🥇VuliweLinux njengengxenye yamamojula e-SIM7600E-H

Indlela yokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza olungokwezifiso nokululayisha kumojuli iyatholakala ngaphansi kokubili kohlelo lokusebenza Linux, futhi WindowsKulesi sihloko, sizobheka ngokuningiliziwe indlela yokusebenzisa izibonelo ezivela ku-SDK enikeziwe I-SIMCom Wireless Solutions hlanganisa futhi ulayishe uhlelo lokusebenza olungokwezifiso lube yimojuli.

Ngaphambi kokubhala lesi sihloko, omunye wabangane bami, okude kakhulu nokuthuthukiswa kwe- Linux, ucele incazelo eningiliziwe yenqubo yokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza olungokwezifiso lwemodyuli ye-SIM7600E-H. Umgomo wokuhlola ukufinyeleleka kwesethulo kwakuyisisho esithi "ukuze ngiqonde."

Ngiyakumema ukuba ujwayelane nokwenzekile.

I-athikili yengezwa njalo futhi ibuyekezwa

Yethula

Ngokuvamile, amamojula eselula asetshenziselwa kuphela ukudluliselwa kwedatha, izingcingo zezwi, imiyalezo ye-SMS, nokunye okunjalo. Konke lokhu kufezwa ngemiyalo ye-AT ethunyelwe kusuka ku-microcontroller yokulawula yangaphandle. Kodwa-ke, kunesigaba samamojula avumela ukwenziwa kwekhodi yomsebenzisi elayishwe ngaphandle. Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko eziphelele zedivayisi, okuvumela ukufakwa kwe-microcontroller elula (futhi engabizi ngokulinganayo) ebhodini, noma ukuyisusa ngokuphelele. Ngokufika kwamamojula e-LTE alawulwa yi-OS. Android noma Linux Ngezinsiza zabo ezinamandla, ungakwazi ukubhekana nanoma yimuphi umsebenzi ofinyeleleka kubaprosesa abadumile. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa nge-SIM7600E-H, ephethwe yi-OS. LinuxSizobheka ukuthi singalanda futhi sisebenzise kanjani uhlelo lokusebenza olusebenzisekayo.

Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zisekelwe kakhulu kudokhumenti ethi “SIM7600 Open Linux "Intuthuko Esheshayo," kodwa ezinye izengezo, ikakhulukazi inguqulo yolimi lwesiRashiya, zizoba wusizo. Lesi sihloko sizosiza labo abasanda kuqala ukusebenzisa imodyuli ukuthi badlule ekulandweni kohlelo lokusebenza lwedemo futhi banikeze amakhono adingekayo emsebenzini olandelayo.

Kafushane mayelana nokuthi ubani u-SIM7600E-H

I-SIM7600E-H iyimojula eyakhelwe ngesisekelo seprosesa ye-ARM Cortex-A7 1.3GHz evela ku-Qualcomm, enesistimu yokusebenza. Linux (kernel 3.18.20) ngaphakathi, ekwazi ukusebenza ngama-frequency band aseYurophu (kufaka phakathi isiRashiya) e-2G/3G/LTE, esekela i-Cat.4, futhi ihlinzeka ngesivinini sokulanda esiphezulu esifinyelela ku-150 Mbps kanye nesivinini sokulayisha esifinyelela ku-50 Mbps. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo eziningi, ububanzi bokushisa kwezimboni, kanye nokuzulazula kwe-GPS/GLONASS okwakhelwe ngaphakathi kuhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zesisombululo sesimanje se-M2M.

Ukubuka konke kwesistimu

Imojuli ye-SIM7600E-H isekelwe ohlelweni lokusebenza Linux (i-kernel 3.18.20). Uhlelo lwefayela, lona, lwakhiwe ohlelweni lwefayela lokubhala lwe-UBIFS (Unsorted Block Image File System).

Izici ezibalulekile zalolu hlelo lwefayela zifaka:

isebenza ngama-partitions, ikuvumela ukuthi udale, ususe, noma uguqule usayizi wawo;
iqinisekisa ukuqoshwa kokuhlelwa kuyo yonke ivolumu yemidiya;
isebenza ngamabhulokhi Amabi;
inciphisa amathuba okulahleka kwedatha ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kukagesi noma okunye ukwehluleka;
ukugcina izingodo.

