Izici zamasistimu okunikezwa kwamandla asebenzisa i-DDIBP

Butsev I.V.
[i-imeyili ivikelwe]

Izici zezinhlelo zokuphakela amandla zisebenzisa i-Diesel Dynamic Uninterruptible Power Sources (DDIUPS)

Kule phrezentheshini elandelayo, umbhali uzozama ukugwema ama-clichés wokuthengisa futhi uzoncika kuphela kulwazi olusebenzayo. Ama-DDIBP avela ku-HITEC Power Protection azochazwa njengezihloko zokuhlolwa.

Idivayisi yokufaka i-DDIBP

Idivayisi ye-DDIBP, ngokombono we-electromechanical, ibukeka ilula futhi ibikezelwa.
Umthombo oyinhloko wamandla i-Diesel Engine (DE), enamandla anele, kucatshangelwa ukusebenza kahle kokufakwayo, ukunikezwa kwamandla okuqhubekayo kwesikhathi eside ekulayisheni. Lokhu, ngokufanelekile, kubeka izidingo eziqinile ekuthembekeni kwayo, ukulungela ukuqalisa kanye nokuzinza kokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa ama-DD omkhumbi, umthengisi awupenda kabusha kusuka ophuzi kuya kumbala wawo.

Njengesiguquli esibuyiseleka emuva samandla ayimishini sibe amandla kagesi nangemuva, ukufakwa kufaka phakathi ijeneretha yenjini enamandla angaphezu kwamandla alinganiselwe okufaka ukuze kuthuthukiswe, okokuqala, izici eziguquguqukayo zomthombo wamandla phakathi nezinqubo zesikhashana.

Njengoba umkhiqizi efuna ukunikezwa kwamandla okungaphazamiseki, ukufakwa kuqukethe into egcina amandla ekulayishweni ngesikhathi soshintsho ukusuka kumodi yokusebenza eyodwa ukuya kwenye. I-accumulator ye-inertial noma i-induction coupling isebenzisa le njongo. Kungumzimba omkhulu ojikeleza ngesivinini esikhulu futhi uqongelela amandla emishini. Umkhiqizi uchaza idivayisi yayo njengenjini engavumelanisi ngaphakathi kwe-asynchronous motor. Labo. Kukhona i-stator, i-rotor yangaphandle kanye ne-rotor yangaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-rotor yangaphandle ixhunywe ngokuqinile ku-shaft evamile yokufaka futhi ijikeleza ngokuhambisana ne-shaft ye-motor-generator. I-rotor yangaphakathi iphinde ijikeleze ngokuhlobene neyangaphandle futhi empeleni iyidivayisi yokugcina. Ukuze unikeze amandla nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezingxenye ngazinye, amayunithi ebhulashi anezindandatho zokushelela asetshenziswa.

Ukuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwamandla kagesi kusuka ku-motor kuya ezingxenyeni ezisele zokufakwa, i-clutch overrunning isetshenziswa.

Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokufakwa yisistimu yokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, okuthi, ngokuhlaziya imingcele yokusebenza yezingxenye ngazinye, ithonya ukulawulwa kokufakwa ngokuphelele.
Futhi into ebaluleke kakhulu yokufaka i-reactor, i-reactor yezigaba ezintathu enompompo osongayo, eklanyelwe ukuhlanganisa ukufakwa ohlelweni lokuhlinzeka ngamandla futhi ivumele ukushintsha okuphephile phakathi kwamamodi, okukhawulela imisinga yokulinganisa.
Futhi ekugcineni, izinsiza, kodwa azikho izinhlelo ezingaphansi kwesibili - ukungena komoya, ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli, ukupholisa nokukhipha igesi.

Izindlela zokusebenza zokufakwa kwe-DDIBP

Ngicabanga ukuthi kungaba usizo ukuchaza izifunda ezahlukahlukene zokufakwa kwe-DDIBP:

• imodi yokusebenza IVALIWE

Ingxenye engumshini yokufaka ayinyakazi. Amandla anikezwa ohlelweni lokulawula, isistimu yokushisisa kwangaphambili yemoto, isistimu yokushaja entantayo yamabhethri aqalayo, kanye neyunithi yokungenisa umoya kabusha. Ngemva kokushisa, ukufakwa kulungele ukuqala.

