde bathembisa ukushintsha indlela yokugcinwa kwezinhlelo. Kulesi sihloko, siqoqe ubuchwepheshe obuphambili kakhulu bokugcina ulwazi, futhi sizophinde sikhulume ngemibono yamadivayisi wesitoreji sesikhathi esizayo angakatholi ukuqaliswa kwawo ngokomzimba.
Amanethiwekhi Esitoreji Achazwe Ngesofthiwe
Uma kuziwa endabeni yokuzenzakalela, ukuguquguquka kanye nokwanda komthamo wokugcina okuhambisana nokusebenza kahle kwabasebenzi, bayanda amabhizinisi acabangela ukushintshela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi amanethiwekhi okulondoloza achazwe ngesofthiwe noma i-SDS (Isitoreji Esichazwe Ngesofthiwe).
Isici esibalulekile sobuchwepheshe be-SDS ukuhlukaniswa kwehadiwe kusuka kusoftware: okungukuthi, kusho . Ukwengeza, ngokungafani nesitoreji esinamathiselwe kunethiwekhi (NAS) noma izinhlelo zenethiwekhi yendawo yokulondoloza (i-SAN), i-SDS yakhelwe ukusebenza kunoma iyiphi isistimu ye-x86 evamile. Imvamisa, inhloso yokuphakela i-SDS ukuthuthukisa izindleko zokusebenza (OpEx) kuyilapho kudinga umzamo omncane wokuphatha.
Umthamo wamadrayivu e-HDD uzokhuphuka ufike ku-32 TB
Imishini yokugcina kazibuthe yendabuko ayifile nhlobo, kodwa ihlangabezana nokuvuselelwa kobuchwepheshe. Ama-HDD esimanje asengakwazi kakade ukunikeza abasebenzisi kufikela ku-16 TB yokugcina idatha. Eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo, lo mthamo uzophindeka kabili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amadrayivu e-hard disk azoqhubeka abe isitoreji sokufinyelela okungahleliwe esithengeka kakhulu futhi azogcina ubukhulu bawo ngentengo ngegigabhayithi yesikhala sediski iminyaka eminingi ezayo.
Ukukhushulwa kwamandla kuzosuselwa kubuchwepheshe obuvele baziwa:
- Amadrayivu e-Helium (i-helium inciphisa ukudonsa kwe-aerodynamic kanye nesiyaluyalu, ivumela amapuleti kazibuthe amaningi ukuthi afakwe kudrayivu; ukukhiqizwa kokushisa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla akukhuphuki);
- Amadrayivu e-Thermomagnetic (noma i-HAMR HDD, ukubonakala kwawo okulindeleke ngo-2021 futhi yakhelwe phezu komgomo wokuqoshwa kwedatha ye-microwave, lapho ingxenye yediski ishiswa nge-laser futhi iphinde ifakwe uzibuthe);
- I-HDD esekelwe ekurekhodweni okunamathayela (noma amadrayivu e-SMR, lapho amathrekhi edatha abekwa phezu kwamanye, ngefomethi enamathayela; lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuminyana okuphezulu kolwazi oluqoshiwe).
Amadrayivu e-Helium adingeka kakhulu ezikhungweni zedatha yamafu, futhi ama-SMR HDD alungele ukugcina izingobo zomlando ezinkulu namalabhulali wedatha, ukufinyelela nokubuyekeza idatha engadingeki njalo. Zibuye zilungele ukudala ama-backups.
Amadrayivu e-NVMe azoshesha kakhulu
Amadrayivu e-SSD okuqala axhunywe kumabhodi omama ngesixhumi esibonakalayo se-SATA noma se-SAS, kodwa lezi zindawo zokusebenzelana zathuthukiswa eminyakeni engaphezu kweyi-10 edlule ukuze zikwazi ukushayela kazibuthe HDD. Iphrothokholi yesimanje ye-NVMe iyiphrothokholi yokuxhumana enamandla kakhulu eyenzelwe amasistimu ahlinzeka ngesivinini esikhulu sokucubungula idatha. Ngenxa yalokho, ekuqaleni kuka-2019-2020 sibona ukwehla okukhulu kwezintengo zama-NVMe SSD, atholakala kunoma yiliphi ikilasi labasebenzisi. Esigabeni sebhizinisi, izixazululo ze-NVMe zibaluleke kakhulu yilawo mabhizinisi adinga ukuhlaziya idatha enkulu ngesikhathi sangempela.
