Umbhali we-DevOps ophumelelayo u-Ryn Daniels wabelana ngamasu noma ubani angawasebenzisa ukuze adale ukuzungezisa i-Oncall okungcono, okungakhungatheki, nokusimeme kakhudlwana.
Ngokufika kwe-Devops, onjiniyela abaningi kulezi zinsuku bahlela amashifu ngandlela thize, okwakuwumthwalo wodwa wama-sysadmins noma onjiniyela bokusebenza. Ukuba semsebenzini, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi okungezona ezokusebenza, akuwona umsebenzi ojatshulelwa abantu abaningi. Umsebenzi we-oncall ungaphazamisa ukulala kwethu, uphazamise umsebenzi ojwayelekile esizama ukuwenza phakathi nosuku, futhi uphazamise ukuphila kwethu nje jikelele. Njengoba amaqembu amaningi ehlanganyela emilindelweni, sibuze umbuzo, “Yini thina njengabantu ngabanye, amaqembu kanye nezinhlangano esingayenza ukuze senze imilindelo ibe nobuntu futhi isimeme?”
Londoloza ukulala kwakho
Ngokuvamile into yokuqala abantu abacabanga ngayo lapho becabanga ngokuba semsebenzini ukuthi kuzoba nomthelela omubi ebuthongweni babo; akekho ofuna isixwayiso sokubavusa phakathi kwamabili. Uma inhlangano yakho noma ithimba liba likhulu ngokwanele, ungasebenzisa ukuzungezisa "okulandela ilanga", lapho amaqembu ezindaweni zesikhathi eziningi ebamba iqhaza ekujikezweni okufanayo, namashifu amafushane omsebenzi. ngakho-ke izoni yesikhathi ngayinye izoba semsebenzini kuphela ngesikhathi sebhizinisi layo. (noma okungenani ukuvuka) amahora. Ukusungula ukuzungeza okunjalo kungenza izimanga ukuze kuncishiswe umsebenzi wasebusuku owenziwa umlindi.
Uma ungenabo onjiniyela abenele kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwendawo ukuze kusekele ukuzungezisa okulandela ilanga, kusenezinto ongazenza ukuze unciphise amathuba okuthi abantu bavuswe kungenasidingo phakathi kwamabili. Phela, kuyinto eyodwa ukuphuma embhedeni ngo-4 ekuseni ukuze uxazulule inkinga ecindezelayo, ebhekene namakhasimende; Kungokunye ukuvuka uthole ukuthi ubhekene ne-alamu engamanga. Kungasiza ukubuyekeza zonke izexwayiso ozisethile futhi ubuze ithimba lakho ukuthi yiziphi ezidingekayo ukuze uvuse othile ngemva kwamahora, nokuthi lezo zixwayiso zingalinda kuze kube sekuseni yini. Kungaba nzima ukwenza abantu bavume ukucisha izexwayiso ezingasebenzi, ikakhulukazi uma izinkinga ezigejiwe ziye zadala izinkinga esikhathini esidlule, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi unjiniyela ongakwazi ukulala akayena unjiniyela osebenza kahle kakhulu. Setha lezi zixwayiso phakathi namahora ebhizinisi uma zibalulekile ngempela. Amathuluzi amaningi okuxwayisa kulezi zinsuku akuvumela ukuthi uhlele imithetho ehlukene yezaziso zangemva kwamahora, kungaba izikhathi zezaziso ze-Nagios noma ukusetha amashejuli ahlukene ku-PagerDuty.
