I-Ontology yethula Isendlalelo sesi-2, esinikela kunkundla yochungechunge yomphakathi ebanzi

Isibikezelo

Cabanga ngesimo lapho inkundla ye-blockchain ithuthuka ngokushesha futhi nenani labasebenzisi likhula ngokushesha libe ngamashumi ezigidi, okubangela izindleko ezihambisanayo ukuthi zenyuke ngokushesha nje. Imaphi amasu adingekayo kulesi sigaba ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kahle ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ijubane lokuthuthukiswa ngenxa yezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokugunyaza nokuqinisekisa? Njengoba amabhizinisi amaningi angavuma, ukulinganisa kufanele kube okuhamba phambili.

Njengobuchwepheshe bokukala be-off-chain, i-Ontology Layer 2 inikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu namanani aphansi. Amabhizinisi angagcina ngokuphephile izinombolo ezinkulu zamarekhodi okwenziwa ngaphandle kochungechunge bese ewadlulisela kuchungechunge lapho edinga ukuxhumana, ehlise izindleko zomsebenzisi futhi akhulise umkhiqizo ngendlela emangalisayo.

Isingeniso

Njengoba kuchaziwe kumephu yomgwaqo i-Aristotle 2020, uma ihlanganiswa ne-cross-chain Ontology, i-Wasm-JIT, i-Multi-VM nobunye ubuchwepheshe obuphambili obuphambili, i-Ontology Layer 2 manje ikhombisa ukusebenza okungcono kunezinye izixazululo ze-Layer 2. Lokhu kubonakala ngezindleko zayo eziphansi ukugcinwa, ukusekelwa ngezilimi eziningi kanye nokuhambisana okugcwele phakathi kwezinguqulo zokuhlaziya nokwenza. Nika amandla izinkontileka zokusebenzisa ukuze zisebenzisane ngaphandle komthungo, njengokusebenzisa amasistimu okusebenza abonakalayo amaningi emshinini owodwa, ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle nokunciphisa izindleko zokucubungula.

Ukuhamba komsebenzi

I-Level 2 Ontology inezingxenye ezi-3 eziphambili: Idiphozithi ye-Ontology kuLevel 2, i-Level 2 ehoxiswayo ku-Ontology, i-Level 2 transactions kanye nesiqinisekiso sokuphepha.

Esikhungweni sokuhweba seLeveli 2, abasebenzisi bangenza imisebenzi, benze izicelo zenkontileka, futhi basayine izinkontileka. Lokhu okwenziwayo kungase kufane nefomethi ye-Ontology main chain transaction noma kungase kuhluke. Abaqoqi bokwenziwe (okuthiwa "Abaqoqi") banesibopho sokuqoqa imisebenzi Yezinga 2 lomsebenzisi. Kungase kube nabaqoqi abaningi kuyo yonke inqubo. Abasebenzisi bangasakaza futhi okwenziwayo kweLeveli 2 kubaqoqi abaningi.

Umqoqi ngezikhathi ezithile wayeqoqa okwenziwayo Kwesendlalelo 2 futhi akuqalise ukuze adale isimo esisha. Umqoqi futhi unesibopho sokudlulisa umsuka wombuso omusha ochungechungeni oluyinhloko lwe-Ontology. Uma ukuthengiselana okupakishwe ku-Level 2 block sekwenziwe, impande yesifunda esisha iba yisimo sebhulokhi Yezinga 2. I-Challenger inomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqinisekisa isimo sebhulokhi Yezinga 2 elithunyelwe nguMqoqi kuchungechunge oluyinhloko lwe-Ontology. Lokhu kudinga i-Challenger ukuthi ivumelanise ibhulokhi Yesendlalelo sesi-2 ngoMqoqi ukuze kugcinwe isimo somhlaba esigcwele.

ISIQINISEKISO SE-AKHAWUNTI SIHLANGANISA ULWAZI LWESIMO SE-AKHAWUNTI KANYE NESIQINISEKISO SASO, ENGATHOLAKALA KUMQOQI KANYE NEZICELO ZOMSHAYELI. KUPHELA ABAGCINA ISIMO ESIPHELELE SOMHLABA.

