Ingqungquthela yesithathu ibingoDisemba 7 , ehlelwe umphakathi waseMoscow DevOps ngokusekelwa yi-Mail.ru Cloud Solutions. Ngokungeziwe ezethulweni zabasebenzi abaholayo be-DevOps, ababambiqhaza bangathamela izinkulumo ezimfushane ezikhuthazayo zombani, ama-workshops futhi baxhumane ezindaweni ezivulekile.
Siqoqe imininingwane ebalulekile enkulumweni eziyisithupha futhi senza izingxoxo nezikhulumi eziningi ukuze sithole ukuthi yini eyayisele ngemuva kwemibiko.
Ngaphakathi:
- UBaruch Sadogursky, JFrog: “Vumela isoftware isuke kumthengisi iye kumsebenzisi njengoketshezi”
- UPavel Selivanov, eSouthbridge: "I-Dev ne-Ops inomsebenzi owodwa ofanayo - ukwenza umkhiqizo osebenzayo"
- UVladimir Utratenko, X5 Retail Group: "I-DevOps in Enterprise intuthuko ngaphandle kobuhlungu nemililo"
- USergey Puzyrev, Facebook: "Unjiniyela Wokukhiqiza uyayikhathalela insiza iyonke: ukuze abasebenzisi nabathuthukisi babe nesikhathi esimnandi"
- UMikhail Chinkov, AMBOSS: "Umnyango owodwa awukwazi ukulandela indlela ye-DevOps, inkampani yonke kufanele iyilandele"
- Abathandi be-DevOps be-Rosbank: "Izinsuku ezingu-1000 zokuqalisa i-DevOps ebhizinisini elinegazi"
1. U-Baruch Sadogursky, JFrog: “Vumela isofthiwe isuke kumthengisi iye kumsebenzisi njengoketshezi”
Ukuhluleka kokubuyekezwa kwesofthiwe kwenzeka njalo ngehora futhi kuwo wonke umuntu. Nansi indaba eyodwa nje ethusayo enkulumweni: I-Knight Capital ilahlekelwe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-440 ngehora ngemva kwesibuyekezo esingaphumelelanga.
UBharuki ukhulume ngamaphethini we-DevOps wezibuyekezo eziqhubekayo ezizosiza ukugwema ukwehluleka kanye nenzondo yabasebenzisi:
Ukubuyisela emuva kwendawo — gcina inguqulo yangaphambilini yesofthiwe kudivayisi yakho ukuze ibuyele emuva uma kwenzeka okuthile. Lokhu kuzokuvikela uma izinto ziba zimbi kangangokuthi awukwazi ukuthumela isiqeshana emoyeni.
Izibuyekezo zomoya - kangcono okuqhubekayo. Uma kungenjalo, kuzofana nabathuthukisi beJaguar: ngenxa yesiphazamisi ohlelweni lwamabhuleki, olungakwazi ukubuyekezwa emoyeni, izimoto kwadingeka zikhunjulwe ekuthengisweni. Kwakubuhlungu futhi kubiza.
Izibuyekezo eziqhubekayo - buyekeza isofthiwe ngokuqhubekayo ngokushesha nje lapho isici esisha sesilungile. Ngezibuyekezo ezingavamile, izici zihlanganiswa ndawonye; isibuyekezo esibalulekile singalinda ezingabalulekile. NjengakuTesla, isibuyekezo obekufanele silungise ukubhuleka okungahleliwe besilinde ukubuyekezwa komdlalo we-chess.
Ukuthunyelwa okuzenzakalelayo - shintsha abantu ngemishini, ngoba abantu ababi ekwenzeni izinto ezijwayelekile.
Izibuyekezo ezivamile - kukusiza ukuba uhlakulele umkhuba futhi uqede ukwesaba. Izibuyekezo ezingavamile ziphenduka izehlakalo eziphuthumayo.
Ukwazi isimo somshini - izibuyekezo zokuhlola, hhayi ukufakwa kusukela ekuqaleni. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba izibuyekezo zingaziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kuye ngesimo sedivayisi.
Ukukhishwa kwe-Canary - khipha izibuyekezo enanini elincane labasebenzisi futhi ubheke. Lokhu kunciphisa umonakalo uma kukhona okungahambi kahle.