Ukulala, umsebenzi kanye nesiko leqembu
Ezinye izixazululo zokuphazamiseka kokulala zibandakanya izinguquko ezinkulu zamasiko. Enye indlela yokuxazulula le nkinga ukuqapha izexwayiso, ukunaka ngokukhethekile lapho zifika nokuthi ziyasebenza yini. iyithuluzi elidalwe futhi lashicilelwa i-Etsy elivumela amaqembu ukuthi alandelele futhi ahlukanise ngokwezigaba izexwayiso ezizitholayo. Ingakwazi ukukhiqiza amagrafu abonisa ukuthi zingaki izexwayiso ezivuse abantu (isebenzisa idatha yokulala evela kubalandeleli bokufaneleka), kanye nokuthi zingaki izexwayiso empeleni ezidinga isenzo somuntu. Usebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe, ungakwazi ukulandelela ukusebenza kokujikeleza kwakho ocingweni kanye nomthelela wako ekulaleni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Iqembu lingabamba iqhaza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi wonke umuntu osemsebenzini uthola ukuphumula okwanele. Dala isiko elikhuthaza abantu ukuthi bazinakekele: uma ulahlekelwa ubuthongo ngoba ubizwe ebusuku, ungalala isikhashana ekuseni ukuze uzame ukuvala isikhathi sokulala esilahlekile. Amalungu eqembu anganakekelana: Uma amaqembu abelana ngedatha yawo yokulala ngokuthile okufana ne-Opsweekly, angaya kosebenza nabo emsebenzini athi, “Heyi, kubukeka sengathi ube nobusuku obunzima ne-PagerDuty izolo ebusuku.” "Ungathanda ngikumboze namuhla ebusuku ukuze uthole ukuphumula?" Khuthaza abantu ukuthi basekane ngale ndlela futhi baqede “isiko lamaqhawe” lapho abantu bezoziphushela khona futhi bagweme ukucela usizo.
Ukunciphisa umthelela wokuba semsebenzini
Uma onjiniyela bekhathele ngenxa yokuthi bavuswe ngesikhathi besemsebenzini, kusobala ukuthi ngeke basebenze ngomthamo ongu-100% ngosuku, kodwa ngisho ngaphandle kokubala ngokuntula ubuthongo, ukuba semsebenzini kungaba neminye imithelela emsebenzini. Okunye ukulahlekelwa okubaluleke kakhulu phakathi nomsebenzi kungenxa yesici sokuphazamiseka, ukushintsha kokuqukethwe: ukuphazamiseka okukodwa kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okungenani amaminithi angu-20 ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ukugxila nokushintsha umongo. Kungenzeka ukuthi amaqembu akho azoba neminye imithombo yeziphazamiso, njengamathikithi enziwe ngamanye amaqembu, izicelo noma imibuzo eza ngengxoxo kanye/noma i-imeyili. Ngokuya ngevolumu yalezi ezinye iziphazamiso, ungase ucabange ukungeza ekuzungeziseni okukhona ngenkathi usemsebenzini noma ukusetha ukuzungezisa kwesibili ukuze uphathe lezi ezinye izicelo.
Kubalulekile ukukunaka lokhu uma uhlela umsebenzi ozokwenziwa yithimba, owesikhathi eside kanye nowesikhashana. Uma ithimba lakho livame ukuba namashifu aqinile, leli qiniso lidinga ukucatshangelwa ekuhleleni isikhathi eside, njengoba ungase ube nesimo lapho bonke abasebenzi besebenza ngokuphumelelayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kunokuba benze omunye umsebenzi. Ekuhlelweni kwesikhathi esifushane, ungathola ukuthi umuntu oshayelwe ucingo akakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezinsuku ezibekiwe ngenxa yezibopho zakhe lapho eshayelwa ucingo - lokhu kufanele kulindelwe futhi lonke ithimba kufanele lizimisele ukukwamukela nokusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi uyenziwa futhi umuntu oshayelwe ucingo uyasekelwa emisebenzini yakhe yomsebenzi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu osocingweni ubiziwe, ukushintsha osocingweni kuzothinta ikhono lomuntu osocingweni lokwenza omunye umsebenzi—ungalindeli ukuthi umuntu oshaye ucingo asebenze ubusuku ukuze aqedele amaphrojekthi ahleliwe ngaphezu kwalokho. emsebenzini ngemva kwamahora.