• imodi yokusebenza START

Uma umyalo we-START unikezwa, i-DD iyaqala, ezungeza i-rotor yangaphandle yedrayivu kanye ne-motor-generator ngokusebenzisa i-clutch overrunning. Njengoba injini ifudumala, isistimu yayo yokupholisa iyasebenza. Ngemva kokufinyelela isivinini sokusebenza, i-rotor yangaphakathi ye-drive iqala ukujikeleza (ukushaja). Inqubo yokushaja idivayisi yesitoreji yahlulelwa ngokungaqondile indlela yamanje eyisebenzisayo. Le nqubo ithatha amaminithi angu-5-7.

Uma amandla angaphandle etholakala, kuthatha isikhathi esithile ukuvumelanisa kokugcina nenethiwekhi yangaphandle futhi, lapho izinga elanele le-in-phase lifinyelelwa, ukufakwa kuxhunywe kuyo.

I-DD inciphisa isivinini sokujikeleza futhi ingena emjikelezweni wokupholisa, othatha cishe imizuzu eyi-10, olandelwa ukuma. I-clutch eyeqisayo iyanqamula futhi ukujikeleza okuqhubekayo kokufakwa kusekelwa i-motor-generator kuyilapho kunxeshezelwa ukulahlekelwa ku-accumulator. Ukufakwa kulungele ukunika amandla umthwalo futhi kushintshele kumodi ye-UPS.

Uma kungabikho ukunikezwa kwamandla kwangaphandle, ukufakwa kulungele ukunika amandla umthwalo kanye nezidingo zawo kusuka ku-motor-generator futhi kuyaqhubeka nokusebenza kumodi ye-DIESEL.

• imodi yokusebenza DIESEL

Kule modi, umthombo wamandla yi-DD. I-motor-generator ezungeziswa yiyo inika amandla umthwalo. I-motor-generator njengomthombo we-voltage inempendulo yefrikhwensi ephinyisiwe futhi ine-inertia ebonakalayo, iphendula ngokulibaziseka ekushintsheni okungazelelwe kubukhulu bomthwalo. Ngoba Umkhiqizi uqedela ukufakwa ngokusebenza kwe-DD yasolwandle kule modi kunqunyelwe kuphela izinqolobane zikaphethiloli kanye nekhono lokugcina uhlelo olushisayo lokufakwa. Kule modi yokusebenza, izinga lokucindezela komsindo eduze nokufakwa lidlula i-105 dBA.

• Imodi yokusebenza ye-UPS

Kule modi, umthombo wamandla inethiwekhi yangaphandle. I-motor-generator, exhunywe nge-reactor kukho kokubili inethiwekhi yangaphandle kanye nomthwalo, isebenza kumodi yesinxephezelo esivumelanayo, sinxephezela ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ethile ingxenye esebenzayo yamandla okulayisha. Ngokuvamile, ukufakwa kwe-DDIBP okuxhunywe ochungechungeni nenethiwekhi yangaphandle, ngokwencazelo, kwenza izici zakho zibe zimbi kakhulu njengomthombo wamandla kagesi, okwandisa i-impedance yangaphakathi efanayo. Kule modi yokusebenza, izinga lokucindezela komsindo eduze nokufakwa licishe libe ngu-100 dBA.

Uma kunezinkinga ngenethiwekhi yangaphandle, iyunithi iyanqanyulwa kuyo, kunikezwa umyalo wokuba kuqaliswe injini yedizili bese iyunithi ishintshela kumodi ye-DIESEL. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwethulwa kwe-motor evuthayo njalo kwenzeka ngaphandle komthwalo kuze kube yilapho isivinini sokujikeleza kwe-motor shaft sidlula izingxenye ezisele zokufakwa ngokuvalwa kwe-clutch overrunning. Isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuqalisa nokufinyelela izivinini zokusebenza ze-DD amasekhondi angu-3-5.