Izibuyekezo ngaphandle kokungatholakali — vumela amakhasimende aqaphele izici ezintsha kuphela, futhi angashiywa ngaphandle kwesevisi amasonto ambalwa ngenkathi ukhipha isibuyekezo.
Sixoxe noBaruch Sadogursky mayelana nokuthi umbono ku-DevOps uhluke kanjani ku-Russian neWestern IT, ukuthi i-Cloud izosenzela yonke into maduze nokuthi zonke izinsiza zesoftware zizongena ohlelweni lwe-aaS - bukela inhlolokhono:
2. UPavel Selivanov, eSouthbridge: “I-Dev ne-Ops inomsebenzi owodwa ofanayo - ukwenza umkhiqizo osebenzayo”
Ukusebenzisa i-Kubernetes ngeke kusize ukufeza i-DevOps, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho, kungaphula yonke into. UPavel uchaze ukuthi kungani ubuchwepheshe (ngisho nobubanda kakhulu) bungakwazi ukuxazulula zonke izinkinga zakho:
Ubunkimbinkimbi bephrojekthi budlulele ngale kwekhodi. Ngaphambilini, kwakukhona isicelo esiyinkimbinkimbi: ukusebenzisana ngaphakathi kwephrojekthi kanye nentuthuko eyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa isakhiwo esilula - umlawuli usithumele, konke kuyasebenza. Sithuthele kuma-microservices: insizakalo ngayinye iyisicelo esilula, ukuxhumana kusetshenziswa izivumelwano ezijwayelekile kanye nentuthuko esheshayo, kodwa isakhiwo sephrojekthi sesiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ubunkimbinkimbi bephrojekthi ene-microservice architecture ayikasuki - idlulele ngale kwekhodi. Manje unjiniyela we-DevOps unesibopho ngakho.
Onjiniyela abafuni izinguquko ngemuva kokusebenzisa i-DevOps. Ngenxa yalokho, ukugeleza komsebenzi no-Kubernetes kuyaqhubeka kubukeka njengokuphonsa imisebenzi kusuka ku-Dev kuya ku-Ops phezu kodonga, hhayi nje okungokomfanekiso - I-Git iba udonga olunjalo. Umthuthukisi ubeka ikhodi lapho futhi asebenze njengangaphambili, futhi abaphathi bane-Kubernetes, CI/CD nakho konke okunye.
Nokho, onjiniyela badinga ukwamukela izinguquko. Isimo lapho onjiniyela bengazi ukuthi abalawuli benzani, futhi abalawuli abazi ukuthi kwenzekani ngonjiniyela, sidala izinkinga.
Uma kungekho okushintshile kubathuthukisi, abaqapheli ukuthi ukusebenza kwesicelo kungumthwalo wabo wemfanelo - amaqhinga ahlukahlukene ezobuchwepheshe ngeke asebenze.
Ngokufika kwe-DevOps ne-Kubernetes, kuningi okuzoshintsha ekuthuthukisweni. Ama-Devs kufanele abe nekhono ku-Ops futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Laba chwepheshe banamakhono abo akhethekile, kodwa kufanele baqaphele umsebenzi womunye nomunye. I-Dev ne-Ops idinga ukuba abangani ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-Kubernetes, ngaphandle kwalokho uzokwephula onakho.
U-Pavel Selivanov ukhulume ngokuzokwenzeka ku-Kubernetes eminyakeni emi-5 nokuthi isiqalo sesimanje kufanele sakhe isitaki sobuchwepheshe kuso - bukela inhlolokhono:
3. U-Vladimir Utratenko, I-X5 Retail Group: “I-DevOps ku-Enterprise intuthuko engenabuhlungu nemililo”
Izinkampani ziza kunguquko ye-DevOps lapho zibona ukuthi intuthuko ihamba kancane futhi ayihlangabezani namaqiniso, zinesifiso sokuthuthuka kangcono futhi zikhishwe ngokushesha.
UVladimir wachaza ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani nokuthi kuyini ukubamba:
- Okokuqala, izinkampani ziqasha unjiniyela we-DevOps. Lona nguMqondisi Wesistimu Omkhulu, uhileleke ekuthumeleni ukukhululwa ekukhiqizeni, ukumisa indawo yokuthuthukiswa, ukumisa ingqalasizinda, ukuthola nokulungisa izinkinga ezihlukahlukene, izinqubo zokuzenzakalela kanye neminye imisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe.