Amaqembu kuyodingeka athole indlela yokubhekana nomsebenzi owengeziwe owenziwe ngesikhathi esemsebenzini. Lo msebenzi ungaba umsebenzi wangempela wokulungisa izinkinga zangempela ezitholwe amasistimu okuqapha nokwazisa, noma kungaba umsebenzi wokulungisa ukuqapha kanye nezixwayiso ukuze kuncishiswe inani lezexwayiso ezinhle ezingelona iqiniso. Noma ngabe uluhlobo luni lomsebenzi odalwayo, kubalulekile ukuthi lowo msebenzi usabalaliswe ngendlela efanele nangokuqhubekayo eqenjini lonke. Akuwona wonke amashifu ocingweni adalwa alingana, futhi amanye ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunamanye, ngakho-ke ukusho ukuthi umuntu othola isexwayiso ungumuntu onesibopho sokubhekana nayo yonke imiphumela yaleso sexwayiso kungaholela ekusabalaliseni okungalingani komsebenzi. Kungase kube nengqondo ngokwengeziwe ngomuntu osemsebenzini ukuba abe nesibopho sokuhlela noma ukusabalalisa umsebenzi, ngokulindela ukuthi lonke ithimba lizovuma ukusiza ukuqedela umsebenzi owenziwe.
Ukudala nokugcina ibhalansi yokuphila komsebenzi
Cabanga ngomthelela wokuba semsebenzini onalo empilweni yakho ngaphandle komsebenzi. Lapho usemsebenzini, cishe uzozizwa uboshelwe kumakhalekhukhwini wakho kanye nekhompyutha ephathekayo, lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlale uphethe ikhompuyutha ephathekayo nerutha ephathwayo (imodemu ye-usb) noma umane ungalishiyi ikhaya/ihhovisi lakho. Ukuba usocingweni ngokuvamile kusho ukuyeka izinto ezifana nokubona abangani noma umndeni ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwakho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ubude beshifu ngayinye buncike enanini labantu eqenjini lakho, futhi ukuvama kwamashifu kungabeka umthwalo ongadingekile kubantu. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi uhlole ubude kanye nesikhathi samashifu akho ukuze uthole ishejuli esebenza okungenani kubantu abaningi abahilelekile, njengoba amaqembu ahlukene nabantu bezoba nezinto ezibalulekile nezithandwayo ezihlukahlukene.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela umthelela okuyoba nawo ukuba semsebenzini ezimpilweni zabantu, ezingeni lokuphatha kanye nezinga lomuntu ngamunye. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umthelela uzozwakala ngokungafanele ngabantu abanamalungelo amancane. Isibonelo, uma kufanele uchithe isikhathi unakekela izingane noma amanye amalungu omndeni, noma uma uthola ukuthi iningi lemisebenzi yasendlini iwela emahlombe akho, usuvele unesikhathi esincane namandla kunomuntu ongenawo. Lolu hlobo lomsebenzi "weshifu yesibili" noma "weshifu yesithathu" luvame ukuba nomthelela ngendlela engafani kubantu, futhi uma usungula ukuzungezisa ocingweni ngeshejuli noma umfutho othatha ukuthi ababambiqhaza abanampilo yomuntu siqu ngaphandle kwehhovisi, ukhawulela abantu Ungabamba iqhaza eqenjini lakho.
Khuthaza abantu ukuthi bazame ukulondoloza isimiso sabo esivamile. Kufanele ucabange ukuhlinzeka iqembu ngamarutha eselula (amamodemu e-usb) ukuze abantu bakwazi ukuphuma endlini nekhompyutha yabo ephathekayo futhi babe nempilo ethile. Khuthaza abantu ukuthi bahwebelelane amahora okushaya ucingo, uma kunesidingo, isikhathi esifushane ukuze abantu bakwazi ukuya ejimini noma babonane nodokotela ngenkathi besemsebenzini. Ungadali isiko lapho ukuba usocingweni kusho ukuthi onjiniyela abenzi lutho ngaphandle kokuba usocingweni. Ibhalansi yempilo yomsebenzi iyingxenye ebalulekile yanoma yimuphi umsebenzi, kodwa ikakhulukazi uma ucabangela amahora ongekho emsebenzini, amalungu amaningi aphezulu ethimba lakho kufanele abe isibonelo kwabanye mayelana nebhalansi yokuphila komsebenzi, ngangokunokwenzeka ngenkathi esemsebenzini.
