Enye yama-racks wangaphakathi we-virtualization. Sidideke nenkomba yombala wezintambo: owolintshi usho ukufaka amandla angajwayelekile, okuluhlaza kusho ngisho.
Lapha sivame ukukhuluma "ngemishini emikhulu" - ama-chiller, amasethi ejeneretha edizili, ama-switchboards amakhulu. Namuhla sizokhuluma “ngezinto ezincane” - amasokhethi kuma-rack, aziwa nangokuthi yi-Power Distribution Unit (PDU). Izikhungo zethu zedatha zinama-racks angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingu-4 agcwele izinto ze-IT, ngakho-ke ngabona izinto eziningi ezisebenzayo: ama-PDU asendulo, "ahlakaniphile" anokuqapha nokulawula, amabhulokhi ajwayelekile. Namuhla ngizokutshela ukuthi yimaphi ama-PDU akhona nokuthi yini engcono ukukhetha esimweni esithile.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-PDU ezikhona?
I-socket block elula. Yebo, efanayo ehlala kuwo wonke amakhaya noma amahhovisi.
Ngokusemthethweni, lena akuyona impela i-PDU ngomqondo wokusetshenziswa kwezimboni kuma-racks anemishini ye-IT, kodwa la madivayisi nawo anabalandeli bawo. Inzuzo kuphela yalesi sixazululo izindleko zayo eziphansi (intengo iqala kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-2). Bangasiza futhi uma usebenzisa ama-rack avulekile, lapho ungakwazi ukulingana ne-PDU evamile, futhi ungafuni ukulahlekelwa amayunithi ngaphansi kwe-PDU evundlile. Lokhu kubuya embuzweni wokonga.
Kukhona okuningi okungalungile: amadivayisi anjalo awahlali enokuvikelwa kwangaphakathi kumasekethe amafushane nokulayishwa ngokweqile, awukwazi ukuqapha izinkomba, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu ngeke ukwazi ukulawula amasokhethi. Ngokuvamile zizotholakala ngaphansi kwe-rack. Lesi akusona isikhundla esikahle kakhulu sesokhethi yokunqamula imishini.
Ngokuvamile, "abashayeli bezindiza" bangasetshenziswa uma:
- unezinkulungwane zamaseva futhi udinga ukonga imali,
- ungakwazi ukukhokhela ukuxhuma imishini ngobumpumputhe, ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani ngokusetshenziswa kwangempela,
- isilungele ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwemishini.
Asikusebenzisi lokhu, kodwa sinamakhasimende akwenza ngempumelelo. Yiqiniso, bakha ingqalasizinda yezinsizakalo zabo ngendlela yokuthi ukwehluleka kwamaseva amaningi akuthinti ukusebenza kwesicelo seklayenti.
Kuyize futhi bejabule.
Ukubekwa okuqondile.
Ama-PDU "Ayisimungulu". Empeleni, lena i-PDU yakudala esetshenziswa kuma-racks anemishini ye-IT, futhi lokho sekuvele kuhle. Banesici sefomu esifanele sokubekwa ezinhlangothini zerack, okwenza kube lula ukuxhuma imishini kubo. Kukhona ukuvikeleka kwangaphakathi. Ama-PDU anjalo awanakho ukuqapha, okusho ukuthi ngeke sazi ukuthi yini imishini edla malini, nokuthi empeleni kwenzekani ngaphakathi. Cishe asinawo ama-PDU anjalo asele, futhi ngokuvamile ayashabalala kancane kancane ekusetshenzisweni kwabantu abaningi.
Ama-PDU anjalo abiza kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-25.
Ama-PDU “Ahlakaniphile” anokuqapha. Lawa madivayisi ane "ubuchopho" futhi angakwazi ukuqapha imingcele yokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Kukhona isibonisi lapho izinkomba eziyinhloko ziboniswa khona: i-voltage, yamanje namandla. Ungawalandela ngamaqembu ngamanye ezitolo: izigaba noma amabhange. Ungakwazi ukuxhuma ku-PDU enjalo ukude futhi ulungiselele ukuthumela idatha ohlelweni lokuqapha. Babhala izingodo lapho ungabona khona konke okwenzeka kuyo, isibonelo, lapho i-PDU ivaliwe.
Bangakwazi futhi ukubala ukusetshenziswa (kWh) kwe-accounting yobuchwepheshe ukuze baqonde ukuthi i-rack idla malini ngesikhathi esithile.
Lawa ama-PDU ajwayelekile esiwanikeza amakhasimende ethu ukuze aqashwe, futhi lawa iningi lama-PDU ezikhungweni zethu zedatha.
Uma uthenga, lungela ukukhipha ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-75 lilinye.
Igrafu evela ekuqaphelweni kwethu kwangaphakathi kwe-PDU.