- Bese kuba unjiniyela oyedwa we-DevOps akasaneli, futhi inkampani iqasha ithimba le-DevOps. Lesi yisikhungo samakhono esihlela imizamo yonjiniyela abahlukene futhi sibavumele ukuthi bagxile ohlangothini olulodwa.
- Eqinisweni, unjiniyela we-DevOps namaqembu e-DevOps angamaphethini aphikisana nokuguqulwa kwe-DevOps. Njengoba i-DevOps imayelana nemikhuba namasiko, ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukusetshenziswa kwe-DevOps ezinkampanini zobuchwepheshe (SRE, Production Engineering).
Okufanele ngikwenze? Qasha ithimba lesikhashana le-DevOps elizosiza ukwenza uguquko lwe-DevOps, lenze izinqubo, lihlakulele isiko lokuthuthuka nesiko lobuchwepheshe.
Uma ibhizinisi liqala ukudlala futhi litshala imali ku-DevOps, izimo ezimbalwa zingenzeka: yonke into izohlukana lapho isuka; izohlala njenge-SRE/Production Engineering noma i-Embedded Ops; izothuthela ku-BizOps, lapho izinqubo zisuselwe kumamethrikhi ebhizinisi.
U-Vladimir Utratenko usitshele ngokuthi i-DevOps “inegazi” kangakanani ebhizinisini nokuthi izinqubo zenziwa kanjani phakathi kwezitolo ezinkulu - bukela inhlolokhono:
4. U-Sergey Puzyrev, Facebook: “Unjiniyela Wokukhiqiza uyayikhathalela insiza iyonke: ukuze abasebenzisi nabathuthukisi babe nesikhathi esimnandi”
I-Facebook yinkampani enkulu, enenani elikhulu lezingxenye, amaseva, abantu, nezikhungo zedatha. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obukhulu, iyashesha kakhulu - abathuthukisi bangakhipha izinsizakalo izikhathi eziningi ngosuku. Futhi, i-Facebook ikhula ngokushesha, futhi akuyona nje inombolo yabasebenzisi namaseva akhulayo, inani labathuthukisi liyanda, okwenza izinqubo zibe nzima nakakhulu.
USergey utshele okwenziwa unjiniyela Wokukhiqiza kuFacebook:
- Unjiniyela Wokukhiqiza amakhodi amaningi, kufanele abe nolwazi lwesistimu: izinhlelo zokusebenza, amasistimu wefayela, imininingwane yolwazi, amanethiwekhi nokunye okunjalo. Kufanele ube nesipiliyoni sokusebenza nezinhlelo ezisabalalisiwe kanye nobunjiniyela bokuthembeka, okungukuthi, ukusekela ukuthembeka komkhiqizo. Kufanele ibe ocingweni, okungukuthi, itholakalele ukushaya noma nini.
- Unjiniyela Wokukhiqiza wehlukile Konjiniyela Wesoftware ngokuba namakhono athuthukile ekusebenzeni, kepha, empeleni, uluhlobo olungaphansi lweSoftware Engineer. Amakhodi Onjiniyela Besofthiwe ngaphezulu; bangase babe namakhono engeziwe ahlobene, isibonelo, ekucutshungulweni kwedatha. Ku-Facebook, ochwepheshe abanjalo kumele nabo babekhona, okufika njengokumangala okungajabulisi kwabaningi.
- Iphiramidi yezidingo Zonjiniyela Wokukhiqiza enkampanini iqala ngamaseva okuqapha kanye nomjikelezo wabo wempilo, okungukuthi, ukuthola ihadiwe entsha, ukuyibeka, ukuyibeka ekusebenzeni. Izinga elilandelayo liyafana ezingeni lesevisi: izinsizakalo zokuqapha kanye nomjikelezo wabo wokuphila. Bese kuza ukukala okungenamthungo nokuqapha okuthuthukile. Bashintshela ku-autoscaling ngemva kokuthi umjikelezo wempilo yesevisi uzenzekele. Futhi ekugcineni, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukulungisa ukuze ukukala kusebenze futhi inkampani yonge imali nezinsiza.
5. U-Mikhail Chinkov, i-AMBOSS: “Umnyango owodwa awukwazi ukulandela indlela ye-DevOps, inkampani yonke kufanele iyilandele”
UMikhail ukholelwa ukuthi i-DevOps iyintuthuko eqhubekayo. Awukwazi ukwethula amanye amathuluzi bese ume lapho. Yiziphi izinkinga ezivimbela izinkampani ukuthi zibe ama-DevOps nokuthi zingayenza kanjani imikhuba?