• Imodi yokusebenza ye-BYPASS

Uma kunesidingo, isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, amandla okulayisha angadluliselwa emgqeni wokudlula ngokuqondile kunethiwekhi yangaphandle. Ukushintshela kulayini wokudlula kanye nangemuva kwenzeka ngokugqagqana ngesikhathi sokuphendula samadivayisi ashintshayo, okuvumela ukuthi ugweme ngisho nokulahlekelwa amandla okwesikhashana kumthwalo ngoba Uhlelo lokulawula lulwela ukugcina isigaba phakathi kwe-voltage ephumayo yokufakwa kwe-DDIBP nenethiwekhi yangaphandle. Kulesi simo, imodi yokusebenza yokufakwa ngokwayo ayishintshi, i.e. uma i-DD ibisebenza, izoqhubeka nokusebenza, noma ukufakwa ngokwayo kunikwe amandla kunethiwekhi yangaphandle, bese izoqhubeka.

• imodi yokusebenza STOP

Lapho umyalo othi STOP unikezwa, amandla okulayisha ashintshelwa kulayini wokudlula, futhi ukunikezwa kwamandla ejeneretha yenjini kanye nedivayisi yokugcina kuyaphazamiseka. Ukufakwa kuyaqhubeka nokuzungezisa nge-inertia isikhathi esithile futhi ngemva kokuyimisa kungena kumodi OFF.

Imidwebo yokuxhumana ye-DDIBP nezici zayo

Ukufakwa okukodwa

Lena inketho elula kakhulu yokusebenzisa i-DDIBP ezimele. Ukufakwa kungaba nokuphumayo okubili - i-NB (akukho khefu, amandla angaphazamiseki) ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukunikezwa kwamandla kanye ne-SB (ikhefu elifushane, amandla aqinisekisiwe) ngokuphazamiseka kwesikhathi esifushane kwamandla. Umphumela ngamunye ungaba ne-bypass yayo (bheka umdwebo 1.).

Fig.1

Okukhiphayo kwe-NB kuvame ukuxhunywa emthwalweni obalulekile (i-IT, amaphampu omjikelezo wesiqandisi, ama-air conditioner anemba), futhi okukhiphayo kwe-SB kuwumthwalo lapho ukuphazamiseka kwesikhathi esifushane kokunikezwa kwamandla okungabalulekile (ama-chillers efrijini). Ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kwamandla kagesi emthwalweni obalulekile, ukushintshwa kokuphuma kokufakwa kanye nesekethe ye-bypass kwenziwa ngokugqagqana kwesikhathi, futhi imisinga yesifunda iyancipha ibe amanani aphephile ngenxa yokumelana okuyinkimbinkimbi kwengxenye. Ukujika kwe-reactor.

Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekunikezeni amandla kusuka ku-DDIBP kuya emthwalweni ongaqondile, i.e. umthwalo, obonakala ngokuba khona kwenani elibonakalayo lama-harmonics ekubunjweni kwe-spectral yamanje esetshenzisiwe. Ngenxa yezinto ezingavamile zokusebenza kwejeneretha ehambisanayo kanye nomdwebo wokuxhuma, lokhu kuholela ekuhlanekezweni kwe-voltage waveform ekuphumeni kokufakwa, kanye nokuba khona kwezingxenye ze-harmonic zamanje ezisetshenzisiwe lapho ukufakwa kunikezwa amandla inethiwekhi yamandla kagesi eshintshanayo yangaphandle.

Ngezansi kunezithombe zomumo (bheka u-Fig. 2) kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-harmonic ye-voltage ephumayo (bheka i-Fig. 3) uma inikwe amandla kunethiwekhi yangaphandle. I-harmonic ukuhlanekezela i-coefficient yeqe u-10% ngomthwalo onesizotha ongaqondile ngendlela yesiguquli semvamisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukufakwa akuzange kushintshele kumodi ye-diesel, eqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lokulawula aluqapheli ipharamitha ebalulekile njenge-coefficient yokuphazamiseka kwe-harmonic ye-voltage ephumayo. Ngokusho kokubonwayo, izinga lokuhlanekezela kwe-harmonic alincikile emandleni omthwalo, kodwa ngesilinganiso samandla omthwalo ongaqondile kanye nomugqa, futhi lapho ihlolwa kumthwalo ohlanzekile osebenzayo, oshisayo, ukuma kwe-voltage ekuphumeni kwe- ukufakwa kusondele ngempela ku-sinusoidal. Kodwa lesi simo sikude kakhulu neqiniso, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ekunikezeni amandla imishini yobunjiniyela ehlanganisa iziguquli zemvamisa, kanye nemithwalo ye-IT enezinto zamandla ezishintshayo ezingahlali zifakwe ukulungiswa kwesici samandla (PFC).