Izinkampani ezifana ne-Kingston kanye ne-Samsung sezivele zikhombisile ukuthi yini abasebenzisi bebhizinisi abangayilindela ngo-2020: sonke silinde ama-NVMe SSD anikwe amandla i-PCIe 4.0 ukuze engeze isivinini sokucubungula idatha esikhungweni sedatha. Ukusebenza okumenyezelwe kwemikhiqizo emisha kungu-4,8 GB/s, futhi lokhu kude nomkhawulo. Izizukulwane ezilandelayo izokwazi ukuhlinzeka nge-throughput engu-7 GB/s.
Ngokuhambisana nokucaciswa kwe-NVMe-oF (noma i-NVMe over Fabrics), izinhlangano zizokwazi ukudala amanethiwekhi okugcina asebenza kahle ngokubambezeleka okuncane okuzoqhudelana kakhulu nezikhungo zedatha ye-DAS (noma i-Direct-attached). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusebenzisa i-NVMe-oF, imisebenzi ye-I/O icutshungulwa ngokuphumelelayo, kuyilapho ukubambezeleka kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ze-DAS. Abahlaziyi babikezela ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwezinhlelo ezisebenza kuphrothokholi ye-NVMe-oF kuzokhula ngokushesha ngo-2020.
Ingabe inkumbulo ye-QLC ekugcineni izosebenza?
Inkumbulo ye-Quad Level Cell (QLC) NAND flash nayo izobona ukwanda kokuthandwa emakethe. I-QLC yethulwa ngo-2019 futhi ngenxa yalokho iye yaba nokutholwa okuncane emakethe. Lokhu kuzoshintsha ngo-2020, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezinkampani ezamukele ubuchwepheshe be-LightOS Global Flash Translation Layer (GFTL) ukuze zinqobe izinselele ezikhona ze-QLC.
Ngokwezibikezelo zabahlaziyi, ukukhula kokuthengiswa kwamadrayivu e-SSD asuselwa kumaseli e-QLC kuzokhuphuka ngo-10%, kuyilapho izixazululo ze-TLC βzizothumbaβ ama-85% emakethe. Noma ngabe umuntu angathini, i-QLC SSD isemuva kakhulu ekusebenzeni uma iqhathaniswa ne-TLC SSD futhi ngeke ibe yisisekelo sezikhungo zedatha eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, izindleko zememori ye-NAND flash kulindeleke ukuthi zikhuphuke ngo-2020, ngakho-ke umthengisi wesilawuli se-SSD u-Phison, isibonelo, ukubheja ukuthi ukukhuphuka kwamanani kuzogcina kuphushe imakethe ye-SSD yabathengi kumemori engu-4-bit flash -QLC NAND. Ngendlela, i-Intel ihlela ukwethula izixazululo ze-QLC eziyi-144 (esikhundleni semikhiqizo yezendlalelo ezingama-96). Hhayi-ke... kubonakala sengathi siphokophele ukucwaswa okwengeziwe kwama-HDD.
Imemori ye-SCM: isivinini esiseduze ne-DRAM
Ukwamukelwa okusabalele kwenkumbulo ye-SCM (Inkumbulo Yekilasi Lesitoreji) sekubikezelwe iminyaka eminingana, futhi u-2020 kungaba isiqalo salezi zibikezelo ukuthi ekugcineni zigcwaliseke. Ngenkathi i-Intel Optane, i-Toshiba XL-Flash kanye ne-Samsung Z-SSD amamojula enkumbulo asevele engenile emakethe yebhizinisi, ukubukeka kwawo akuzange kubangele ukusabela okukhulu.
