Izigxivizo zeminwe zesiphequluli: ukuthi siyini, sisebenza kanjani, noma sephula umthetho nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani. Ingxenye 2

Impendulo esuka ku Selectel: lena ingxenye yesibili yokuhunyushwa kwesihloko mayelana nezigxivizo zeminwe zesiphequluli (ungafunda owokuqala lapha). Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokusemthethweni kwezinsizakalo zezinkampani zangaphandle namawebhusayithi aqoqa izigxivizo zeminwe zesiphequluli zabasebenzisi abahlukene nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani ekuqoqeni ulwazi.

Manje-ke kuthiwani ngokuba semthethweni kokuqoqa izigxivizo zeminwe zesiphequluli?

Sifunde lesi sihloko kabanzi, kodwa asikwazanga ukuthola imithetho ethile (sikhuluma ngomthetho wase-US - inothi lomhleli). Uma ukwazi ukubona noma yimiphi imithetho elawula ukuqoqwa kwezigxivizo zeminwe zesiphequluli ezweni lakini, sicela usazise.

Kodwa e-European Union kunemithetho neziqondiso (ikakhulukazi, i-GDPR kanye ne-ePrivacy Directive) elawula ukusetshenziswa kwezigxivizo zeminwe zesiphequluli. Lokhu kusemthethweni ngokuphelele, kodwa kuphela uma inhlangano ingafakazela isidingo sokwenza umsebenzi onjalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvume yomsebenzisi iyadingeka ukuze usebenzise ulwazi. Ingabe kuliqiniso, kukhona okubili okuhlukile kusuka kulo mthetho:

• Uma izigxivizo zeminwe zesiphequluli zidingeka “ngenhloso eyodwa yokwenza ukudluliselwa komlayezo ngenethiwekhi yezokuxhumana ngogesi.”
• Lapho ukuqoqa izigxivizo zeminwe zesiphequluli kuyadingeka ukuze uhlanganise ukusebenzelana komsebenzisi kwedivayisi ethile. Isibonelo, uma usebenzisa iwebhu kusuka kudivayisi yeselula, ubuchwepheshe busetshenziselwa ukuqoqa nokuhlaziya izigxivizo zeminwe zesiphequluli ukuze kukunikeze inguqulo eyenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo.

Ngokunokwenzeka, imithetho efanayo iyasebenza nakwamanye amazwe. Ngakho-ke iphuzu elibalulekile lapha ukuthi isevisi noma isayithi lidinga imvume yomsebenzisi ukuze isebenze ngezigxivizo zeminwe zesiphequluli.

Kodwa kunenkinga - umbuzo awucacile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ezikhathini eziningi, umsebenzisi uboniswa kuphela isibhengezo esithi “Ngivumelana nemigomo yokusetshenziswa”. Yebo, isibhengezo sihlala siqukethe isixhumanisi semigomo ngokwayo. Kodwa ubani ozifundayo?

Ngakho ngokuvamile umsebenzisi ngokwakhe unikeza imvume yokuqoqa izigxivizo zeminwe zesiphequluli futhi ahlaziye lolu lwazi lapho echofoza inkinobho ethi "vuma".

Hlola izigxivizo zeminwe zesiphequluli sakho

Kulungile, ngenhla sixoxe ngokuthi iyiphi idatha engaqoqwa. Kodwa kuthiwani ngesimo esithile - isiphequluli sakho?

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi olungaqoqwa ngosizo lwayo, indlela elula ukusebenzisa insiza Ulwazi lwedivayisi. Izokukhombisa ukuthi yini umuntu wangaphandle angayithola esipheqululini sakho.

Bona lolu hlu olungakwesokunxele? Akugcini lapho, lonke uhlu luzovela njengoba uskrolela phansi ekhasini. Idolobha nesifunda akuvezwa esikrinini ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-VPN ngababhali.

Kukhona amanye amasayithi ambalwa akusiza ukuthi wenze ukuhlolwa kwezigxivizo zeminwe zesiphequluli. Lokhu I-Panopticlick kusuka ku-EFF kanye AmIUnique, indawo yomthombo ovulekile.

Iyini i-entropy yezigxivizo zeminwe yesiphequluli?

Lokhu ukuhlola ukuhluka kwezigxivizo zeminwe zesiphequluli sakho. Ukuphakama kwevelu ye-entropy, kuya phezulu ukuhluka kwesiphequluli.

I-entropy yezigxivizo zeminwe zesiphequluli ikalwa ngamabhithi. Ungahlola le nkomba kuwebhusayithi ye-Panopticlick.