Ama-PDU “Ahlakaniphile” anokulawula. Lawa ma-PDU engeza ukuphatha kumakhono achazwe ngenhla. Ama-PDU abanda kakhulu alawula futhi aqaphe i-outlet ngayinye: ungayivula/uvale, ngezinye izikhathi okudingekayo ezimeni lapho umsebenzi kuwukuqalisa kabusha ukude iseva ngenxa yamandla. Lokhu kokubili ubuhle kanye nobungozi bama-PDU anjalo: umsebenzisi ojwayelekile, ngokungazi, angangena ku-interface yewebhu, uchofoze okuthile futhi ngokuwa okukodwa aqalise kabusha / avale lonke uhlelo. Yebo, uhlelo luzokuxwayisa kabili ngemiphumela, kodwa ukuzijwayeza kubonisa ukuthi ngisho nama-alamu awavikeli ngaso sonke isikhathi ezenzweni zabasebenzisi bokuxhamazela.
Inkinga enkulu ngama-smart PDU ukushisa ngokweqile kanye nokwehluleka kwesilawuli nesibonisi. Ama-PDU ngokuvamile afakwa ngemuva kwe-rack, lapho umoya oshisayo ukhishwa khona. Kuyashisa lapho futhi izilawuli azikwazi ukukubamba. Kulokhu, i-PDU ayidingi ukushintshwa ngokuphelele; isilawuli singashintshwa sishise.
Nokho, izindleko ziphakeme impela - kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-120.
I-PDU yokulawula ingabonakala ngenkomba ngaphansi kwesokhethi ngayinye.
Ngokubona kwami, umsebenzi wokulawula ku-PDU uyindaba yokunambitha, kodwa ukuqapha kufanele kube nakho. Uma kungenjalo, ngeke kwenzeke ukulandelela ukusetshenziswa nokulayisha. Ngizokutshela ukuthi kungani lokhu kubalulekile kamuva nje.
Ungabala kanjani amandla e-PDU adingekayo?
Uma uthi nhlá, yonke into lapha ilula: amandla PDU akhethiwe ngokuhambisana amandla yokubeka, kodwa kukhona ama-nuances. Ake sithi udinga irack engu-10 kW. Abakhiqizi be-PDU banikeza amamodeli angu-3, 7, 11, 22 kW. Khetha i-11 kW, futhi, ngeshwa, uzobe unephutha. Kuzodingeka sikhethe angu-22 kW. Kungani sidinga ukudla okungaka? Ngizochaza konke manje.
Okokuqala, abakhiqizi bavame ukukhombisa amandla e-PDU kuma-kilowatts kune-kilovolt-amperes, okulungile kakhulu, kodwa okungabonakali kumuntu ovamile.
Kwesinye isikhathi abakhiqizi ngokwabo badala ukudideka okwengeziwe:
Lapha baqale bakhulume ngo-11 kW,
Futhi encazelweni enemininingwane sikhuluma nge-11000 VA:
Uma usebenzisana namaketela kanye nabathengi abafanayo, ngeke kube khona umehluko phakathi kwe-kW ne-kVA. Irack engu-10 kW enamaketela izodla u-10 kVA. Kodwa uma sinemishini ye-IT, khona-ke i-coefficient (cos φ) ibonakala lapho: imishini entsha, i-coefficient iseduze kweyodwa. Isilinganiso sasesibhedlela semishini ye-IT singaba ngu-0,93–0,95. Ngakho-ke, i-rack engu-10 kW ene-IT izodla u-10,7 kVA. Nansi indlela esithole ngayo i-10,7 kVA.
I-Ptotal= Isivumelwano./Cos(φ)
10/0.93=10.7 kVA
Hhayi-ke, uzobuza umbuzo ophusile: u-10,7 ungaphansi kuka-11. Kungani sidinga isilawuli kude esingu-22 kW? Kukhona iphuzu lesibili: izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwemishini lizohluka kuye ngesikhathi sosuku nosuku lwesonto. Lapho usakaza amandla, udinga ukuthatha lesi sikhathi ku-akhawunti futhi ubeke ~ 10% ngokuguquguquka nokukhuphuka, ukuze lapho ukusetshenziswa kukhuphuka, ama-PDU angangeni ekulayisheni ngokweqile futhi ashiye okokusebenza ngaphandle kwamandla.
Igrafu yokusetshenziswa kwe-rack engu-10 kW izinsuku ezingu-4.
Kuvele ukuthi kumele sengeze omunye u-10,7% ku-10 kW esinawo, ngenxa yalokho, i-remote control engu-11 kW ayisasifanele.
Imodeli yesilawuli kude
Izigaba
Amandla omkhiqizi, kVA
Amandla e-DtLN, kW
1 f
3,7
3
1 f
7,4
6
3 f
11
9
3 f
22
18
Isiqephu sethebula lamandla samamodeli athile e-PDU ngokuya ngeDathaLine. Kucatshangelwa ukuguqulwa kusuka ku-kVA kuye ku-kW kanye nendawo yokugcina ama-surges phakathi nosuku.
