Kulo nyaka, i-Plesk inqume ukuthumela abantu abambalwa ku-KubeCon, umcimbi oyinhloko we-Kubernetes emhlabeni. Azikho izingqungquthela ezikhethekile eRussia ngalesi sihloko. Yebo, sikhuluma ngama-K8, futhi wonke umuntu uyawafuna, kodwa akukho ndawo lapho izinkampani eziningi kangaka eziwajwayezayo zibuthana endaweni eyodwa. Ngibe ngomunye wabahlanganyeli njengoba ngisebenza endaweni yesikhulumi esisekelwe ku-Kubernetes.
Mayelana nenhlangano
Izinga lenkomfa liyamangalisa: ababambiqhaza abangu-7000, isikhungo esikhulu sombukiso. Ukushintsha ukusuka kwelinye ihholo kuya kwelinye kwathatha imizuzu emi-5-7. Kube nemibiko engu-30 ngezihloko ezahlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa. Bekunenqwaba yezinkampani ezinezitendi zazo, ezinye bezikhipha okuhle kanti ezinye imiklomelo emikhulu, kanti bezikhipha zonke izinhlobo zezinto okuyizikibha, amapeni nokunye okumnandi. . Konke ukuxhumana kwakungesiNgisi, kodwa angizange ngihlangabezane nobunzima. Uma lokhu kuyisizathu kuphela sokuthi kungani ungayi ezingqungqutheleni zakwamanye amazwe, qhubeka. IsiNgisi ku-IT silula kunesiNgisi esivamile ngenxa yobuningi bamagama ajwayelekile owabhalayo futhi owafunda nsuku zonke ngekhodi nemibhalo. Azikho futhi izinkinga ngokubonwa kwemibiko. Ulwazi oluningi lwafakwa ekhanda lami. Kusihlwa, ngafana neseva lapho basebenzise khona ukuchichima kwe-buffer futhi bawuthela ngqo ku-subconscious.
Mayelana nemibiko
Ngifuna ukukhuluma kafushane ngemibiko engiyithanda kakhulu futhi engingancoma ukuyibuka.
Lo mbiko wangihlaba umxhwele ngoba wawuthinta ubuhlungu obukhulu. Sinezinsizakalo eziningi ezihlukene, zisekelwa futhi zithuthukiswe abantu abahlukene eqenjini. Silandela ingqalasizinda njengoba kusondela amakhodi, kodwa kunezinkinga ezingakaxazululwa. Kukhona inqolobane enekhodi engenzekiyo, kodwa isimo samanje kanye nempahla kugcinwa unjiniyela osebenzisa iskripthi emshinini, futhi amakhredithi akhona. Olunye ulwazi lungatholakala ngokuhlangana, kodwa akubonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi kuphi. Ayikho indawo lapho ungavele ucindezele khona inkinobho futhi konke kuzolunga. Kuhlongozwa ukwenza incazelo futhi kufakwe endaweni yokugcina hhayi ikhodi kuphela, kodwa futhi namathuluzi okuthunyelwa. Chaza ukuthi ungasitholaphi isimo namakhredithi, yenza Faka futhi ujabulele umphumela. Ngingathanda uku-oda okwengeziwe ezinsizeni, ngizolandela ukukhishwa kwe-CNAB, ngizisebenzise ngokwami, ngizenze, futhi ngizikholise. Iphethini enhle yokuklama i-Readme kutheniphu.
Ulwazi oluningi ngeraki lapho ubhala ama-opharetha. Ngibheka umbiko njengokufanele uwubone kulabo abahlela ukubhala i-opharetha yabo ye-Kubernetes. Zonke izinto ezifana nezimo, ukuqoqwa kukadoti, ukuncintisana nakho konke okunye kuyacatshangelwa lapho. Inolwazi kakhulu. Ngisithande kakhulu isicaphuna esivela kukhodi ye-Kubernetes eqhubekayo:
I-K8s ihweba ngobunkimbinkimbi ukuze ihlanganiswe ukuze kube lula ukuyisebenzisa.