Incazelo ithathiwe kusuka lapha, kukhona nencazelo enemininingwane eyengeziwe yesistimu yefayela enjalo.

Labo. Lolu hlobo lwesistimu yefayela lulungele izimo zokusebenza ezinzima zemojuli kanye nezinkinga zamandla okungenzeka. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi izimo zamandla ezingazinzile zizoba imodi elindelekile yokusebenza kwemojula kuphela kukhombisa ukusebenza okukhulu kwedivayisi.

inkumbulo

Ukusatshalaliswa kwezindawo zememori kwakhiwe kanje:

Kunezindawo ezintathu ezibalulekile okufanele zigqanyiswe:

ubi0:izimpande – ifundwa kuphela futhi iqukethe i-kernel uqobo Linux
ibe0:usfs - esetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ohlelweni lomsebenzisi kanye nokugcinwa kwedatha
ubi0:cahcef – kubekelwe ukubuyekezwa kwe-FOTA. Uma isikhala esitholakalayo singanele ukulanda isibuyekezo, isistimu izosusa amafayela angasetshenzisiwe futhi ngaleyo ndlela ikhulule isikhala. Kodwa ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, akufanele ubeke amafayela akho lapho.

Zontathu izigaba zisakazwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:

Uhlelo lwamafayela
Usayizi
Used
Iyatholakala
Sebenzisa%
Kukhwezwe phezu

ubi0:izimpande
40.7M
36.2M
4.4M
89%
/

ibe0:usfs
10.5M
360K
10.1M
3%
/ idatha

ubi0:izinqolobane
50.3M
20K
47.7M
0%
/ isilondolozi

Ukusebenza okutholakalayo

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, imojula yakhelwe ku-chipset ye-Cortex A7 evela ku-Qualcomm. Kungaba iphutha ukunganikezi ngomongo osebenza kakhulu kangaka ukuze kucutshungulwe uhlelo lomsebenzisi futhi kukhishwe iphrosesa eyinhloko yedivayisi ngokukhipha ingxenye ethile yohlelo kumojuli.

Ngohlelo lomsebenzisi, izindlela zokusebenza ezilandelayo zizotholakala kithi:

Iphini No.
Igama
I-Sys GPIO No.
Isenzo esizenzakalelayo
Umsebenzi1
Umsebenzi2
Donsa
Ukuphazamisa kokuvuka