Ngokwezinga lomuntu ngamunye, ungakhohlwa ukuchaza ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuba semsebenzini kubangani bakho, umndeni, ozakwethu, izilwane ezifuywayo, njll. (amakati akho cishe ngeke abe nandaba ngoba asevuke ngo-4 ekuseni uma uthola isixwayiso , nakuba bengeke bafune ukukusiza ukukuxazulula). Qiniseka ukuthi uyakhokha isikhathi esilahlekile ngemuva kokuphela kweshifu yakho, noma ngabe okokubona abangani, umndeni noma ukulala, isibonelo. Uma ukwazi, cabanga ukusetha i-alamu ethule (njengewashi elihlakaniphile) elingakuvusa ngokubhayizisa isihlakala sakho ukuze ungavusi muntu eduze kwakho. Thola izindlela zokuzinakekela uma uphakathi nesikhathi sakho sokushaya ucingo nalapho sesiphelile. Ungase ufune ukuhlanganisa “ikhithi yokusinda ocingweni” ezokusiza ukhululeke: lalela uhlu lwadlalwayo lomculo owuthandayo, funda incwadi oyikhonzile, noma uzinike isikhathi sokudlala nesilwane sakho esifuywayo. Abaphathi kufanele bakhuthaze ukuzinakekela ngokunikeza abantu usuku lokuphumula ngemva kwesonto besemsebenzini futhi baqinisekise ukuthi abantu bayacela (futhi bathole) usizo lapho beludinga.
Ukuthuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzi
Sekukonke, ukuba semsebenzini akufanele nje kubonakale njengomsebenzi omubi: unethuba nomthwalo wemfanelo njengomuntu osemsebenzini wokuzikhandla ukuze wenze kube ngcono kubantu abazobe besemsebenzini esikhathini esizayo, okusho ukuthi abantu izothola imilayezo embalwa futhi izonemba kakhudlwana. Futhi, ukulandelela inani lezaziso zakho usebenzisa into efana ne-Opsweekly kungakusiza uthole ukuthi yini eyenza ocingweni lwakho lucasule futhi ululungise. Ngezaziso ezingasebenzi, zibuze ukuthi zikhona yini izindlela zokususa lezi zixwayiso - mhlawumbe lokhu kusho ukuthi zizocisha ngezikhathi zebhizinisi kuphela, ngoba kunezinto ongazidingi nje ukuthi uziphendule phakathi nobusuku. Ungesabi ukususa izexwayiso, ukuzishintsha, noma ukushintsha indlela yokuthumela isuke kokuthi "thumela ocingweni ne-imeyili" iye kokuthi "i-imeyili kuphela." Ukuhlola nokuphindaphinda kuyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa umsebenzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuze uthole izexwayiso ezisebenza ngempela, kufanele ucabangele ukuthi kulula kangakanani ngonjiniyela ukuthatha isinyathelo esidingekayo. Sonke isixwayiso esisebenzayo kufanele sibe ne-runbook ehambisana naso - cabanga ukusebenzisa ithuluzi elifana ne-nagios-herald ukuze wengeze izixhumanisi ze-runbook kuzaziso zakho. Uma isexwayiso silula ngokwanele ukuthi asidingi i-runbook, cishe silula ngokwanele ukuthi ungakwazi ukuphendula impendulo usebenzisa okuthile okufana nezibambi zomcimbi we-Nagios, okusindisa abantu ukuthi bavuke noma baziphazamise ukuze benze imisebenzi ezenzakalelayo kalula. Kokubili ama-runbook nama-nagios-herald angakusiza wengeze umongo obalulekile kuzexwayiso zakho, okuzosiza abantu ukuthi baphendule kuzo ngempumelelo kakhulu. Bona ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukuphendula imibuzo evamile efana nokuthi: Ugcine nini ukuvalwa kwalesi saziso? Ubani owayiphendula okokugcina, futhi yiziphi izenzo abagcina bezithatha (uma zikhona)? Yiziphi ezinye izexwayiso ezivela ngesikhathi esifanayo nalesi futhi ingabe zihlobene? Lolu hlobo lolwazi olunomongo ngokuvamile lugcina lusezingqondweni zabantu kuphela, ngakho ukukhuthaza isiko lokubhala kanye nokwabelana ngolwazi lokuqukethwe kunganciphisa inani le-overhead edingekayo ukuze kuphendulwe izexwayiso.