Zinembe kangakanani lezi zivivinyo?

Ngokuvamile, bangathenjwa ngoba baqoqa idatha efanayo ncamashi nezisetshenziswa zezinkampani zangaphandle. Lokhu kwenzeka uma sihlola ukuqoqwa kolwazi iphuzu nephuzu.

Uma sikhuluma ngokuhlola ukuhluka, akukhona konke okuhle lapha, futhi nasi isizathu:

• Izingosi zokuhlola azinaki izigxivizo zeminwe ezingahleliwe, ezingatholwa, isibonelo, kusetshenziswa i-Brave Nightly.
• Amasayithi afana ne-Panopticlick ne-AmIUnique anengobo yomlando enkulu yedatha equkethe ulwazi mayelana neziphequluli ezindala nezidlulelwe yisikhathi abasebenzisi bazo abaqinisekisiwe. Ngakho-ke uma uhlola ngesiphequluli esisha, cishe uzothola amaphuzu aphezulu ngokuhluka kwezigxivizo zeminwe zakho, ngaphandle kokuthi amakhulu abanye abasebenzisi asebenzisa inguqulo yesiphequluli esifanayo nesakho.
• Okokugcina, abakunaki ukulungiswa kwesikrini noma ukushintsha usayizi wewindi lesiphequluli. Isibonelo, ifonti ingase ibe nkulu kakhulu noma ibe mncane kakhulu, noma umbala ungenza umbhalo kube nzima ukuwufunda. Noma ngabe siyini isizathu, izivivinyo azikunaki.

Ngokuvamile, ukuhlola okuhlukile kwezigxivizo zeminwe akusizi. Kuyafaneleka ukuwazama ukuze uthole ileveli yakho ye-entropy. Kodwa kungcono ukumane uhlole ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi olunikezayo "ngaphandle".

Ungazivikela kanjani ekugxilweni kweminwe yesiphequluli (izindlela ezilula)

Kuyafaneleka ukusho ngokushesha ukuthi ngeke kwenzeke ukuvimba ngokuphelele ukwakheka nokuqoqwa kwezigxivizo zeminwe yesiphequluli - lobu ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo. Uma ufuna ukuzivikela ngo-100%, udinga nje ukuthi ungayisebenzisi i-inthanethi.

Kodwa inani lolwazi oluqoqwe yizinsizakalo zezinkampani zangaphandle kanye nezinsiza lingancishiswa. Yilapho la mathuluzi azosiza khona.

Isiphequluli seFirefox esinezilungiselelo ezilungisiwe

Lesi siphequluli sihle kakhulu ekuvikeleni idatha yomsebenzisi. Muva nje, abathuthukisi bavikele abasebenzisi beFirefox ezigxivizweni zeminwe zezinkampani zangaphandle.

Kodwa izinga lokuvikela lingakhuphuka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuya kuzilungiselelo zesiphequluli sakho ngokufaka u-"mayelana:config" kubha yekheli. Bese ukhetha futhi ushintshe izinketho ezilandelayo:

• i-webgl.ikhutshaziwe - khetha "iqiniso".
• geo.enured — khetha “amanga”.
• privacy.resistFingerprinting - khetha "iqiniso". Le nketho inikeza ileveli eyisisekelo yokuvikela ekugxilweni kweminwe kwesiphequluli. Kodwa isebenza kakhulu uma ukhetha ezinye izinketho ohlwini.
• ubumfihlo.iqembu lokuqala.hlukanisa - shintshela “kweqiniso”. Le nketho ikuvumela ukuthi uvimbele amakhukhi ezizindeni zenkampani yokuqala.
• media.peerconnection.enikwe amandla - inketho yokuzikhethela, kodwa uma usebenza ne-VPN, kufanelekile ukuyikhetha. Kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwe-WebRTC nokuboniswa kwe-IP yakho.

Isiphequluli Esinesibindi

Esinye isiphequluli esisebenziseka kalula futhi esihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okukhulu kwedatha yomuntu siqu. Isiphequluli sivimba izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-tracker, sisebenzisa i-HTTPS lapho kunokwenzeka khona, futhi sivimba imibhalo.

Ukwengeza, i-Brave ikunikeza amandla okuvimba amathuluzi amaningi wokuphrinta iminwe esiphequluli.

Sisebenzise i-Panopticlick ukuze silinganisele ileveli ye-entropy. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Opera, kuvele ukuthi yi-16.31 bits esikhundleni se-17.89. Umehluko awumkhulu, kodwa usekhona.