Fig.2

Fig.3

Kulo mdwebo neminye elandelayo, izimo ezintathu ziyaphawuleka:

• Ukuxhumeka kwe-galvanic phakathi kokufaka nokuphumayo kokufakwayo.
• Ukungalingani komthwalo wesigaba kusukela kokuphumayo kufinyelela okokufaka.
• Isidingo sezinyathelo ezengeziwe zokunciphisa umthwalo wama-harmonics wamanje.
• Izingxenye ze-Harmonic zomthwalo wamanje kanye nokuhlanekezela okubangelwa ukuhamba kwesikhathi kugeleza ukusuka kokuphumayo kuye kokokufaka.

Isifunda esifanayo

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe isistimu yokuphakelwa kwamandla, amayunithi e-DDIBP angaxhunywa ngokuhambisana, axhume amasekhethi okokufaka nokukhiphayo amayunithi ngamanye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukufakwa kulahlekelwa ukuzimela futhi kuba yingxenye yesistimu lapho izimo ze-synchronism kanye nesigaba zihlangene, ku-physics lokhu kubhekiselwa kukho egameni elilodwa - ukuhambisana. Ngokombono ongokoqobo, lokhu kusho ukuthi konke ukufakwa okufakwe ohlelweni kufanele kusebenze kumodi efanayo, okungukuthi, isibonelo, inketho enengxenye yokusebenza kwe-DD, kanye nokusebenza ngokwengxenye kusuka kunethiwekhi yangaphandle akwamukelekile. Kulesi simo, umugqa wokudlula udalwe ojwayelekile kulo lonke uhlelo (bheka umdwebo 4).

Ngalolu hlelo lokuxhuma, kunezindlela ezimbili ezingaba yingozi:

• Ukuxhuma ukufakwa kwesibili nokulandelayo ebhasini lokuphuma kwesistimu kuyilapho kugcinwa izimo zokuhambisana.
• Inqamula ukufakwa okukodwa ebhasini lokuphumayo kuyilapho igcina izimo zokuhambisana kuze kube yilapho kuvulwa amaswishi okukhiphayo.

Fig.4

Ukuvalwa okuphuthumayo kokufakwa okukodwa kungaholela esimeni lapho kuqala khona ukwehla, kodwa idivayisi yokushintsha okukhiphayo ayikavulwa. Kulesi simo, ngesikhathi esifushane, umehluko wesigaba phakathi kokufakwa kanye nalo lonke uhlelo ungafinyelela amanani aphuthumayo, okubangela isifunda esifushane.

Udinga futhi ukunaka ukulinganisa kokulayisha phakathi kokufaka ngakunye. Emishinini ecatshangelwa lapha, ukulinganisa kwenziwa ngenxa yesici somthwalo owelayo we-generator. Ngenxa yokungalungi kwayo kanye nezici ezingezona ezifanayo zezenzakalo zokufakwa phakathi kokufakwa, ukusabalalisa nakho akulingani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho usondela kumanani aphezulu omthwalo, ukusatshalaliswa kuqala ukuthonywa yizici ezibonakala zingasho lutho njengobude bemigqa exhunyiwe, amaphuzu okuxhumana kunethiwekhi yokusabalalisa yokufakwa nemithwalo, kanye nekhwalithi (ukumelana noshintsho. ) kokuxhumana ngokwako.

Kufanele sihlale sikhumbula ukuthi ama-DDIBP kanye namadivayisi okushintsha amadivaysi e-electromechanical anesikhathi esibalulekile se-inertia kanye nezikhathi zokulibaziseka eziphawulekayo ekuphenduleni izenzo zokulawula ezivela ohlelweni lokulawula oluzenzakalelayo.