6
SPI_CLK
-
UART1_RTS
-
-
B-PD
-

7
SPI_MISO
-
UART1_Rx
-
-
B-PD
-

8
SPI_MOSI
-
UART1_Tx
-
-
B-PD
-

9
SPI_CS
-
UART1_CTS
-
-
B-PD
-

21
SD_CMD
-
Ikhadi le-SD
-
-
B-PD
-

22
SD_DATA0
-
Ikhadi le-SD
-
-
B-PD
-

23
SD_DATA1
-
Ikhadi le-SD
-
-
B-PD
-

24
SD_DATA2
-
Ikhadi le-SD
-
-
B-PD
-

25
SD_DATA3
-
Ikhadi le-SD
-
-
B-PD
-

26
SD_CLK
-
Ikhadi le-SD
-
-
B-PN
-

27
I-SDIO_DATA1
-
Fi
-
-
B-PD
-

28
I-SDIO_DATA2
-
Fi
-
-
B-PD
-

29
I-SDIO_CMD
-
Fi
-
-
B-PD
-

30
I-SDIO_DATA0
-
Fi
-
-
B-PD
-

31
I-SDIO_DATA3
-
Fi
-
-
B-PD
-

32
I-SDIO_CLK
-
Fi
-
-
B-PN
-

33
I-GPIO3
GPIO_1020
MIFI_POWER_EN
I-GPIO
MIFI_POWER_EN
I-B-PU
-

34
I-GPIO6
GPIO_1023
MIFI_SLEEP_CLK
I-GPIO
MIFI_SLEEP_CLK
B-PD
-

46
I-ADC2
-
I-ADC
-
-
-
-

47
I-ADC1
-
I-ADC
-
-
I-B-PU
-

48
SD_DET
GPIO_26
I-GPIO
I-GPIO
SD_DET
B-PD
X

49
STATUS
GPIO_52
Isimo
I-GPIO
Isimo
B-PD
X

50
I-GPIO43
GPIO_36
MIFI_COEX
I-GPIO
MIFI_COEX
B-PD
-

52
I-GPIO41
GPIO_79
BT
I-GPIO
BT
B-PD
X

55
SCL
-
I2C_SCL
-
-
B-PD
-

56
I-SDA
-
I2C_SDA
-
-
I-B-PU
-

66
I-RTS
-
UART2_RTS
-
-
B-PD
-

67
CTS
-
UART2_CTS
-
-
B-PD
-

68
I-RxD
-
UART2_Rx
-
-
B-PD
-

69
RI
-
I-GPIO(RI)
-
-
B-PD
-

70
I-DCD
-
I-GPIO
-
-
B-PD
-

71
I-TxD
-
UART2_Tx
-
-
B-PD
-

72
I-DTR
-
I-GPIO(DTR)
-
-
B-PD
X

73
PCM_OUT
-
I-PCM
-
-
B-PD
-

74
PCM_IN
-
I-PCM
-
-
B-PD
-

75
I-PCM_SYNC
-
I-PCM
-
-
B-PD
-

76
I-PCM_CLK
-
I-PCM
-
-
I-B-PU
-

87
I-GPIO77
I-GPIO77
BT
I-GPIO
BT
B-PD
-

Vumelana, uhlu luyamangalisa futhi qaphela: ingxenye yama-peripherals isetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa imojuli njengomzila. Labo. Ngokusekelwe kumojula enjalo, ungenza irutha encane ezosabalalisa i-Intanethi nge-Wi-Fi. Ngendlela, kunesixazululo esenziwe ngomumo esibizwa nge-SIM7600E-H-MIFI futhi iyikhadi le-miniPCIE elinemodyuli ye-SIM7600E-H edayisiwe kanye nezikhonkwane eziningana ze-antenna, enye yazo iyi-antenna ye-Wi-Fi. Nokho, lesi yisihloko sendatshana ehlukile.

NgoLwesithathu (hhayi usuku lweviki)

I-SIMCom Wireless Solutions inikeza ithuba kubathuthukisi lokuzikhethela indawo yokuthuthukiswa ejwayeleke kakhulu kubo Linux noma WindowsUma sikhuluma ngohlelo lokusebenza olulodwa olusebenzisekayo kumojuli, kungcono ukukhetha Windows, kuzoba lula futhi kusheshe. Uma ulindele ukwakheka kwezinhlelo zokusebenza okuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokuthuthukiswa okulandelayo, kungcono ukuyisebenzisa LinuxSizodinga futhi Linux Ukuze uhlanganise amafayela asebenzisekayo ukuze alayishwe kamuva kumojuli, umshini obonakalayo wanele ukuhlanganiswa.

Okudingayo akutholakali mahhala ukuze kulandwe - i-SDK, ongayicela kumsabalalisi wakho.

Ukufaka izinsiza zokusebenza ngemojula

Kusukela lapha kuqhubeke sizosebenza ngaphansi Windows njenge-OS ejwayelekile kakhulu kubasebenzisi abaningi.

Kuzodingeka sifake isofthiwe edingekayo ngezinyathelo ezimbalwa ezilula ukuze sibe ngompetha ekusebenzeni nemojula:

i-GNU/Linux
Cygwin
Abashayeli
I-ADB

Ukufaka i-GNU/Linux

Ukuze wakhe uhlelo lokusebenza, ungasebenzisa noma iyiphi ipulatifomu ehambisana ne-ARM.Linux Sizosebenzisa i-SourceryCodeBenchLiteARM GNU/Linuxumhumushi uyatholakala ukuze ulandwe ku- isixhumanisi.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izingxenye zifakwe ngendlela efanele, ngizoshiya izithombe-skrini ezimbalwa zenqubo yokufaka. Empeleni, akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi ekufakeni.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izingxenye zifakwe ngendlela efanele, ngizoshiya izithombe-skrini ezimbalwa zenqubo yokufaka. Empeleni, akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi ekufakeni.

