Ubuchwepheshe obusha - ukuziphatha okusha. Ucwaningo ngezimo zengqondo zabantu ngobuchwepheshe nobumfihlo

Thina eqenjini lezokuxhumana leDentsu Aegis Network senza inhlolovo yaminyaka yonke yeDigital Society Index (DSI). Lolu ucwaningo lwethu lomhlaba wonke emazweni angama-22, okuhlanganisa neRussia, mayelana nomnotho wedijithali nomthelela wawo emphakathini.

Kulo nyaka, kunjalo, asikwazanga ukuziba i-COVID-19 futhi sanquma ukubheka ukuthi ubhubhane luthinte kanjani ukwenziwa kwedijithali. Ngenxa yalokho, i-DSI 2020 ikhishwe ngezingxenye ezimbili: eyokuqala inikezwe ukuthi abantu baqala kanjani ukusebenzisa futhi babone ubuchwepheshe ngokumelene nesizinda semicimbi ye-coronavirus, okwesibili ukuthi manje bahlobana kanjani nobumfihlo futhi bahlole izinga lokuba sengozini kwabo. Sabelana ngemiphumela yocwaningo lwethu kanye nezibikezelo.

prehistory

Njengomunye wabadlali abakhulu bedijithali nobuchwepheshe obuvumela imikhiqizo, iqembu leDentsu Aegis Network likholelwa ekubalulekeni kokuthuthukisa umnotho wedijithali wabo bonke abantu (isiqubulo sethu siwumnotho wedijithali wabo bonke). Ukuze kuhlolwe isimo sayo samanje mayelana nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zomphakathi, ngo-2017, ezingeni lomhlaba wonke, siqale ucwaningo lwe-Digital Society Index (DSI).

Ucwaningo lokuqala lwashicilelwa ngo-2018. Kuyo, okokuqala sahlola umnotho wedijithali (kwakunamazwe ayi-10 afundwa kanye nabaphenduli abayizinkulungwane ezingu-20 ngaleso sikhathi) ngokombono wokuthi abantu abavamile bahileleke kanjani ezinsizakalweni zedijithali futhi babe nesimo sengqondo esihle maqondana nemvelo yedijithali.

Khona-ke iRussia, ngokumangala kwabantu abaningi abavamile, yathatha indawo yesibili kule nkomba! Nakuba bekungaphansi kweziyishumi eziphezulu kweminye imingcele: i-dynamism (ukuthi umnotho wedijithali uthinta kangakanani inhlalakahle yabantu), izinga lokufinyelela kudijithali nokwethenjwa. Okunye okuthakaselekayo okutholwe ocwaningweni lokuqala ukuthi abantu abasezikhundleni zomnotho ezisathuthuka babambe iqhaza kakhulu kudijithali kunasethuthukile.

Ngo-2019, ngenxa yokunwetshwa kwesampula emazweni angama-24, iRussia yehle yafinyelela endaweni yokuqala ohlwini. Futhi ucwaningo ngokwalo lukhishwe ngaphansi kwesiqubulo esithi “Izidingo Zomuntu Emhlabeni Wedijithali”, kwagxilwa ekutadisheni ukwaneliseka kwabantu ngobuchwepheshe kanye nokwethenjwa kwedijithali.

Ku-DSI 2019, sihlonze inkambiso enkulu yomhlaba wonke - abantu babheke ukubuyisela ukulawula kwedijithali. Nazi ezinye izinombolo zokuqalisa mayelana nalokhu:
U-44% wabantu uthathe izinyathelo zokunciphisa inani ledatha ababelana ngayo ku-inthanethi
U-27% ufake isofthiwe yokuvimbela izikhangiso
U-21% ukhawula ngokusebenzayo inani lesikhathi abasichitha ku-inthanethi noma phambi kwesikrini se-smartphone,
futhi u-14% usule i-akhawunti yabo yenkundla yezokuxhumana.

2020: i-techlash noma i-techlove?

Inhlolovo ye-DSI 2020 yenziwa ngoMashi-Ephreli 2020, okwakuyinani eliphakeme lalolu bhubhane kanye nezinyathelo ezivimbelayo emhlabeni jikelele, phakathi kwabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-32 emazweni angama-22, kubandakanya neRussia.

Ngokwemiphumela yocwaningo, sibone ukwanda kwe-techno-optimism phakathi nalolu bhubhane - lokhu kuwumphumela wesikhashana wezenzakalo zezinyanga ezedlule, futhi ufaka ithemba elikhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kukhona usongo lwe-techlash - isimo sengqondo esibi ngobuchwepheshe esiye sazwakala emhlabeni wonke eminyakeni yamuva.