Umehluko ekuqondeni i-DevOps. Ama-canonical devops, njengoba abavangeli bewabona, ancike ezinsikeni ezi-5:
- isiko - ukugxila kubantu nokusebenzisana;
- i-automation - ukudluliselwa kwesimiso ekuhambeni komsebenzi;
- ukuncika - ukugcizelela ekuletheni inani kumsebenzisi;
- ukwabelana - ukushintshana kolwazi okuqhubekayo;
- amamethrikhi nokwamukela impendulo ngokuwasebenzisa.
Izinkampani zivame ukugxila kuphela ku-automation kanye nokuletha inani kumsebenzisi. Kodwa isiko, ukwabelana ngolwazi, namamethrikhi e-DevOps okulandelela intuthuko afiphala ngemuva.
Izinselelo Zokumiswa Kwe-DevOps. Imigomo yomkhiqizo ihlukile kuzo zonke izinkampani futhi ayikwazi ukumiswa. Isimo se-DevOps enkampanini sincike enkampanini ngokwayo, kodwa abaningi abakuqondi lokhu futhi bakholelwa ukuthi kwanele ukuqasha unjiniyela we-DevOps.
Kungani singakabi yi-DevOps okwamanje? Kunezinkinga ezimbili ezibalulekile. Ebhizinisini kukhona ukuthuthukiswa kancane kwenhlangano, ubunzima ngokushintsha i-vector emiqondweni yezinkulungwane zabasebenzi. Ekuqaliseni, kukhona ukushoda kwemithombo yolwazi kanye nenkinga yokwaba izinsiza zoguquko.
Izigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwe-DevOps enkampanini:
- eyokuqala ingqalasizinda efwini, kodwa akekho owaziyo ukuthi isebenza kanjani ngaphandle komqondisi oyedwa noma ababili;
- okwesibili, ingqalasizinda isobala futhi iyaqondakala kubo bonke onjiniyela, kodwa izinqubo azihlelwanga;
- okwesithathu - onjiniyela bethula ngokuzimela futhi balungise izinsiza ezibukhoma;
- okwesine - onjiniyela bazofaka isandla ngokuzithandela kwingqalasizinda eyinhloko, ikhodi esobala emafini, ukuthunyelwa ngenkinobho.
Uhlelo oluhle ukuthi wonke umuntu unokufinyelela okufanayo kwingqalasizinda, bonke onjiniyela bayakwazi ukufinyelela umkhiqizo futhi bayakuqonda abakwenzayo.
Ngemva kokuvala wonke ama-gestalts amasiko nezobuchwepheshe, ukuguqulwa kwe-DevOps yenkampani kuzocabangela impendulo evela kumamethrikhi ebhizinisi nawenkundla.
6. Abashisekeli be-DevOps be-Rosbank: “Izinsuku ezingu-1000 zokuqalisa i-DevOps ebhizinisini elinegazi”
U-Yuri Bulich, u-Dina Maltseva, u-Evgeny Pankov waseRosbank utshele ukuthi beza kanjani ku-DevOps eminyakeni emithathu. Bekunezinhloso ezimbili: ukuxazulula izinkinga ezithile emaqenjini athile nokusebenzisa amathuluzi amaphakathi.
Nansi imiphumela ezuziwe:
Imiphumela Yamaqembu Omkhiqizo: Ukuhlanganiswa okusheshayo izikhathi ezingu-30, ukufakwa ngokushesha izikhathi ezingu-6, ukonga kufika ku-30% emjikelezweni ogcwele. Manje sesinamandla okucindezela inkinobho ukuya ekukhiqizeni
Imiphumela yemiyalo yesikhulumi: Ukuhlanganiswa nokufakwa ngokushesha okuphindwe izikhathi eziyi-10, inani le-87% lenyuke lokufakwa, ukufakwa kwe-autotest okungu-46%. Ithimba lokuhlanganisa aliselona ibhodlela
Ngakho-ke, ungayisebenzisa kanjani imikhuba ye-DevOps ebhizinisini elinegazi?