Ukutholwa kwelayisensi ye-Prinimaem
Cacisa ifolda yokufaka
Sishiya izingxenye ezidingekayo zingashintshiwe
Kushiye njengoba kunjalo
Izikhathi eziningana "Okulandelayo", "Faka" futhi ngokuyisisekelo yilokho

Ifaka i-Cygwin

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze uthuthuke, uzodinga isethi yemitapo yolwazi nezinsiza ezivela kusethi enikeziwe Cygwin. Konke kulula lapha, inguqulo yamanje ye-Cygwin ingalandwa mahhala kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yephrojekthi ngesikhathi sokubhala, inguqulo 3.1.5 yayitholakala, okuyiyona nto esasiyisebenzisa lapho silungiselela indaba.

Akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi ekufakeni i-Cygwin, okuwukuphela kwento oyidingayo ukukhetha isibuko lapho isifaki sizolanda khona amafayela adingekayo, sikhethe noma yiliphi bese siyifaka, kanye nesethi yezinsiza kanye nemitapo yolwazi, ishiya yonke imitapo yolwazi etholakalayo futhi. izinsiza ezikhethiwe.

Ukufakwa komshayeli

Ngemuva kokuthi imojula ixhumeke ku-PC, uzodinga ukufaka abashayeli. Lokhu kungacelwa kumsabalalisi wakho (kunconyiwe). Angikukhuthazi ukusesha i-inthanethi uwedwa, ngoba... Kungase kuthathe isikhathi esiningi ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangele ukungqubuzana kwedivayisi.

Phakathi kwamachweba akhethiwe sibona okulandelayo:

Windows
Linux
Incazelo

I-SimTech HS-USB Diagnostics
I-USB Serial
I-Diagnostic Interface

I-SimTech HS-USB NMEA
I-USB Serial
GPS NMEA Interface

I-SimTech HS-USB AT Port
I-USB Serial
E-port Interface

Imodemu ye-SimTech HS-USB
I-USB Serial
I-Modem port Interface

I-SimTech HS-USB Audio
I-USB Serial
Isikhombi Somsindo we-USB

I-SimTech HS-USB WWAN Adapter
I-USB Net
I-NDIS WWAN Interface

Android I-Composite ADB Interface
I-USB ADB
Android engeza imbobo yokulungisa amaphutha

Njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele, ayikho i-USB ADB phakathi kwamachweba kusithombe-skrini, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imbobo ye-ADB kumojuli ivaliwe ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi udinga ukuyinika amandla ngokuthumela umyalo 'AT+CUSBADB=1' ku-AT. port of the module bese uyiqalisa kabusha ( lokhu kungenziwa ngomyalo 'AT+CRESET').

Njengomphumela, sithola isixhumi esibonakalayo esifunekayo kumphathi wedivayisi:

Sesiqedile ngabashayeli, asidlulele ku-ADB.

Ifaka i-ADB

Iya kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni Android Unjiniyela ngu isixhumanisiMasingalandi leyo enkulu. Android Studio, sidinga umugqa womyalo kuphela, otholakala ukuze ulandwe kusixhumanisi esithi "Landa Amathuluzi Eplatifomu ye-SDK ye- Windows".

Landa futhi ukhiphe ingobo yomlando ewumphumela empandeni yedrayivu C.

Imvelo Eguquguqukayo

Ngemva kokufaka i-Cygwin, uzodinga ukungeza indlela i-Cygwin/bin/ ekuthuthukisweni okuguquguqukayo kwemvelo (Iphaneli Yokulawula Yakudala → Isistimu → Izilungiselelo zesistimu Ethuthukisiwe → Okuthuthukile → Okuguquguqukayo Kwendawo → Okuguquguqukayo Kwesistimu → Indlela → Hlela) njengoba kukhonjisiwe kusithombe-skrini esingezansi:

Ngokufanayo, engeza indlela eya endaweni yomlando ye-ADB elandiwe nengapakishwanga empandeni yedrayivu C.

Chofoza okuthi KULUNGILE izikhathi ezimbalwa bese uqala kabusha ikhompuyutha.