I-Techlove:

• Uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, abantu baqala ukusebenzisa izinsizakalo zedijithali kaningi: cishe izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zabaphenduli kuwo wonke amazwe (ngaphezu kuka-50% eRussia) bathi manje baya ngokuya besebenzisa izinsizakalo zebhange nokuthenga nge-inthanethi.
• U-29% wabaphenduli (emhlabeni jikelele naseRussia) uvumile ukuthi ubuchwephesha obavumele ukuthi bangalahlekelwa ukuxhumana nomndeni, abangani kanye nomhlaba wangaphandle ngesikhathi sokuvalelwa. Inombolo efanayo (phakathi kwamaRussia kukhona abaningi babo - mayelana ne-35%) yaphawula ukuthi izinsizakalo zedijithali zabasiza ukuba baphumule futhi baphumule, futhi bathole amakhono amasha nolwazi.
• Abasebenzi baqale ukusebenzisa amakhono edijithali kaningi emsebenzini wabo (lokhu bekujwayelekile cishe kuhhafu wabaphenduli ngo-2020 uma kuqhathaniswa nengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ngo-2018). Le nkomba ingase ithintwe ukushintshela okukhulu emsebenzini okude.
• Abantu sebezethemba kakhulu ikhono lobuchwepheshe lokuxazulula izinkinga zomphakathi, njengezinselelo ze-COVID-19 kwezokunakekelwa kwezempilo nakwezinye izindawo. Isabelo sabantu abanethemba lokuhle mayelana nokubaluleka kobuchwepheshe emphakathini sikhuphuke safinyelela ku-54% uma kuqhathaniswa nama-45% ngo-2019 (amandla afanayo eRussia).

I-Techlash:

• I-57% yabantu emhlabeni jikelele (i-53% eRussia) isakholelwa ukuthi ijubane lokushintsha kwezobuchwepheshe lishesha kakhulu (isibalo sisalokhu singashintshile kusukela ngo-2018). Ngenxa yalokho, balwela ibhalansi yedijithali: cishe isigamu sabaphenduli (kokubili emhlabeni nasezweni lethu) bahlose ukwaba isikhathi "sokuphumula" kumagajethi.
• U-35% wabantu, njengangonyaka odlule, uyawuqaphela umthelela omubi wobuchwepheshe bedijithali empilweni nasenhlalakahleni. Kukhona igebe elibonakalayo phakathi kwamazwe ngalolu daba: ukukhathazeka okukhulu kushiwo eShayina (64%), kuyilapho iRussia (i-22% kuphela) neHungary (20%) inethemba elikhulu. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, abaphendulile babonisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bubenza bazizwe becindezelekile, futhi kuba nzima kakhulu kubo "ukunqamula" kusuka kudijithali (13% emhlabeni kanye ne-9% eRussia).
• Amaphesenti angama-36 kuphela omhlaba akholelwa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obusha obufana nobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye namarobhothi buzodala amathuba emisebenzi esikhathini esizayo. Abantu baseRussia abanathemba kakhulu kulolu daba (phakathi kwabo abangama-23%).
• Cishe ingxenye yalabo abahlolwa, njengangonyaka odlule, bayaqiniseka ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bedijithali bukhulisa ukungalingani phakathi kwabacebile nabampofu. Isimo sengqondo samaRussia ngale nkinga sihlala singashintshiwe, kodwa ezweni lethu kuphela ama-30% ahlanganyela umbono ofanayo. Isibonelo ukusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi ephathwayo kanye nezinsizakalo zedijithali. Abaphendulayo balinganisela ukumbozwa kanye nekhwalithi yamasevisi e-inthanethi ephakeme kakhulu kunokutholakala kwawo kuso sonke isibalo sabantu (bona igrafu ekuqaleni kwesihloko).

Ukuphazamiseka kobumfihlo

Ngakho-ke, imiphumela yengxenye yokuqala ikhombisa ukuthi ubhubhane lusheshise uguquko lwedijithali. Kunengqondo ukuthi ngokukhula komsebenzi we-inthanethi, inani ledatha eyabiwe ngabasebenzisi linyukile. Futhi (spoiler) bakhathazeke kakhulu ngakho:

• Ngaphansi kwesigamu salabo abahlolwa emhlabeni jikelele (futhi kuphela i-19% e-Russia, ephansi kakhulu ezimakethe ezihloliwe) ikholelwa ukuthi izinkampani zivikela ubumfihlo bedatha yazo yomuntu siqu.
• Abathengi abayisi-8 kwabayi-10, emhlabeni jikelele nasezweni lethu, bakulungele ukwenqaba izinsizakalo zenkampani uma bethola ukuthi idatha yabo yomuntu siqu isetshenziswe ngokungafanele.

Akuwona wonke umuntu okholelwa ukuthi kwamukelekile ukuthi amabhizinisi asebenzise uhla olugcwele lwedatha yomuntu siqu ukuze athuthukise imikhiqizo namasevisi awo. Ama-45% emhlabeni wonke kanye nama-44% eRussia ayavuma ukusebenzisa ngisho nolwazi oluyisisekelo, njengekheli le-imeyili.

