Kudingekani ukuze inkampani ye-IT iphumelele ngo-2019? Abafundisi ezingqungqutheleni nasemihlanganweni basho amazwi amaningi anomsindo angaqondwa njalo kubantu abajwayelekile. Umzabalazo wesikhathi sokuthunyelwa, ama-microservices, ukushiywa kwe-monolith, ukuguqulwa kwe-DevOps nokunye okuningi. Uma silahla ubuhle bomlomo futhi sikhuluma ngokuqondile nangesiRashiya, khona-ke konke kwehla ku-thesis elula: yenza umkhiqizo wekhwalithi ephezulu, futhi ukwenze ngokunethezeka kweqembu.
Lesi sakamuva sesibaluleke kakhulu. Ibhizinisi ligcine lifinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi inqubo yokuthuthuka enethezekile yandisa umkhiqizo, futhi uma yonke into ilungiswa futhi isebenza njengewashi, iphinde inikeze indawo ethile yokuqondisa ezimweni ezibucayi. Kudala, ngenxa yalokhu kuguqulwa, umuntu othile ohlakaniphile weza nama-backups, kodwa imboni iyathuthuka, futhi safika konjiniyela be-DevOps - abantu abaguqula inqubo yokusebenzisana phakathi kwentuthuko nengqalasizinda yangaphandle ibe into eyanele futhi. ayihlobene ne-shamanism.
Yonke le ndaba "ye-modular" iyamangalisa, kodwa ... Kwenzeka ukuthi abanye babaphathi bavele babizwa ngokuthi i-DevOps, futhi onjiniyela be-DevOps ngokwabo baqala ukudingeka ukuthi okungenani babe namakhono ocingo kanye ne-clairvoyance.
Ngaphambi kokuthi sikhulume ngezinkinga zesimanje zokuhlinzeka ngengqalasizinda, ake sichaze ukuthi siqonde ukuthini ngaleli gama. Okwamanje, isimo sesithuthuke ngendlela yokuthi sesifinyelele ubumbano lwalo mqondo: ingqalasizinda ingaba ngaphandle ngokwemibandela futhi ibe ngaphakathi ngokwemibandela.
Ngengqalasizinda yangaphandle sisho yonke into eqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesevisi noma umkhiqizo othuthukiswa yithimba. Lezi izinhlelo zokusebenza noma amaseva ewebhusayithi, ukusingathwa kanye nezinye izinsiza eziqinisekisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo.
Ingqalasizinda yangaphakathi ihlanganisa izinsiza kanye nezinto zokusebenza ezisetshenziswa ithimba lokuthuthukisa ngokwalo kanye nabanye abasebenzi, okuvame ukuba baningi. Lawa amaseva angaphakathi ezinhlelo zokugcina amakhodi, umphathi womsebenzi otshalwe endaweni nakho konke, yonke into, yonke into ekhona ngaphakathi kwe-intranet yebhizinisi.
Wenzani umlawuli wesistimu enkampanini? Ngaphezu komsebenzi wokuphatha le-intranethi yenkampani, ivamise ukuthwala umthwalo wezinkinga zezomnotho ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwemishini yasehhovisi. Umlawuli nguye kanye lo mfana ozohudula ngokushesha iyunithi yesistimu entsha noma ikhompuyutha ephathekayo eyisipele elungele ukusetshenziswa kusukela kugumbi elingemuva, akhiphe ikhibhodi entsha futhi akhase ngawo womane amahhovisi, enweba ikhebuli ye-Ethernet. Umlawuli ungumnikazi wendawo kanye nombusi wamaseva angaphakathi nangaphandle kuphela, kodwa futhi ungumphathi webhizinisi. Yebo, abanye abalawuli bangasebenza kuphela endizeni yesistimu, ngaphandle kwehadiwe. Kufanele ahlukaniswe abe yisigaba esingaphansi “sabaphathi besistimu yengqalasizinda.” Futhi abanye basebenza ngokukhethekile ekuhlinzekeni imishini yasehhovisi kuphela; ngenhlanhla, uma inkampani inabantu abangaphezu kwekhulu, umsebenzi awupheli. Kodwa akekho kubo ongama-devops.
Obani ama-DevOps? Ama-Devops abafana abakhuluma ngokusebenzisana kokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe nengqalasizinda yangaphandle. Ngokunembayo, ama-devops esimanje abandakanyeka ekuthuthukisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezinqubo ezijule kakhulu kunabaphathi abavele balayishe izibuyekezo ku-ftp abake babandakanyeka. Omunye wemisebenzi ebalulekile kanjiniyela we-DevOps manje ukuqinisekisa inqubo enethezekile neyakheke kahle yokusebenzisana phakathi kwamaqembu okuthuthukisa nengqalasizinda yomkhiqizo. Yilaba bantu abanomthwalo wemfanelo wokusabalalisa izinhlelo zokuhlehlisa kanye nokusatshalaliswa; yilaba bantu abasusa omunye umthwalo konjiniyela futhi bagxile kakhulu emsebenzini wabo obaluleke kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-devops awasoze asebenzisa ikhebuli entsha noma akhiphe ikhompuyutha ephathekayo entsha kusukela kugumbi elingemuva (c) KO
Yini ebanjwayo?