Idiphozithi kuLeveli 2

1. Okokuqala, umsebenzisi wenza umsebenzi “wediphozithi” ochungechungeni oluyinhloko lwe-Ontology. Inkontileka yochungechunge oluyinhloko ivimba izimali zediphozi yomsebenzisi futhi ilungisa isimo salesi sikhwama kuLeveli 2. Njengamanje, isimo “asikakhululwa”.
2. Umqoqi ube esetshelwa ukuthi kusalindwe ukuthengiselana kweDiphozithi ochungechungeni oluyinhloko lwe-Ontology. Umqoqi uzoshintsha isimo saso ezingeni 2 ngokuya ngokusebenza kwediphozithi. I-Faucet ibe ingeza i-Deposit ukuze ikhulule okwenziwayo futhi ikupakishe kanye nokunye ukuthengiselana komsebenzisi ibe ibhulokhi ye-Level 2. Lapho isimo se-Level 2 block sifinyelela ochungechungeni oluyinhloko lwe-Ontology, yazisa uhlelo ukuthi idiphozithi isikhishiwe.
3. Inkontileka yochungechunge oluyinhloko yenza umsebenzi wokukhishwa kwediphozi futhi ishintsha isimo sesikhwama sediphozithi "sikhululwe".

Imiphumela evela ku-Ontology

1. Umsebenzisi udala okwenziwayo "Ukuhoxiswa" kweLeveli 2 futhi akuthumele kumpompi.
2. Umqoqi ulungisa isimo saso ngokuya nge-Hoxisa futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo aphakeza umsebenzi Wokuhoxiswa kanye nokunye okwenziwe komsebenzisi ndawonye kube ibhulokhi Yezinga 2. Lapho kuthunyelwa isimo sebhulokhi Yezinga 2 ochungechungeni oluyinhloko lwe-Ontology, isicelo Sokukhipha sizothunyelwa.
3. Inkontileka yochungechunge oluyinhloko yenza isicelo sokuhoxiswa, ibhalisa irekhodi lesikhwama futhi ibeka isimo sokuthi "ayikhululwa".
4. Ngemva kokuqinisekisa isimo, umsebenzisi uhambisa isicelo sokuhoxisa imali ku-akhawunti.
5. Inkontileka ye-chain eyinhloko igcwalisa isicelo sokuhoxiswa ku-akhawunti, idlulisela izimali ku-akhawunti eqondiwe futhi ibeka irekhodi lokuhoxiswa "kukhishwe".

Izinga 2 Okwenziwayo Nokuphepha

Izinga lesi-2 lezentengiselwano

1. Umsebenzisi udala umsebenzi othi "Dlulisa" Wezinga 2 futhi awuthumele kumqoqi.
2. Umqoqi upakisha okwenziwayo kokudlulisa nokunye ukuthengiselana abe yibhulokhi Yesendlalelo 2, enze ukuthengiselana ebhulokhini, futhi adlulisele isimo salelo bhulokhi Yesendlalelo sesi-2 ochungechungeni oluyinhloko lwe-Ontology.
3. Linda ukuthi isimo siqinisekiswe.

Isiqinisekiso sokuphepha

Ngemva kokuba i-Operator ithumele i-block state ye-Level 2 kuchungechunge oluyinhloko lwe-Ontology, i-Challenger ingakwazi futhi ukwenza i-Level 2 block transaction futhi iqinisekise ukuthi isimo sebhulokhi ye-Level 2 silungile. Uma kukhona okungalungile, uMphikisi uzoqoqa ubufakazi bokukhwabanisa futhi hambisa inkontileka ehlakaniphile Yezinga 2. ukuze uphonsele inselelo Umsebenzisi.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani

I-Level 2 Ontology okwamanje iyatholakala ku-Ontology TestNet ukuze onjiniyela bazame ngayo.

Izikhombo

Izikhombo ukuze kubhalwe phansi

Esihlokweni esilandelayo sizokwethula ukuqhathanisa kokusebenza okuningiliziwe ne-Layer 2 kwamanye amaketanga.

Isithasiselo: Imigomo

Izinga lesi-2 lezentengiselwano

Umsebenzisi wenze isicelo sokudlulisa noma sokwenza inkontileka kuLeveli 2 futhi useyisayinile kakade. Lokhu okwenziwayo kungase kufane nefomethi ye-Ontology main chain transaction noma kungase kuhluke.