Ngemva kokuqalisa kabusha, ungakwazi ukuhlola kalula ukuthi i-ADB isebenza kahle yini ngokuvula umugqa womyalo (Win+R → cmd) bese uthayipha umyalo 'inguqulo ye-adb'. Sithola into efana nale:

Ake sixhume imojuli ku-PC (uma kwenzekile yanqanyulwa) futhi sihlole ukuthi i-ADB iyayibona yini ngomyalo 'wamadivayisi we-adb':

Kwenziwe, lokhu kuqeda ukucushwa kokuxhumeka kumojuli futhi singaqalisa igobolondo ukuze sisebenze nemojuli.

Ukuqaqa nokuhlanganisa i-SDK

Manje njengoba sesinokufinyelela kugobolondo futhi sesingaqala ukusebenza ngomugqa womyalo wemojuli, ake sizame ukuhlanganisa uhlelo lwethu lokusebenza lokuqala ukuze silayishe kumojula.

Lokhu kungaba yinselele kubantu abaningi! Ngoba imodyuli isebenza ohlelweni olusebenzayo. Linux, ukugwema ukungqubuzana lapho kuhlanganiswa ikhodi ngaphansi Windows - kungcono ukuhlanganisa endaweni yemvelo - Linux.

Ngeke sigxile ngokuningiliziwe ekutheni kanjani uma kungekho Linux futhi uma ungafuni ukuyifaka emshinini wakho, ungayifaka emshinini obonakalayo. Sizosebenzisa i-VirtualBox, sifake Ubuntu inguqulo 20.04 (inguqulo yamanje ngesikhathi sokubhala) futhi sizoqala ukusebenza nama-compiler, i-SDK, njll. ngaphansi kwayo.

Ukuqhubekela phambili ngoLwesithathu Linux bese uvula ingobo yomlando etholwe kumsabalalisi.

simcom@VirtualBox:~/Desktop/OpenLinux$ sudo tar -xzf MDM9x07_OL_2U_22_V1.12_191227.tar.gz

Iya kumkhombandlela we-sim_open_sdk bese wengeza indawo:

simcom@VirtualBox:~/Desktop/OpenLinux/sim_open_sdk$ cd sim_open_sdk
simcom@VirtualBox:~/Desktop/OpenLinux/sim_open_sdk$ source sim_crosscompile/sim-crosscompile-env-init

Sihlala kufolda efanayo futhi sikhiphe imiyalo elandelayo ngenkathi sikuyo.
Faka ilabhulali ye-libncurses5-dev uma ingafakiwe:

simcom@VirtualBox:~/Desktop/OpenLinux/sim_open_sdk$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev -y

I-Python, uma ingafakwanga noma:

simcom@VirtualBox:~/Desktop/OpenLinux/sim_open_sdk$ sudo apt-get install python -y

kanye ne-gcc:

simcom@VirtualBox:~/Desktop/OpenLinux/sim_open_sdk$ sudo apt-get install gcc

Ukuhlanganisa:

Manje sidinga ukuhlanganisa amafayela amaningana, sisebenzisa imiyalo elandelayo ngokulandelana.

Uma iwindi lokucushwa kwe-kernel livela ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa, vele ukhethe okuthi Phuma futhi ubuyele ku-console asidingi ukulungisa i-kernel manje.

Senza:

simcom@VirtualBox:~/Desktop/OpenLinux/sim_open_sdk$ make

Hlanganisa i-bootloader:

simcom@VirtualBox:~/Desktop/OpenLinux/sim_open_sdk$ make aboot

Ukuhlanganisa i-kernel:

simcom@VirtualBox:~/Desktop/OpenLinux/sim_open_sdk$ make kernel_menuconfig
simcom@VirtualBox:~/Desktop/OpenLinux/sim_open_sdk$ make kernel

Hlanganisa isistimu yefayela lempande:

simcom@VirtualBox:~/Desktop/OpenLinux/sim_open_sdk$ make rootfs

Kwabasebenzisi Linux Kuzofaneleka ukuhlanganisa umshayeli wemodyuli:

simcom@VirtualBox:~/Desktop/OpenLinux/sim_open_sdk$ make kernel_module

Masihlanganise idemo:

simcom@VirtualBox:~/Desktop/OpenLinux/sim_open_sdk$ make demo

Ngemuva kwalokho kuzovela amafayela amasha amaningana kusim_open_sdk/output directory:

simcom@VirtualBox:~/Desktop/OpenLinux/sim_open_sdk$ ls output/
appsboot.mbn  boot.img  demo_app  helloworld  system.img

Demo

Ake sizame ukulayisha idemo kumojula yethu futhi sibone ukuthi yini ephuma kuyo.