Embuzweni othi "Ubani i-DevOps?" ingxenye yabasebenzi abasensimini iqala ukuphendula into efana nokuthi “Awu, ngamafuphi, lo ngumqondisi ..." futhi ngokuqhubekayo embhalweni. Yebo, ngesinye isikhathi, lapho umsebenzi wonjiniyela we-DevOps usanda kuvela kubaphathi abanekhono kakhulu mayelana nokugcinwa kwesevisi, umehluko phakathi kwabo wawungabonakali kuwo wonke umuntu. Kodwa manje, lapho imisebenzi ye-devops kanye neyokuphatha eqenjini isihluke kakhulu, akwamukelekile ukuyididanisa, noma ngisho ukuyifanisa.
Kodwa kusho ukuthini lokhu ngebhizinisi?
Ukuqasha, konke kumayelana nakho.
Uvula isikhala se-“System Administrator”, futhi izidingo ezibalwe lapho “ukusebenzelana nentuthuko kanye namakhasimende”, “uhlelo lokulethwa kwe-CI/CD”, “ukugcinwa kwamaseva nemishini yenkampani”, “ukuphathwa kwezinhlelo zangaphakathi” nokunye. kuvuliwe; uqonde ukuthi umqashi ukhuluma into engekho. Okubanjiwe ukuthi esikhundleni sokuthi "Umlawuli Wesistimu" isihloko sezikhala kufanele sibe "DevOps Engineer", futhi uma lesi sihloko sishintshiwe, khona-ke yonke into ingena endaweni.
Nokho, yimuphi umbono umuntu aba nawo lapho efunda leso sikhala? Ukuthi inkampani ibheka u-opharetha wemishini eminingi ozosebenzisa kokubili uhlelo lokulawula inguqulo nokuqapha futhi azocindezela i-twister ngamazinyo akhe...
Kodwa ukuze kungakhulisi izinga lokuluthwa yizidakamizwa emakethe yezabasebenzi, kwanele ukubiza izikhala ngamagama azo afanele futhi uqonde ngokucacile ukuthi unjiniyela we-DevOps kanye nomqondisi wesistimu yizinhlangano ezimbili ezihlukene. Kodwa isifiso esingenakuvinjelwa sabanye abaqashi sokwethula uhlu olubanzi kakhulu lwezidingo kumuntu okhethiwe siholela eqinisweni lokuthi abaphathi besistimu "yakudala" bayayeka ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani eduze kwabo. Yini, umsebenzi uyaguquka futhi bangemuva kwezikhathi?
Cha cha futhi kwesinye isikhathi cha. Abaphathi bengqalasizinda abazophatha amaseva angaphakathi enkampani, noma bathathe izikhundla zokusekela i-L2/L3 futhi basize abanye abasebenzi, abazange bahambe futhi ngeke bahambe.
Ingabe laba chwepheshe bangaba onjiniyela be-DevOps? Yebo bangakwazi. Eqinisweni, lena imvelo ehlobene edinga amakhono okuphatha uhlelo, kodwa ngaphezu kwalokhu, sebenza ngokuqapha, izinhlelo zokulethwa futhi, ngokuvamile, ukuxhumana okuseduze nethimba lokuthuthukiswa nokuhlola kuyengezwa.
Enye Inkinga ye-DevOps
Eqinisweni, yonke into ayigcini nje ngokuqasha kanye nokudideka okuqhubekayo phakathi kwama-admins nama-devops. Ngesinye isikhathi, ibhizinisi lalibhekene nenkinga yokuletha izibuyekezo nokusebenzisana kwethimba lezokuthuthukiswa nengqalasizinda yokugcina.
Mhlawumbe kwaba yilapho umalume owayenamehlo acwebezelayo esukuma esiteji sengqungquthela ethi, “Sikwenza lokhu futhi sikubiza ngeDevOps. Laba bafana bazoxazulula zonke izinkinga zakho” - futhi baqala ukusho ukuthi iyinhle kangakanani impilo enkampanini ngemuva kokusebenzisa izinqubo ze-DevOps.
Kodwa-ke, akwanele ukuqasha unjiniyela we-DevOps ukwenza yonke into isebenze njengoba kufanele. Inkampani kufanele yenze izinguquko eziphelele ze-DevOps, okungukuthi, indima namandla e-DevOps yethu kufanele futhi kuqondwe ngokucacile ngasohlangothini lwethimba lokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo nethimba lokuhlola. Sinendaba “emangalisayo” kulesi sihloko ebonisa ngokugcwele unya olwenzeka kwezinye izindawo.