Abasebenzisi abanesibindi baphakamise izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuvikela ngokumelene nezigxivizo zeminwe zesiphequluli. Kunemininingwane eminingi kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuyibhala esihlokweni esisodwa. Yonke imininingwane iyatholakala ku-Github yephrojekthi.

Izandiso zesiphequluli eziyisipesheli

Izandiso ziyisihloko esibucayi ngoba kwesinye isikhathi zikhulisa okuhlukile kwezigxivizo zeminwe zesiphequluli. Ukuthi uzisebenzise noma cha ukuzikhethela komsebenzisi.

Nakhu esingakuncoma:

• chameleon - ukuguqulwa kwamanani e-ejenti yomsebenzisi. Ungasetha imvamisa ukuthi “kanye njalo ngemizuzu eyi-10”, isibonelo.
• Ukulandelela - Ukuvikelwa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokuqoqwa kwezigxivizo zeminwe.
• Umsebenzisi we-Agent Switcher - yenza cishe into efanayo ne-Chameleon.
• I-Canvasblocker — isivikelo ekuqoqweni izigxivizo zeminwe zedijithali kumaseyili.

Kungcono ukusebenzisa isandiso esisodwa kunokuba zonke ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Isiphequluli se-Tor ngaphandle kwe-Tor Network

Asikho isidingo sokuchaza ku-Habré ukuthi siyini isiphequluli se-Tor. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, inikeza inani lamathuluzi okuvikela idatha yomuntu siqu:

• I-HTTPS noma kuphi nanoma kuphi.
• NoScript.
• Ivimba i-WebGl.
• Ivimba ukukhishwa kwesithombe sekhanvasi.
• Ukushintsha inguqulo ye-OS.
• Ukuvimbela ulwazi mayelana nendawo yesikhathi nezilungiselelo zolimi.
• Yonke eminye imisebenzi yokuvimba amathuluzi okuqapha.

Kodwa inethiwekhi ye-Tor ayihlaba umxhwele njengesiphequluli ngokwaso. Yingakho ke:

• Isebenza kancane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kukhona amaseva angaba ngu-6 2, kodwa mayelana nabasebenzisi abayizigidi ezi-XNUMX.
• Amasayithi amaningi avimba ithrafikhi yeTor, njengeNetflix.
• Kukhona ukuputshuka kolwazi lomuntu siqu, okunye okubi kakhulu okwenzeka ngo-2017.
• I-Tor inobudlelwane obungavamile nohulumeni wase-US - ingabizwa ngokuthi ukubambisana okuseduze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni unemali isekela i-Tor.
• Ungakwazi ukuxhuma ku indawo yomhlaseli.

Ngokuvamile, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa isiphequluli se-Tor ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi ye-Tor. Lokhu akulula ukwenza, kodwa indlela iyafinyeleleka impela. Umsebenzi uwukwakha amafayela amabili azokhubaza inethiwekhi ye-Tor.

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza lokhu ku-Notepad++. Ivule bese wengeza imigqa elandelayo kuthebhu yokuqala:

pref('general.config.filename', 'firefox.cfg');
pref('general.config.obscure_value', 0);

Bese uya kokuthi Hlela - Ukuguqulwa kwe-EOL, khetha i-Unix (LF) bese ulondoloza ifayela njenge-autoconfig.js ku-Tor Browser/defaults/pref directory.

Bese uvula ithebhu entsha bese ukopisha le migqa:

//
lockPref('network.proxy.type', 0);
lockPref('network.proxy.socks_remote_dns', amanga);
lockPref('extensions.torlauncher.start_tor', amanga);

Igama lefayela elithi firefox.cfg, lidinga ukugcinwa ku-Tor Browser/Browser.

Manje konke sekumi ngomumo. Ngemva kokwethulwa, isiphequluli sizobonisa iphutha, kodwa ungakwazi ukuziba lokhu.

Futhi yebo, ukuvala inethiwekhi ngeke kuthinte izigxivizo zeminwe zesiphequluli nganoma iyiphi indlela. I-Panopticlick ibonisa izinga le-entropy lamabhithi angu-10.3, elingaphansi kakhulu kunesiphequluli se-Brave (bekungu-16,31 bits).

Amafayela okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla angalandwa kusuka lapha.

Engxenyeni yesithathu neyokugcina, sizokhuluma ngezindlela eziqinile zokukhubaza ukubhekwa. Sizophinde sixoxe ngodaba lokuvikela idatha yomuntu siqu nolunye ulwazi sisebenzisa i-VPN.

Source: www.habr.com