Idivayisi ye-Intel ihlanganisa izici ze-DRAM esheshayo kodwa engazinzile nesitoreji esinensa kodwa esiqhubekayo se-NAND. Le nhlanganisela ihlose ukuthuthukisa ikhono labasebenzisi lokusebenza ngamasethi amakhulu edatha, ihlinzeka kokubili isivinini se-DRAM nomthamo we-NAND. Inkumbulo ye-SCM ayisheshi nje kunezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ku-NAND: ishesha ngokuphindwe kashumi. I-latency ingamasekhondi amancane, hhayi ama-millisecond.
Ochwepheshe bezimakethe bayaqaphela ukuthi izikhungo zedatha ezihlela ukusebenzisa i-SCM zizokhawulwa yiqiniso lokuthi lobu buchwepheshe buzosebenza kuphela kumaseva asebenzisa ama-Intel Cascade Lake processors. Kodwa-ke, ngokubona kwabo, lokhu ngeke kube yisikhubekiso sokumisa igagasi lokuthuthukiswa kwezikhungo zedatha ezikhona ukuze kuhlinzekwe isivinini esikhulu sokucubungula.
Kusukela eqinisweni elibonakalayo kuye esikhathini esizayo esikude
Kubasebenzisi abaningi, ukugcinwa kwedatha akubandakanyi umuzwa "we-Armageddon enamandla." Kodwa cabanga ngakho: abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3,7 abasebenzisa i-inthanethi njengamanje bakhiqiza amabhayithi edatha angu-2,5 quintillion nsuku zonke. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalesi sidingo, izikhungo zedatha ezengeziwe ziyadingeka.
Ngokwezibalo, ngo-2025 umhlaba usulungele ukucubungula ama-Zetabyte angu-160 wedatha ngonyaka (lokho ngamabhayithi amaningi kunezinkanyezi ku-Universe ebonakalayo). Kungenzeka ukuthi esikhathini esizayo kuzodingeka simboze yonke imitha yesikwele yomhlaba ngezikhungo zedatha, ngaphandle kwalokho izinkampani ngeke zikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokukhula okuphezulu kangako kolwazi. Noma... kuzodingeka uyeke idatha ethile. Kodwa-ke, kunobuchwepheshe obuningi obungase buhehe obungaxazulula inkinga ekhulayo yokugcwala kolwazi.
Isakhiwo se-DNA njengesisekelo sokugcina idatha esikhathini esizayo
Akuzona kuphela izinkampani ze-IT ezifuna izindlela ezintsha zokugcina nokucubungula ulwazi, kodwa nososayensi abaningi. Umsebenzi womhlaba wonke uwukuqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kolwazi izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Abacwaningi abavela kwa-ETH Zurich, eSwitzerland, bakholelwa ukuthi ikhambi kufanele litholakale ohlelweni lokugcinwa kwedatha ephilayo ekhona kuwo wonke amangqamuzana aphilayo: i-DNA. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, lolu hlelo "lwasungulwa" kudala ngaphambi kokufika kwekhompyutha.
Imicu ye-DNA iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ihlangene futhi iminyene ngendlela emangalisayo njengabathwali bolwazi: ngokusho kososayensi, ama-Exabytes angama-455 wedatha angarekhodwa kugramu ye-DNA, lapho i-1 Ebyte ilingana namagigabhayithi ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala sekuvele kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukurekhoda i-83 KB yolwazi ku-DNA, ngemva kwalokho uthisha eMnyangweni Wezekhemikhali Nesayensi Yezinto Eziphilayo, uRobert Grass, waveza umbono wokuthi kule minyaka eyishumi entsha umkhakha wezokwelapha udinga ukuhlangana eduze kakhulu uhlaka lwe-IT lwentuthuko ehlanganyelwe emkhakheni wobuchwepheshe bokuqopha nokugcinwa kwedatha.
Ngokusho kososayensi, amadivaysi okugcina idatha ephilayo asuselwa kumaketanga e-DNA angagcina imininingwane iminyaka efinyelela kwesigidi futhi ayinikeze ngokunembile uma ecelwa kuqala. Kungenzeka ukuthi emashumini ambalwa eminyaka, amadrayivu amaningi azozabalaza ngokunembile leli thuba: ikhono lokugcina idatha ngokuthembekile nangokunamandla isikhathi eside.