Lo mbiko wembula ngokuningiliziwe enye yezinto eziyinhloko zezakhiwo zeqoqo - indiza yokulawula, okuyisethi yabalawuli. Indima yabo kanye nezakhiwo kuchaziwe, kanye nezimiso eziyisisekelo zokudala isilawuli sakho usebenzisa isibonelo salezo ezikhona.
Elinye lamaphuzu asekuqaleni izincomo zokungafihli izimo ezingajwayelekile ngemuva kokuziphatha okulungile kwesilawuli, kodwa ukushintsha ukuziphatha ngandlela thize ukuze ubonise isistimu ukuthi izinkinga sezivele.
Okuhlangenwe nakho okuthakazelisayo kakhulu, ulwazi oluningi olunezindlela zokupheka mayelana nokuthi yini okudingeka uyicabangele uma unomsebenzi omkhulu ngempela. Bangene kahle ku-Kubernetes futhi basekela amaqoqo angama-50. Bakhulume ngazo zonke izici zokucindezela ukukhiqiza okuphezulu. Ngincoma ukuthi ubuke umbiko ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinqumo zobuchwepheshe ngamaqoqo.
Umbiko ngemva kwalokho ngabona ukuthi ngidinga ngempela ukuzama i-Loki ngamalogi kuqoqo futhi, cishe, ngihlale nayo. Iphuzu elibalulekile: i-elastic inzima. U-Grafana wayefuna ukwenza isixazululo esilula, esingasindi esilungele izinkinga zokulungisa amaphutha. Isixazululo sibe sihle: U-Loki ukhetha imininingwane ye-meta ku-Kubernetes (amalebula, njenge-Prometheus), futhi wendlala izingodo ngokusho kwawo. Ngakho-ke, ungakhetha izingcezu zelogi ngesevisi, thola i-sub ethize, khetha isikhathi esithile, ukuhlunga ngekhodi yephutha. Lezi zihlungi zisebenza ngaphandle kokusesha umbhalo ogcwele. Ngakho-ke, ngokunciphisa ukusesha kancane kancane, ungafinyelela iphutha elithile olidingayo. Ekugcineni, ukusesha kusasetshenziswa, kodwa njengoba umbuthano uncishisiwe, isivinini sanele ngaphandle kokukhomba. Ngokuchofoza kuyo, umongo uyalayishwa - imigqa embalwa ngaphambili kanye nemigqa embalwa yelogi ngemuva. Ngakho-ke, kubukeka sengathi ufuna ifayela elinamalogi futhi unamathisele kulo, kodwa kulula kakhulu futhi kusixhumi esibonakalayo esifanayo lapho amamethrikhi ekhona. Ingakwazi ukubala inani lezenzeko zombuzo wosesho. Imibuzo yokusesha ngokwayo ifana nolimi lwe-Prometheus futhi ibukeka ilula. Isikhulumi sadonsela ukunaka kwethu eqinisweni lokuthi isixazululo asifaneleki kakhulu ukuhlaziya. Ngiyincoma kakhulu kunoma ngubani odinga izingodo, kulula kakhulu ukuyifunda.
Izinqubo zokuthunyelwa kwe-canary kanye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka-oluhlaza ziboniswa ngokucacile kakhulu. Ngeluleka abangakakhuthazwa ukuthi bawubuke umbiko. Izikhulumi zizokwethula isisombululo ngendlela yokwengezwa kohlelo oluthembisayo lwe-CI-CD i-ARGO. Inkulumo yesiNgisi yesikhulumi esivela eRussia kulula ukuyilalela kunenkulumo yezinye izikhulumi.
Esinye sezici ezinzima kakhulu zokuphatha iqoqo sihlala simisa ukuphepha, ikakhulukazi amalungelo okufinyelela ezinsizeni. Okwakhelwe ngaphakathi ama-K8s akudala akuvumela ukuthi ulungiselele ukugunyazwa ngendlela othanda ngayo. Ungawagcina kanjani ngokungenabuhlungu? Ungaqonda kanjani ukuthi kwenzekani ngamalungelo okufinyelela futhi ulungise izindima ezidaliwe? Lo mbiko awunikezi nje kuphela ukubuka konke kwamathuluzi ambalwa okugunyazwa kokususa iphutha kuma-k8s, kodwa futhi unikeza izincomo ezijwayelekile zokwakha izinqubomgomo ezilula nezisebenzayo.