Isekhethi ehambisanayo enoxhumo lwe-voltage “emaphakathi”

Kulesi simo, i-generator ixhunywe ku-reactor ngokusebenzisa i-transformer enezinga elifanele lokuguqulwa. Ngakho-ke, i-reactor kanye nemishini yokushintsha isebenza ngezinga le-voltage "isilinganiso", futhi i-generator isebenza ezingeni le-0.4 kV (bheka i-Fig. 5).

Fig.5

Ngalesi simo sokusetshenziswa, udinga ukunaka uhlobo lomthwalo wokugcina kanye nomdwebo wawo wokuxhuma. Labo. uma umthwalo wokugcina uxhunywe ngokusebenzisa ama-transformers ahamba phansi, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuxhuma i-transformer kunethiwekhi yokuhlinzeka cishe kuhambisana nenqubo yokuguqula i-magnetization yomnyombo, okubangela ukuthi kusetshenziswe ukusetshenziswa kwamanje futhi, ngenxa yalokho, i-voltage dip (bheka u-Fig. 6).

Imishini ebucayi ingase ingasebenzi kahle kulesi simo.

Okungenani ukukhanya kwe-inertia ephansi kuyacwayiza kanye neziguquli ezizenzakalelayo ze-motor frequency ziyaqaliswa kabusha.

Fig.6

Isekhethi enebhasi eliphumayo "elihlukanisiwe".

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe inani lokufakwa ohlelweni lokuphakelwa kwamandla, umkhiqizi uhlongoza ukusebenzisa isikimu esinebhasi eliphumayo "elihlukanisiwe", lapho ukufakwa kufana kokubili kokokufaka nokukhiphayo, ngokufaka ngakunye kuxhunywe kokungaphezu kokukodwa. ibhasi lokukhipha. Kulesi simo, inani lemigqa ye-bypass kufanele lilingane nenani lamabhasi okukhipha (bheka umdwebo 7).

Kumele kuqondwe ukuthi amabhasi okukhiphayo awazimele futhi axhunywe nge-galvanically komunye nomunye ngokusebenzisa amadivaysi okushintsha ukufakwa ngakunye.

Ngakho-ke, naphezu kweziqinisekiso zomkhiqizi, lesi sifunda simelela ukunikezwa kwamandla okukodwa ngokuphindaphinda kwangaphakathi, esimweni sesifunda esihambisanayo, esinemiphumela eminingi exhunywe nge-galvanically.

Fig.7

Lapha, njengasekuqaleni, kubalulekile ukunaka hhayi kuphela ukulinganisa ukulayisha phakathi kokufakwa, kodwa phakathi kwamabhasi okukhiphayo.

Futhi, amanye amakhasimende aphikisa ngokwehlukana ukunikezwa kokudla "okungcolile", i.e. usebenzisa i-bypass ekulayisheni kunoma iyiphi imodi yokusebenza. Ngale ndlela, isibonelo ezikhungweni zedatha, inkinga (ukulayisha ngokweqile) kwelinye lama-spokes kuholela ekuphazamisekeni kwesistimu ngokuvalwa okuphelele komthwalo wokukhokha.

Umjikelezo wokuphila we-DDIBP nomthelela wawo ohlelweni lokuphakelwa kwamandla lulonke

Akumele sikhohlwe ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-DDIBP kuyimishini kagesi edinga ukunakwa, ukusho okungenani, isimo sengqondo senhlonipho nokunakekelwa ngezikhathi ezithile.

Isheduli yesondlo ihlanganisa ukuyekisa ukusebenza, ukuvala shaqa, ukuhlanzwa, ukugcotshwa (kanye njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha), kanye nokulayisha ijeneretha emthwalweni wokuhlola (kanye ngonyaka). Ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku ezimbili zebhizinisi ukusevisa ukufakwa okukodwa. Futhi ukungabikho kwesifunda esiklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukuxhuma i-generator kumthwalo wokuhlola kuholela esidingweni sokukhipha amandla okukhokha.

Isibonelo, ake sithathe isistimu engasasebenzi ye-DDIUPS esebenzayo engu-15 exhunywe ku-voltage "emaphakathi" ebhasini "elihlukanisiwe" eliphindwe kabili lapho kungekho mjikelezo ozinikele wokuxhuma umthwalo wokuhlola.