Isimo. I-DevOps iyadingeka ukuze ikhiphe isistimu yokubuyisela emuva inguqulo ngaphandle kokuhlolisisa ukuthi izosebenza kanjani. Ake sicabange ukuthi ngaphakathi kohlelo lwabasebenzisi kunezinkambu ezihlukene zegama, isibongo kanye nephasiwedi. Inguqulo entsha yomkhiqizo iyaphuma, kodwa kubathuthukisi, "i-rollback" imane nje iyinduku yomlingo ezolungisa yonke into, futhi abazi nokuthi isebenza kanjani. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, esiqeshini esilandelayo abathuthukisi bahlanganisa izinkambu zegama lokuqala nesibongo, balikhiphela ekukhiqizeni, kodwa inguqulo ihamba kancane ngesizathu esithile. Kwenzakalani? Abaphathi beza kuma-devops bese bethi "Donsa iswishi!", okusho ukuthi, bamcela ukuthi abuyele emuva enguqulweni yangaphambilini. Enzani ama-devops? Ibuyela emuva enguqulweni yangaphambilini, kodwa njengoba abathuthukisi bebengafuni ukuthola ukuthi lokhu kubuyiselwa emuva kwenziwa kanjani, akekho owatshela ithimba le-devops ukuthi i-database nayo idinga ukubuyiselwa emuva. Ngenxa yalokho, yonke into iyaphahlazeka kithi, futhi esikhundleni sewebhusayithi ehamba kancane, abasebenzisi babona iphutha elithi "500", ngoba inguqulo yakudala ayisebenzi nezinkambu zedatha entsha. U-Devops akazi ngalokhu. Onjiniyela bathule. Abaphathi baqala ukulahlekelwa izinzwa nemali futhi bakhumbula ama-backups, bathembisa ukuhlehla kubo ukuze "okungenani kube khona okuzosebenza." Njengomphumela, abasebenzisi balahlekelwa yiyo yonke idatha yabo ngesikhathi esithile.
Amantongomane, yiqiniso, aya kuma-devops, "angazange enze uhlelo olufanele lokubuyela emuva," futhi akekho onendaba ukuthi i-moose kule ndaba ingabathuthukisi.
Isiphetho silula: ngaphandle kwendlela evamile ye-DevOps kanjalo, ayisebenzi kangako.
Into esemqoka okufanele uyikhumbule: unjiniyela we-DevOps akayena umlingo, futhi ngaphandle kokuxhumana kwekhwalithi nokuxhumana okubili nokuthuthukiswa, ngeke akwazi ukubhekana nemisebenzi yakhe. Ama-Devs awakwazi ukushiywa yedwa "nezinkinga" zawo noma anikezwe umyalo othi "ungagxambukeli nabathuthukisi, umsebenzi wabo ukubhala ikhodi," bese bethemba ukuthi ngesikhathi esibucayi yonke into izosebenza ngendlela efanele. Akusebenzi kanjalo.
Empeleni, i-DevOps inekhono elisemngceleni phakathi kwabaphathi nobuchwepheshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukude nokusobala ukuthi kufanele kube nobuchwepheshe obuningi kunokuphatha kule cocktail. Uma ufuna ngempela ukwakha izinqubo zokuthuthukisa ezisheshayo nezisebenza kahle, kufanele uthembele ithimba lakho le-devops. Uyawazi amathuluzi afanele, uye wasebenzisa amaphrojekthi afanayo, uyazi ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani. Msize, ulalele iseluleko sakhe, ungazami ukumhlukanisa nohlobo oluthile lweyunithi yokuzimela. Uma abalawuli bengasebenza ngokwabo, khona-ke ama-devops awasebenzi kulokhu; ngeke bakwazi ukukusiza ube ngcono uma wena ngokwakho ungafuni ukwamukela lolu sizo.
Futhi okokugcina: yeka ukucasula abaphathi bengqalasizinda. Banezabo, ingaphambili elibaluleke kakhulu lomsebenzi. Yebo, umlawuli angaba unjiniyela we-DevOps, kodwa lokhu kufanele kwenzeke ngesicelo somuntu ngokwakhe, hhayi ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Futhi akukho lutho olungalungile ngokuthi umlawuli wesistimu ufuna ukuhlala engumqondisi wesistimu - lokhu kuwumsebenzi wakhe ohlukile kanye nelungelo lakhe. Uma ufuna ukwenza uguquko lochwepheshe, akufanele ukhohlwe ukuthi kuzodingeka wakhe amakhono ezobuchwepheshe kuphela, kodwa nalawo okuphatha. Ngokunokwenzeka, kuzoba kuwe njengomholi ukuhlanganisa bonke laba bantu futhi ubafundise ukuxhumana ngolimi olufanayo.
Source: www.habr.com