Akubona abaseSwitzerland kuphela abasebenza ezinhlelweni zokugcina ezisekelwe ku-DNA. Lo mbuzo uye waphakanyiswa kusukela ngo-1953, lapho uFrancis Crick ethola i-double helix ye-DNA. Kodwa ngaleso sikhathi, isintu sasingenalo ulwazi olwanele lokuhlola okunjalo. Ukucabanga kwendabuko ekugcinweni kwe-DNA kugxile ekuhlanganiseni ama-molecule amasha e-DNA; ukufanisa ukulandelana kwamabhithi ngokulandelana kwamapheya amane esisekelo se-DNA nokudala ama-molecule anele ukumela zonke izinombolo ezidinga ukugcinwa. Ngakho-ke, ehlobo lika-2019, onjiniyela benkampani ye-CATALOG bakwazile ukuqopha i-16 GB ye-Wikipedia yolimi lwesiNgisi ku-DNA edalwe ngama-polymers okwenziwa. Inkinga iwukuthi le nqubo ihamba kancane futhi iyabiza, okuyibhodlela elibalulekile uma kuziwa ekugcinweni kwedatha.
Akuyona i-DNA yodwa...: amathuluzi okugcina amangqamuzana
Abacwaningi baseBrown University (USA) bathi i-molecule ye-DNA akuyona yodwa inketho yokugcina idatha yamangqamuzana iminyaka efinyelela kwesigidi. Ama-metabolite anesisindo esiphansi se-molecular angaphinda asebenze njengokugcinwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Uma ulwazi lubhalelwa isethi yama-metabolites, ama-molecule aqala ukusebenzisana futhi akhiqize izinhlayiya ezintsha zikagesi ezingathathi hlangothi eziqukethe idatha erekhodiwe kuzo.
Ngendlela, abacwaningi abazange bame lapho futhi bandise isethi yama-molecule ephilayo, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwandisa ukuminyana kwedatha erekhodiwe. Ukufunda ulwazi olunjalo kungenzeka ngokuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali. Okubi kuphela ukuthi ukuqaliswa kwedivayisi enjalo yokugcina izinto eziphilayo akukenzeki ekusebenzeni, ngaphandle kwezimo zaselabhorethri. Lokhu kuyintuthuko yekusasa.
Inkumbulo ye-5D ebonakalayo: uguquko ekugcineni idatha
Enye inqolobane yokuhlola ingeyabathuthukisi abavela eNyuvesi yaseSouthampton, eNgilandi. Emzamweni wokwenza uhlelo olusha lokugcina lwedijithali olungahlala izigidi zeminyaka, ososayensi benze inqubo yokurekhoda idatha kudiski elincane le-quartz elisekelwe ekurekhodweni kwe-femtosecond pulse. Isistimu yokugcina yakhelwe ukugcinwa kwengobo yomlando kanye nokugcinwa okubandayo kwedatha enkulu futhi ichazwa njengesitoreji esinezinhlangothi ezinhlanu.
Kungani i-five-dimensional? Iqiniso liwukuthi ulwazi lubhalwe ngekhodi ngezingqimba eziningana, kuhlanganise nobukhulu obuthathu obuvamile. Kulezi zilinganiso ezimbili ezengeziwe zengeziwe-usayizi nokuma kwe-nanodot. Umthamo wedatha ongarekhodwa ku-mini-drive enjalo ungafika ku-100 Petabytes, futhi impilo yokugcina iyiminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-13,8 emazingeni okushisa afika ku-190Β°C. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu idiski elingamelana nalo ngu-982 Β°C. Ngamafuphi ... kungunaphakade!
Umsebenzi weNyuvesi yaseSouthampton usanda kudonsa ukunaka kweMicrosoft, uhlelo lwalo lokugcina amafu, i-Project Silica, ihlose ukucabanga kabusha ngobuchwepheshe bamanje bokugcina. Ngokwezibikezelo "ezincane-ezithambile", ngo-2023 ngaphezu kwe-100 Zetabyte yolwazi izogcinwa emafwini, ngakho-ke ngisho nezinhlelo zokugcina ezinkulu zizobhekana nobunzima.
Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana nemikhiqizo ye-Kingston Technology, sicela uvakashele iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yenkampani.
Source: www.habr.com