Ngedatha enjalo yokuqala, ukusevisa isistimu izinsuku ezingu-30(!) zekhalenda kuzo zonke ezinye imodi yosuku, kuyodingeka ukuthi kucishwe amandla elinye lamabhasi okukhipha amandla ukuze kuxhunywe umthwalo wokuhlola. Ngakho-ke, ukutholakala kwamandla kagesi ekulayisheni kwelinye lamabhasi okukhiphayo kungu-0,959, futhi empeleni ngisho no-0,92.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubuyela kumjikelezo wokunikezwa kwamandla okukhokhelwayo okujwayelekile kuzodinga ukuvula inombolo edingekayo yeziguquli eziya phansi, okuzodala ukucwiliswa kwama-voltage amaningi kulo lonke(!) uhlelo oluhlotshaniswa nokuhlehliswa kazibuthe kwama-transformer.

Izincomo zokusebenzisa i-DDIBP

Kusukela kulokhu okungenhla, isiphetho esingaduduzi siyaziphakamisa - ekuphumeni kwesistimu yokuphakelwa kwamandla kusetshenziswa i-DDIBP, i-voltage engaphazamiseki yekhwalithi ephezulu (!) ikhona lapho kuhlangatshezwana nazo zonke lezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• Ukunikezwa kwamandla kwangaphandle akunazo izithiyo ezibalulekile;
• Umthwalo wesistimu uhlala njalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uyasebenza futhi unomugqa ngokwemvelo (izici ezimbili zokugcina azisebenzi emishinini yesikhungo sedatha);
• Akukho ukuhlanekezela ohlelweni okubangelwa ukushintsha ama-elementi asebenzayo.

Ukufingqa, izincomo ezilandelayo zingakhiwa:

• Hlukanisa amasistimu okunikezwa kwamandla kagesi wobunjiniyela kanye nempahla ye-IT, futhi uhlukanise lakamuva libe amasistimu angaphansi ukuze unciphise ukuthonyana.
• Nikeza inethiwekhi ehlukile ukuze uqinisekise ikhono lokusevisa ukufakwa okukodwa okunekhono lokuxhuma umthwalo wokuhlola wangaphandle ngomthamo olingana nokufakwa okukodwa. Lungiselela indawo kanye nezinsiza zekhebula ukuze kuxhunywe lezi zinhloso.
• Ngaso sonke isikhathi qaphela ibhalansi yomthwalo phakathi kwamabhasi kagesi, ukufakwa ngakunye kanye nezigaba.
• Gwema ukusebenzisa iziguquli eziya phansi ezixhunywe kokuphumayo kwe-DDIBP.
• Hlola ngokucophelela futhi urekhode ukusebenza kwemishini ezenzakalelayo neyokushintsha amandla ukuze uqoqe izibalo.
• Ukuze uqinisekise ikhwalithi yokunikezwa kwamandla kumthwalo, vivinya ukufakwa namasistimu usebenzisa umthwalo ongewona umugqa.
• Lapho useva, qaqa amabhethri okuqalisa futhi uwahlole ngawodwana, ngoba... Naphezu kokuba khona kwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi izilinganisi kanye nephaneli yokuqala eyisipele (RSP), ngenxa yebhethri elilodwa elingalungile, i-DD ingase ingaqali.
• Thatha izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokunciphisa umthwalo wama-harmonics wamanje.
• Bhala izinkundla zomsindo nezishisayo zokufakwa, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokudlidliza ukuze uthole impendulo esheshayo ekuboniseni kokuqala kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkinga zemishini.
• Gwema ukungasebenzi isikhathi eside kokufakwayo, thatha izinyathelo zokusabalalisa ngokulinganayo izinsiza zezimoto.
• Qedela ukufaka ngezinzwa zokudlidliza ukuze uvimbele izimo eziphuthumayo.
• Uma izindawo zomsindo nezokushisa zishintsha, ukudlidliza noma iphunga langaphandle livela, khipha ukufakwa emsebenzini ngokushesha ukuze uthole ukuxilonga okwengeziwe.

PS Umbhali angabonga ngempendulo ngesihloko se-athikili.

Source: www.habr.com