Mayelana nombhali:
Uma kuziwa ekusunguleni ukuxhumana phakathi kwamaphuzu amabili, akukho lutho olungahlula ijuba. Ngaphandle, mhlawumbe, ngoklebe olungavamile.
Ukuhlola izinyoni: Ngawo-1970, i-CIA yakha ikhamera encane eyashintsha amajuba abe yizinhloli.
Sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka, amajuba athwalayo ethwele imiyalezo. Futhi zaba usizo ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sempi. UJulius Caesar, uGenghis Khan,
Futhi-ke, i-Central Intelligence Agency yase-US ayikwazanga ukuzibamba ngaphandle kokuguqula amajuba abe izinhloli. Ngawo-1970, uMnyango Wokucwaninga Nokuthuthukiswa Kwe-CIA wakha ikhamera encane, engasindi eyayingaboshelwa esifubeni sejuba. Ngemva kokukhululwa, ijuba landizela phezu kwaleli qembu elihloselwe inhloli lapho libuyela ekhaya. Injini engaphakathi kwekhamera, esebenza ngebhethri, yaphenduka ifilimu futhi yavula ishutha. Ngenxa yokuthi amajuba endizela amamitha angamakhulu ambalwa nje ukusuka emhlabathini, akwazi ukuthola izithombe ezinemininingwane eminingi kunezindiza noma iziphuphutheki. Ingabe bekukhona ukuhlolwa?
Kodwa-ke, i-CIA yayingeyena owokuqala ukusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe. Usokhemisi waseJalimane uJulius Gustav Neubronner ngokuvamile ubhekwa njengomuntu wokuqala ukuqeqesha amajuba ukuthwebula izithombe zasemoyeni. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, uNeubronner wanamathisela amakhamera [okusunguliwe, kusetshenziswa ukuvulwa kwe-pneumatic kwe-shutter / approx. ukuhumusha] esifubeni samajuba othwala. Ikhamera yathatha izithombe ngezikhathi ezithile njengoba ijuba lindizela ekhaya.
Amasosha asePrussia ahlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukusebenzisa amajuba e-Neubronner ukuze athole ulwazi, kodwa awushiya lo mbono ngemva kokungakwazi ukulawula imizila noma ukuthatha izithombe zezindawo ezithile. Esikhundleni salokho, uNeubronner waqala ukwenza amakhadi eposi ngalezi zithombe. Manje sebeqoqwe encwadini ka-2017 β
Isizathu esikhulu esenza ukuthi amajuba asetshenziselwe imiyalezo noma ukugadwa ukuthi banayo
Okuphawulwe ekuqaleni eGibhithe naseMesophothamiya lasendulo kwabonisa ukuthi amajuba ngokuvamile ayebuyela ekhaya ezidlekeni zawo, ngisho noma ekhululwe kude nasekhaya. Kodwa ososayensi muva nje sebenabo
Ngo-1968, isazi sezilwane saseJalimane uWolfgang Wiltschko sachaza ikhampasi kazibuthe
Ukutadisha i-magnetoreception yamajuba amajuba kube nzima kakhulu ngoba izinyoni kufanele zidedelwe endaweni yazo yemvelo ukuze zibonise ukuziphatha kwazo okuyisici. Ngaphandle kwelabhorethri, ayikho indlela elula yokusebenzisa amandla kazibuthe, ngakho kwakunzima ukwazi ukuthi izinyoni zithembele yini kwezinye izindlela zokuma kwazo, njengokuma kweLanga esibhakabhakeni.
Ngama-1970s
Ngemva kokuba amajuba eqale ukubuyela ekhaya ngokungaguquki kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sezulu sinjani, ososayensi bawagqokisa izigqoko zemfashini. Bafaka amakhoyili amabhethri ejuba ngalinye - ikhoyili eyodwa yazungeza intamo yenyoni njengokhololo, kanti enye inamatheliswe ekhanda layo. Amakhoyili asetshenziswa ukushintsha amandla kazibuthe azungeze inyoni.