Eminye imibiko
Ngeke ngiyincome. Ezinye zazingokaputeni, ezinye, kunalokho, zazinzima kakhulu. Ngikweluleka ukuthi ugxumele kulolu hlu lokudlalayo futhi ubheke yonke into emakwe njengenothi eyinhloko. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ubheke kabanzi imboni eseduze kwe-Cloud Native Apps, bese kufanele ucindezele u-ctrl+f bese usesha amagama angukhiye, izinkampani, imikhiqizo kanye nezindlela ezithakaselwayo.
Nasi isixhumanisi sohlu lwadlalwayo esinemibiko, yinake
Mayelana nezitendi zenkampani
Esitendi seHaproxy nganikezwa isikibha sendodana yami. Ngiyangabaza ukuthi ngenxa yalokhu ngizofaka i-Nginx esikhundleni se-haproxy ekukhiqizeni, kodwa ngibakhumbula kakhulu. Kwazi bani ukuthi abanikazi abasha bazokwenzenjani ngeNginx.
Kube nezingxoxo ezimfishane edokodweni le-IBM zontathu izinsuku, futhi baheha abantu ngokuxosha i-Oculus Go, ama-headphone e-Beats, ne-quadcopter. Bekufanele uhlale esitobhini isigamu sehora sonke. Kabili ezinsukwini ezintathu ngazama inhlanhla yami - akwenzekanga. I-VMWare ne-Microsoft nabo banikeze izethulo ezimfushane.
Esitobhini se-Ubuntu, ngenze lokho okwakubonakala sengathi wonke umuntu uyakwenza - ngithathe isithombe noShuttleworth. Umfana onobungane, wakujabulela ukufunda ukuthi bengiyisebenzisa kusukela ngo-8.04 nokuthi iseva isebenze nayo iminyaka eyi-10 ngaphandle kokuthuthukiswa kwe-dist ngaphandle kwekhefu elilodwa (yize ngaphandle kokufinyelela ku-inthanethi).
U-Ubuntu usika ama-MicroK8s awo - Fast, Light, Upstream Developer Kubernetes
Angikwazanga ukudlula uDmitry Stolyarov okhathele, ngakhuluma naye ngempilo enzima yansuku zonke yonjiniyela abasekela uKubernetes. Uzodlulisela ukufundwa kwemibiko kozakwabo, kodwa ulungiselela indlela entsha yokwethula indaba. Ngikunxuse ukuthi ubhalisele isiteshi se-YouTube sikaFlant.
IBM, Cisco, Microsoft, VMWare itshale imali eningi ezitendini. Amaqabane omthombo ovulekile abe nezitendi ezinesizotha. Ngakhuluma nabamele iGrafana esitendini futhi bangiqinisekisa ukuthi kufanele ngizame uLoki. Ngokuvamile, kubonakala sengathi ukusesha okugcwele kuhlelo lokungena kudinga kuphela izibalo, futhi amasistimu asezingeni le-Loki anele ukuxazulula inkinga. Ngikhulume nabathuthukisi be-Prometheus. Abahlelile ukwenza isitoreji sesikhathi eside samamethrikhi nokwehliswa kwesampula kwedatha. Kunconywa ukubheka i-cortex ne-thanos njengesixazululo. Kwakunezitendi eziningi, kwathatha usuku lonke ukubabona bonke. Izixazululo zokuqapha eziyishumi nambili njengesevisi. Izinsizakalo ezinhlanu zokuphepha. Izinsizakalo ezinhlanu zokusebenza. Ama-UI ayishumi nambili e-Kubernetes. Baningi abahlinzeka ngama-k8 njengesevisi. Wonke umuntu ufuna ingxenye yakhe yemakethe.