Umqoqi

Umqoqi ungumqoqi wokwenziwe weLeveli 2. Unomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqoqa okwenziwayo kuLeveli 2 yomsebenzisi, aqinisekise futhi enze okwenziwayo. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho kukhiqizwa ibhulokhi Yesendlalelo 2, umqoqi unesibopho sokwenza imisebenzi kubhulokhi, abuyekeze isimo, futhi akhiqize izinkontileka Zesendlalelo 2, ezingahunyushwa njengobufakazi besimo esisetshenziselwa izinjongo zokuphepha.

Ibhulokhi yezinga lesi-2

Umqoqi ngezikhathi ezithile uhlanganisa amaphakheji aqoqwe okwenziwa kweLeveli 2, akhiqize ibhulokhi equkethe zonke izinkokhelo zeLeveli 2, futhi akhiqize ibhulokhi Yezinga lesi-2 elisha.

Isimo sezinga lesi-2

Umqoqi wenza imisebenzi yenqwaba Kusendlalelo 2, ubuyekeza isimo, uhlela yonke idatha yesimo ebuyekeziwe ukuze akhe isihlahla se-Merkle, futhi ubala impande ye-hashi yesihlahla se-Merkle. I-root hashi yisimo sebhulokhi Yezinga lesi-2.

Umsebenzi

Umsebenzisi uyisikhulu sezokuphepha se-Layer 2 futhi unesibopho sokuqapha ukuthi ingabe ukudluliselwa kwethokheni ku-Layer 2 noma umsebenzi wokudlulisa amathokheni usuka ku-Layer 2 ukuya ochungechungeni oluyinhloko lwe-Ontology kwenzeka. Umsebenzisi futhi unesibopho sokuthumela ngezikhathi ezithile ukuqinisekiswa kwesimo sezinga 2. Ungazulazula uye kunethiwekhi ye-Ontology njengokuqinisekisa.

Umngenisi

Umfakisicelo unomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqinisekisa ukuqinisekiswa kwesimo esilethwe ngu-Opharetha ochungechungeni oluyinhloko lwe-Ontology. Lokhu kudinga umhlaseli ukuthi avumelanise ukwenzeka kwe-Layer 2 kusuka ku-opharetha noma uchungechunge ukuze kugcinwe isimo somhlaba esigcwele. Uma i-Challenger iqeda ngokuvumelanisa okwenziwayo futhi ibuyekeza isimo, ingaqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwesiqiniseko sesimo esihlinzekwa ngu-Operator kunethiwekhi. Uma kunezinkinga, Umfakisicelo angadala inselele yobufakazi bokukhwabanisa, engachazwa ngenkontileka Yezinga lesi-2.

Ukuqinisekiswa Kwesimo Se-akhawunti

Kuzuzwe ngobufakazi be-Merkle, ukuqinisekiswa kwesimo se-akhawunti kungatholwa kuma-Operators nama-Challenger. Iwona kuphela amaqembu agcina isimo somhlaba wonke esigcwele.

Ubufakazi bokukhwabanisa

Ukuqinisekiswa komgunyathi kuhlanganisa ukuqinisekiswa kwesimo se-akhawunti ngaphambi kokubuyekezwa kwamanje kwebhulokhi Yezinga lesi-2.

Isitifiketi sezinga lesi-2 sangaphambilini se-block kanye nesitifiketi sesimo se-akhawunti ethunyelwe siqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwezwe elidala ngaphambi kokubuyekezwa. Ubufakazi bokuthi isimo esidala sisemthethweni bungatholakala ngokusebenzisa ibhulokhi yamanje.

I-blockchain egxile ebhizinisini i-Ontology isilungele ukusiza amabhizinisi aguqule futhi enze amabhizinisi abo abesimanje. Uma unezinkinga ngokulinganisa okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, imishini ebonakalayo, noma isethi ephelele yamasistimu obuchwepheshe, sicela usithinte ku- [i-imeyili ivikelwe].

Funda kabanzi mayelana no Ontology

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Source: www.habr.com