Emhlabeni jikelele, u-21% wabathengi uzimisele ukwabelana ngedatha mayelana namakhasi e-inthanethi abawabukayo, futhi u-17% uzimisele ukwabelana ngolwazi oluvela kumaphrofayela enethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amaRussia avuleleke kakhulu ekunikezeni ukufinyelela kumlando wabo wesiphequluli (25%). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, babona amanethiwekhi omphakathi njengendawo eyimfihlo kakhulu - kuphela i-13% efuna ukunikeza le datha kubantu besithathu.

Ukuvuza nokwephulwa kobumfihlo kube ngumcekeli omkhulu wokwethenjwa ezinkampanini zobuchwepheshe nezinkundla unyaka wesibili ulandelana. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, abantu bazimisele ukuthembela kuma-ejensi kahulumeni ukuze balondoloze idatha yabo yomuntu siqu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ayikho imboni/inkundla eyodwa abayithemba ngokugcwele ezindabeni zobumfihlo.

Izimo zengqondo zabantu ezingezinhle ezindabeni zobumfihlo azihambisani nokuziphatha kwabo kwangempela ku-inthanethi. Futhi lokhu kungaphezu kwendida:

• Abantu abaqiniseki ngokusetshenziswa okufanele kwedatha yabo yomuntu siqu, kodwa baya ngokuya babelane ngayo, besebenzisa izinsiza zedijithali ngokuqhubekayo.
• Abasebenzisi abaningi abafuni ukwabelana ngedatha yomuntu siqu, kodwa kwenze noma kunjalo (ngokuvamile ngaphandle kokuqaphela).
• Abantu bafuna ukuthi izinkampani zibacele ngokucacile imvume yokusebenzisa idatha yomuntu siqu, kodwa abazifundanga izivumelwano zabasebenzisi.
• Abathengi balindele ukwenza kube ngokwakho emikhiqizweni nakumasevisi, kodwa baxwaya kakhulu ukukhangisa komuntu siqu.
• Abasebenzisi bamagange ukubuyisela ukulawula kwedijithali, kodwa bakholelwa ukuthi esikhathini eside izinzuzo zezinsizakalo zedijithali cishe zizodlula izingozi ezingaba khona.
• Ubuchwepheshe obuzuzisa umphakathi buyisidingo esikhulu sabathengi sesikhathi esizayo.

Mayelana nekusasa

Njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yedijithali, njengokuxilongwa komsebenzi kanye nezempilo, kwanda, umthamo wedatha yomuntu siqu uzoqhubeka nokukhula, uphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngamalungelo kanye nezinketho zokuyivikela.

Sibona izimo ezimbalwa zokuthuthukiswa kwesimo - kusukela ekudalweni kwezilawuli zezimiso zokuziphatha kanye nezinqubomgomo ezikhethekile zezinkampani zokuqondisa (ukulawula okuphakathi) kuya kubambiswano phakathi kwezinkampani nabasebenzisi ekwenzeni imali ngedatha yomuntu siqu (mahhala kubo bonke).

Uma sibheka iminyaka engu-2-3 esikhathini esizayo, cishe uhhafu wabathengi esibenze inhlolovo bafuna izinzuzo zezezimali ngokushintshanisa idatha yabo yomuntu siqu. Kuze kube manje, lena mhlawumbe i-futurology: onyakeni odlule, umsebenzisi oyedwa kuphela kwabayi-1 emhlabeni jikelele othengise idatha yakhe yomuntu siqu. Nakuba e-Austria ingxenye yesine yabaphendulile yabika amacala anjalo.

Yini enye ebalulekile kulabo abakha imikhiqizo namasevisi edijithali:

• I-66% yabantu emhlabeni (49% eRussia) ilindele ukuthi izinkampani zisebenzise ubuchwepheshe ukuze kuzuze umphakathi eminyakeni engu-5-10 ezayo.
• Okokuqala, lokhu kuthinta ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo ezithuthukisa impilo nokuphila kahle - lokho okulindelekile kwabelwa ngabathengi abangu-63% emhlabeni jikelele (52% eRussia).
• Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abathengi bakhathazekile ngohlangothi lwezimiso zokuziphatha lokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha (isibonelo, ukubona ubuso), cishe isigamu sabaphenduli emhlabeni wonke (amaphesenti angu-52 eRussia) bazimisele ukukhokhela imikhiqizo namasevisi usebenzisa i-Face-ID noma i-Touch-ID. izinhlelo.

Okuhlangenwe nakho okunenjongo kuzoba okugxilwe kuwo wonke amabhizinisi, hhayi nje phakathi nobhubhane, kodwa phakathi neminyaka eyishumi ezayo. Ukuphendula izimfuno ezintsha, izinkampani kuyodingeka ukuthi zinake kakhulu ekudaleni izixazululo eziqondene nawe ezisiza abantu ukuba bathuthukise izinga lempilo yabo, kunokumane bakhangise umkhiqizo noma isevisi. Kanye nohlangothi lwezimiso zokuziphatha lokusebenzisa idatha yabo yomuntu siqu.

Source: www.habr.com