Ingxenye enkulu yokukhathala okuvela ekushayeni izingcingo ukuthi azipheli—uma iqembu lakho linamakholi, mancane amathuba okuthi azophela noma nini esikhathini esizayo. Amashifu awapheli, futhi singase sizizwe sengathi azohlala emubi. Lokhu kuntuleka kwethemba kuyinkinga enkulu yengqondo engaba nomthelela ekucindezelekeni nasekukhathaleni, ngakho-ke ukubhekana nombono (ngaphezu kweqiniso) ukuthi umsebenzi uzohlala umbi kakhulu kuyindawo enhle yokuqala ukucabanga ngomsebenzi wakho esikhathini eside.
Ukuze unikeze abantu ithemba lokuthi isimo emsebenzini sizoke sibe ngcono, kuyadingeka ukuthi kube nokuqashelwa kohlelo (ukulandelela okufanayo nokuhlukaniswa kwemisebenzi ngokwezigaba engikushilo ekuqaleni). Gcina umbhalo walokho ukuthi zingaki izexwayiso onazo, yimaphi amaphesenti azo adinga ukungenelela kwabasizi, zingaki ezivusa abantu, bese usebenza ukwakha isiko elikhuthaza abantu ukuthi benze izinto kangcono. Uma uneqembu elikhulu, kungase kube isilingo, ngokushesha nje lapho iwashi lakho lifika ekupheleni, ukuphonsa izandla zakho bese uthi "leyo yinkinga yesikhulu sesikhathi esizayo" kunokuba umbe ukuze ulungise okuthile - ofuna ukuchitha imali eningi. umzamo emsebenzini kunabo obudingekayo? Yilapho isiko lokuzwelana lingenza umehluko omkhulu, ngoba awubheki nje kuphela inhlalakahle yakho emsebenzini, kodwa nozakwenu.
Konke kumayelana nozwela
Uzwela luyingxenye ebalulekile yalokho okusivumela ukuthi sishayele ukusebenza okuthuthukisa ukuzizwisa ocingweni. Njengomphathi noma ilungu, ungakwazi ukuhlola kahle noma uklomelise abantu ngokuziphatha okwenza ushintsho lube ngcono. Ukwesekwa kokusebenza kungenye yalezo zindawo lapho onjiniyela bavame ukuzwa sengathi abantu babanaka kuphela uma kukhona okungahambanga kahle: abantu bazoba khona ukuze babathethise lapho isiza siphahlazeka, kodwa abavamile ukufunda ngemizamo eyenziwa ngemuva kwesigcawu esebenzayo. onjiniyela bafaka ekugcineni isayithi lisebenza sonke isikhathi. Ukubona umsebenzi kungase kuhambe ibanga elide, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukubonga othile emhlanganweni noma ku-imeyili evamile ngokuthuthukisa isexwayiso esithile, isici sobuchwepheshe sokuba semsebenzini, noma ukunikeza othile isikhathi sokukhava omunye unjiniyela emsebenzini isikhashana.
Khuthaza abantu ukuthi bachithe isikhathi kanye nomzamo wokuthuthukisa isimo sabo lapho ushayela ucingo esikhathini eside. Uma ithimba lakho linezingcingo, kufanele uhlele futhi ubeke phambili lo msebenzi ngendlela efanayo obungenza ngayo noma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi kumephu yakho yomgwaqo. Izingcingo ezitholakalayo ziyi-90% entropy, futhi ngaphandle kokuthi usebenze ngokuzikhandla ukuze uzithuthukise, zizoba zimbi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Sebenza nethimba lakho ukuze uthole ukuthi yini ekhuthaza futhi eklomelisa abantu kangcono, bese usebenzisa lokho ukukhuthaza abantu ukunciphisa umsindo oqaphile, ukubhala ama-runbook, nokudala amathuluzi axazulula izinkinga zabo lapho beshayela. Noma yini oyenzayo, musa ukwenza umsebenzi omubi njengengxenye ehlala njalo yesimo sezindaba.
Source: www.habr.com