Okokuqala sebenzisa iphrojekthi yokuhlola: Khetha amaqembu, nquma ukuthi uzosebenzisa kanjani izakhiwo, bese ukhetha amathuluzi. Sikhethe amathuluzi anelayisensi evuliwe, anokufakwa ebhange kanye nekhono lokusebenza nawo. I-Rosbank ngesikhathi esifanayo ikhiphe ifu eliyimfihlo kanye nenkundla ye-DevOps, futhi lokhu kwasiza ekuqaleni. Efwini, kwakungenzeka ukuthola izinsiza ezidingekayo ekuthinteni inkinobho ngemizuzu engu-15 ngaphambili, inqubo enjalo ingathatha isonto.
Emabhange nakwamanye amabhizinisi, kuyadingeka ukwenza imikhawulo kusenesikhathi nethimba lezokuphepha kolwazi futhi kutholwe isisombululo esizovumela ukuthi izinguquko zenziwe.
Ngemva kokuhlolwa, isixazululo esiphumelelayo sidinga ukukhuliswa.
- Kubalulekile "ukuqondisa" ipayipi ngangokunokwenzeka, ukususa izixhumanisi ezingadingekile kulo, ukugqamisa abahlinzeki benani, nokukhipha izingxenye ezisele. Abaphakathi bangama-antipattern. Isibonelo, e-Rosbank, amaqembu amaningi awazange athuthukise ukuthuthukiswa kwangaphakathi, ashiye ukuthuthukiswa kwangaphandle kuphela. Lokhu kuholele ekuveleni kwethimba le-DevOps elizinikele, eliqinisekise ukudluliswa kwekhodi kusuka kubathuthukisi bangaphandle kuya kwabangaphakathi. Inkinga yaxazululwa ngokuhlanganisa intuthuko yangaphandle ku-CI/CD, ukuze bangagcini nje ngokudlulisela ikhodi kubo ngokwabo ebhange, kodwa babe nesibopho sokuphumelela kwayo.
- Imodeli yokuvuthwa yayihlanganisa izici zezinqubo ze-DevOps, amathuluzi asohlwini, futhi yacabangela izici zokusebenza nabahlinzeki bangaphandle - ngokuzayo, lokhu kwasiza ukwehlisa ngokushesha ukusalela emuva kwemisebenzi lapho isetshenziswa emaqenjini amasha.
- Sidinga ukuBusa ngendlela yokulawula okuthambile nezincomo. I-DevOps Handbook esebenza kahle iyisethi yezimpawu zenhlangano nezamathuluzi ezisiza amaqembu ukuthi asebenzise inkundla ngendlela efanele.
- Kufanele ngokushesha unake isiko, khona-ke izinguquko eziningi zizokwenzeka ngokushesha futhi kulula. Khulisa umphakathi wakho wangaphakathi, yenza imihlangano, ama-workshops obuchwepheshe, ukuqeqeshwa, nemisebenzi ejabulisayo. Lokhu kuthela izithelo: abantu babelana ngemikhuba, babone ukuthi ubani owenze ini, bazi ukuthi bazophendukela kuphi, kukhona ukuxokozela nokuncintisana okunempilo enkampanini.
- Asikho isidingo sokusebenzisana nalabo abangabambeki kulolu hlelo, namaqembu angakavuthwa, kungcono ukutshala imali emaqenjini anentshisekelo nakubantu abaqotho.
- Isixazululo esikhethiwe kufanele sibe lula kulabo onjiniyela abasisebenzisayo.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwangaphandle akusona isivimbeli; imikhuba nayo ingenziwa lapho, into esemqoka ukuthi iqembu ngokwalo linesifiso.
Inzuzo encane eyengeziwe
Uhlu lwezincwadi okufanele zifundwe kulabo abaku-DevOps, ezivela ku-Alexander Chistyakov, vdsina.ru:
- U-Irina Yakutenko "Intando nokuzithiba."
- Daniel Kahneman "Ukucabanga, Fast and Slow".
- UBarbara Oakley "Ingqondo Yezinombolo".
- UMaxim Dorofeev "Izindlela zeJedi".
- UViktor Frankl "Ukufuna Kwendoda Incazelo".
Hlala ubukele
Sithanda i-DevOps futhi. Landela izimemezelo zochungechunge kanye @Kubernetes, kanye neminye imicimbi ye-Mail.ru Cloud Solutions, esiteshini sethu seTelegram:
Source: www.habr.com