Ngezinsuku ezinelanga, ukuba khona kwamanje kumakhoyili kwakunomthelela omncane ezinyonini. Kodwa esimweni sezulu esiguqubele, izinyoni zazindiza zibheke endlini noma zisuke kuyo, kuye ngokuthi iqonde ngakuphi amandla kazibuthe. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi esimweni sezulu esicacile amajuba azulazula elangeni, futhi ngezinsuku ezinamafu asebenzisa kakhulu amandla kazibuthe oMhlaba. UWalcott noGreen
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, uJulius Gustav Neubronner wasebenzisa amajuba namakhamera ukuze athwebule izithombe zasemoyeni.
Ucwaningo olwengeziwe kanye nokuhlola kuye kwasiza ukucacisa inkolelo-mbono ye-magnetoreception, kodwa kuze kube manje akekho oye wakwazi ukukhomba lapho ama-magnetoreceptors ezinyoni atholakala khona. Ngo-2002, Vilchko nethimba lakhe
Umbono wesibili kwakuwuqhwakuβikakhulukazi, insimbi phezu koqhwaku lwezinye izinyoni. Lo mbono waphinde wenqatshwa ngo-2012, lapho ithimba lososayensi
Ngenhlanhla kulabo abafuna ukudala "ijuba", ukuqonda ukuthi izinyoni ziyazi kanjani isiqondiso sokundiza akubalulekile. Badinga nje ukuqeqeshelwa ukundiza phakathi kwamaphuzu amabili. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-stimulus ehlolwe isikhathi ngendlela yokudla. Uma uphakela amajuba endaweni eyodwa futhi uwagcine kwenye, ungawafundisa ukundiza ngalo mzila. Kungenzeka futhi ukuqeqesha amajuba ukuthi abuyele ekhaya esuka ezindaweni ezingajwayelekile. IN
Ngekhulu le-XNUMX, amajuba ayethwala imiyalezo epakishwe ngamashubhu amancane eboshelwe emilenzeni yawo. Phakathi kwemizila evamile kwakunendlela esuka esiqhingini eya edolobheni elisezwekazini, ukusuka edolobhaneni ukuya enkabeni yedolobha, nakwezinye izindawo lapho izintambo zocingo zazingakafiki khona.
Ijuba elilodwa lingathwala inani elilinganiselwe lemiyalezo evamileβalinawo amandla okuthwala endiza ezindizayo yase-Amazon. Kodwa ukusungulwa kwefilimu encane ngeminyaka yawo-1850 ngumthwebuli wezithombe waseFrance uRenΓ© Dagron kwavumela inyoni eyodwa ukuthi iphathe amagama amaningi, ngisho nezithombe.
Cishe eminyakeni eyishumi ngemva kokusungulwa, lapho iParis yayivinjezelwe ngesikhathi
Ekhulwini lama-XNUMX, ukwethembeka kokukhulumisana okuvamile ngeposi, ngocingo nangocingo kwakhula, futhi amajuba kancane kancane athuthela endaweni yokuzilibazisa nezidingo ezikhethekile, aba isifundo solwazi olungavamile.
Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nawo-1990 inkampani
Ummeleli wenkampani wathi izinyoni zaba nesikhathi esinzima ngokushintshela kubuchwepheshe bedijithali. Ephethe amakhadi e-SD esikhundleni samafilimu, ayevame ukundizela ehlathini kunokuba abuyele e-dovecote, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi impahla yawo yayilula kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho bonke abavakashi bethola kancane kancane ama-smartphones, inkampani kwadingeka ihoxise amajuba,
Futhi ukubuka kwami ββkonke okufushane kwemiyalezo yejuba bekungeke kuphelele ngaphandle kokukhuluma nge-RFC David Weitzman ethunyelwe kuMkhandlu Wobunjiniyela Be-inthanethi ngo-Ephreli 1, 1990.
Ezivivinyweni zangempela zokuphila ze-IPoAC protocol e-Australia, eNingizimu Afrika nase-Britain, izinyoni zaqhudelana nezokuxhumana zendawo, ikhwalithi yazo kwezinye izindawo yashiya ingathandeki. Ekugcineni, izinyoni zanqoba. Njengoba esesebenze njengendlela yokudlulisela imiyalezo izinkulungwane zeminyaka, amajuba asaqhubeka nanamuhla.
Source: www.habr.com