Izici ezikhuphukayo
Kulula kakhulu ukusebenza ne-PDU uma ifakwe iqonde phezulu, kwesokunxele nakwesokudla se-rack. Kulokhu, akuthathi noma iyiphi indawo ewusizo. Ngokujwayelekile, kungafakwa ama-PDU amane ku-rack - amabili kwesokunxele namabili kwesokudla. Ngokuvamile, i-PDU eyodwa ibekwa ohlangothini ngalunye. I-PDU ngayinye ithola okokufaka kwamandla okukodwa.
"Ikhithi yomzimba" ejwayelekile yerack ingama-2 PDU kanye ne-1 ATS.
Ngezinye izikhathi ayikho indawo ku-rack yama-PDU aqondile, isibonelo, uma i-rack evulekile. Bese kuthi ama-PDU avundlile azosiza. Into kuphela ukuthi kuleli cala kuzodingeka wamukele ukulahlekelwa amayunithi angu-2 kuya kwangu-4 ku-rack, kuye ngokuthi imodeli ye-PDU.
Lapha i-PDU idle amayunithi angu-4. Lolu hlobo lwe-PDU luphinde lusetshenziswe uma kudingekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamaklayenti amabili ku-rack efanayo. Kulokhu, iklayenti ngalinye lizoba nepheya ehlukile yama-PDU.
Kwenzeka ukuthi i-rack ekhethiwe ayijulile ngokwanele, futhi iseva iyaphuma, ivimbela i-PDU. Okudabukisa kakhulu lapha akukhona ukuthi amanye amasokhethi azobe engasebenzi, kodwa ukuthi uma i-PDU enjalo idilika, kuzodingeka uyingcwabe ngqo ku-rack, noma uvale futhi ususe yonke imishini ephazamisayo.
Ungakwenzi lokhu - 1.
Ungakwenzi lokhu - 2.
Imishini yokuxhuma
Ngisho ne-PDU eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngeke isize uma imishini ixhunywe ngokungalungile futhi ayikho indlela yokuqapha ukusetshenziswa.
Yini engase yonakale? Kancane . Irack ngayinye inokufakwa kwamandla okubili; irack evamile inama-PDU amabili. Kuvela ukuthi i-PDU ngayinye inokufaka kwayo. Uma kwenzeka okuthile kokukodwa kokufakwayo (funda i-PDU), i-rack iyaqhubeka nokuhlala okwesibili. Ukuze lolu hlelo lusebenze, udinga ukulandela imithetho ethile. Nazi eziyinhloko (ungathola uhlu olugcwele ):
Izinto zokusebenza kumele zixhunywe kuma-PDU ahlukene. Uma okokusebenza kunokunikezwa kwamandla okukodwa kanye nepulaki eyodwa, bese kuxhunywa ku-PDU nge-ATS (iswishi yokudlulisa ngokuzenzakalelayo) noma i-ATS (I-Automatic Transfer switch). Esimeni sezinkinga ngokukodwa kokufakwayo noma i-PDU ngokwayo, i-ATS ishintshela okokusebenza ku-PDU/kokufaka okunempilo. Amathuluzi ngeke ezwe lutho.
Umthwalo obhanqiwe kokokufaka okubili/i-PDU. Okokufaka kwekhophi yasenqolobaneni kuzosindisa kuphela uma kungamelana nomthwalo wokufakwayo okuwile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukushiya indawo ebekiwe: layisha okokufaka ngakunye ngaphansi kwengxenye yamandla alinganiselwe, futhi umthwalo ophelele kokufakiwe okubili wawungaphansi kuka-100% wegama. Kuphela kulesi simo okokufaka okusele kuzomelana nomthwalo ophindwe kabili. Uma kungenjalo kuwe, khona-ke iqhinga lokushintshela ekugcinweni ngeke lisebenze - imishini izohlala ingenawo amandla. Ukuvimbela okubi kakhulu ukuthi kwenzeke, thina le parameter.
Layisha ibhalansi phakathi kwezigaba ze-PDU. Amasokhethi e-PDU ahlanganiswa abe ngamaqembu - izigaba. Ngokuvamile 2 noma 3 izingcezu. Isigaba ngasinye sinomkhawulo waso wamandla. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungawedluli futhi usabalalise umthwalo ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izigaba. Nokho, indaba enemithwalo ebhanqiwe, okuxoxwe ngayo ngenhla, nayo isebenza lapha.
Ake ngifingqe
- Uma kungenzeka, khetha i-PDU enomsebenzi wokuqapha.
- Lapho ukhetha imodeli ye-PDU, shiya amandla athile.
- Faka i-PDU ukuze ishintshwe ngaphandle kokuphazamisa imishini yakho ye-IT.
- Xhuma ngendlela efanele: xhuma izinto zokusebenza kuma-PDU amabili, ungalayishi kakhulu izigaba futhi uqaphele imithwalo ebhanqiwe.
Source: www.habr.com