I-Amazon kanye ne-Google baqashe ama-patio anotshani bokwenziwa ophahleni futhi bafaka izindawo zokuhlala zelanga lapho. I-Amazon inikeze izinkomishi futhi yathela i-lemonade, futhi esitendini yakhuluma ngamasu amasha okusebenza nezimo ezithile. I-Google ikhiphe amakhukhi anelogo ye-Kubernetes futhi yenza indawo epholile yezithombe, futhi esitobhini ngadoba izinhlanzi ezinkulu zebhizinisi.
Mayelana ne-Barcelona
Ngithandana ne-Barcelona. Ngibe lapho okwesibili, okokuqala ngo-2012 ohambweni lokubuka indawo. Lokhu kuyamangaza, kodwa kwafika amaqiniso amaningi engqondweni yami, ngakwazi ukutshela ozakwethu okuningi, ngangiyi-mini-guide. Umoya wasolwandle ohlanzekile wangiqeda ngokushesha ukungezwani komzimba wami. Ukudla kwasolwandle okumnandi, i-paella, i-sangria. I-architecture efudumele kakhulu, enelanga. Inani elincane lephansi, uhlaza oluningi. Sihambe cishe amakhilomitha angama-50 kulezi zinsuku ezintathu, futhi ngifuna ukuzungeza leli dolobha ngokuphindaphindiwe. Konke lokhu emva kwemibiko, kusihlwa.
Iyiphi into esemqoka engangiyiqonda
Ngijabule kakhulu ukuthi ngithole ithuba lokuhambela le ngqungquthela. Wahlela ngamashalofu lokho okwakungalungiswanga ngaphambili. Wangikhuthaza futhi wenza ezinye izinto zaba sobala.
Umcabango wagijima njengentambo ebomvu: I-Kubernetes ayisona isiphetho, kodwa iyithuluzi. Inkundla yokudala izinkundla.
Futhi umsebenzi oyinhloko wenhlangano yonke: yakha futhi usebenzise izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaka
Izikhombisi-ndlela eziyinhloko umphakathi osebenza kuzo zigqamile. Cishe zivela kanjani izici eziyi-12 zezicelo ngesikhathi esisodwa, kwavela uhlu lokuthi kwenziwani futhi kanjani kungqalasizinda iyonke. Uma ufuna, ungabiza lawa mathrendi:
- Izindawo ezinamandla
- Amafu omphakathi, ayingxube nangasese
- Iziqukathi
- Isevisi ye-mesh
- Microservices
- Ingqalasizinda engaguquki
- I-Declarative API
Lawa masu akuvumela ukuthi wakhe amasistimu anezici ezilandelayo:
- Ivikelwe ekulahlekeni kwedatha
- I-Elastic (ilungisa ukulayisha)
- Isevisiwe
- Okubonwayo (izinsika ezintathu: ukuqapha, ukugawulwa kwemithi, ukulandelela)
- Ukuba nekhono lokukhipha izinguquko ezinkulu njalo nangokuphepha ngokubikezela.
I-CNCF ikhetha amaphrojekthi angcono kakhulu (uhlu oluncane) futhi ikhuthaze izinto ezilandelayo:
- I-Smart Automation
- umthombo ovulekile
- Inkululeko yokukhetha umhlinzeki wesevisi
I-Kubernetes iyinkimbinkimbi. Ilula ngokomqondo futhi iyingxenye, kodwa iyinkimbinkimbi iyonke. Akekho obonise isisombululo sokukodwa. Imakethe yama-k8 njengesevisi, futhi yonke imakethe yonke, iyintshonalanga yasendle: ukwesekwa kuthengiswa ngawo womabili ama-$50 kanye no-$1000 ngenyanga. Wonke umuntu ungena ekujuleni kwengxenye ethile bese emba kuyo. Ezinye zisebenza kumadeshibhodi, ezinye zisebenza, ezinye zezokuphepha.
K8S, yonke into iyaqala!
Source: www.habr.com