Landa

Kufolda ye-sim_open_sdk, singabona ifayela le-demo_app. Likhiphe bese ulihambisa empandeni yedrayivu ye-C ku-PC lapho imojuli ixhunywe khona. Bese uqalisa umugqa womyalo. Windows (Win+R -> cmd) bese ufaka:

C:>adb push C:demo_app /data/

I-console izositshela:

C:demo_app: 1 file pushed, 0 skipped. 151.4 MB/s (838900 bytes in 0.005s)

Lokhu kusho ukuthi ifayela lithunyelwe ngempumelelo kumojula futhi okumele sikwenze ukuliqhuba. Asingabazi.

Senza:

C:>adb shell

Sandisa amalungelo efayela elilandiwe:

/ # cdhmod 777 /data/demo_app

Futhi sigijima:

/ # /data/demo_app

Kukhonsoli efanayo, imojuli izositshela okulandelayo:

SDK_VER : SIM_SDK_VER_20191205
DEMO_VER: SIM_SDK_VER_20191205

Please select an option to test from the items listed below.

1. WIFI                       2. VOICE CALL
3. DATA CALL                  4. SMS
5. WDS(APN)                   6. NAS
7. AT                         8. OTA
9. TTS                        10. GPIO
11. GPS                       12. Bluetooth
13. TCP/UDP                   14. Timer
15. ADC                       16. I2C
17. UIM(SimCard)              18. DMS(IMEI,MEID)
19. UART                      20. SPI
21. Version                   22. Ethernet
23. FTP                       24. SSL
25. HTTP(S)                   26. FTP(S)
27. MQTT(S)                   28. ALSA
29. DEV                       30. AUDIO
31. JSON                      32. LBS
99. EXIT
Option >

Ake sibheke i-IMEI yemojula, faka u-7 (shintshela kumodi yomyalo) bese ufaka u-5:

Please select an option to test from the items listed below.

1. WIFI                       2. VOICE CALL
3. DATA CALL                  4. SMS
5. WDS(APN)                   6. NAS
7. AT                         8. OTA
9. TTS                        10. GPIO
11. GPS                       12. Bluetooth
13. TCP/UDP                   14. Timer
15. ADC                       16. I2C
17. UIM(SimCard)              18. DMS(IMEI,MEID)
19. UART                      20. SPI
21. Version                   22. Ethernet
23. FTP                       24. SSL
25. HTTP(S)                   26. FTP(S)
27. MQTT(S)                   28. ALSA
29. DEV                       30. AUDIO
31. JSON                      32. LBS
99. EXIT
Option > 7

Please select an option to test from the items listed below.

1. get Module Version         2. get CSQ
3. get CREG                   4. get ICCID
5. get IMEI                   6. get CIMI
99. back
Option > 5
IMEI: 867584030090489

Please select an option to test from the items listed below.

1. get Module Version         2. get CSQ
3. get CREG                   4. get ICCID
5. get IMEI                   6. get CIMI
99. back
Option >

Ngale ndlela sizobona i-IMEI yemojula.

Njengesiphetho

Ngithemba ukuthi sikwazile ukuthola umbono ojwayelekile wokuthi ungaqala kanjani ngemojula. Ezihlokweni ezilandelayo, sizobhekisisa amakhono ahlinzekwa yipulatifomu ye-SIM7600E-H, kanye nokuthi ungalubuyekeza kanjani ukude uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza kumojula.

Ngiyakumema ukuthi ubuze imibuzo kumazwana, futhi ukhombise ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yamakhono emojula okufanele ibonakale ezihlokweni ezilandelayo.

Source: www.habr.com