I-Plesk, i-cPanel noma i-ISPmanager: yini okufanele uyikhethe?

Kunzima ukuhlola wonke amaphaneli ahlinzekwa umhlinzeki ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, ngakho-ke siqoqe amathathu adume kakhulu ekubuyekezweni okufushane.

Ubunzima buvela lapho iklayenti lisuka ekuphathweni kwe-OS liye emisebenzini ehlobene nokubamba. Kufanele aphathe amawebhusayithi amaningi ane-CMS ehlukene nama-akhawunti amaningi abasebenzisi. Ukuze unciphise izindleko zabasebenzi, kufanelekile ukufaka iphaneli yokulawula ekuvumela ukuthi ulungiselele izinsizakalo ezifanele ngokusebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu. Abalingani babahlinzeki abathengisa izinsiza zabo kumakhasimende nabo bazoyidinga. Namuhla sizoqhathanisa imikhiqizo emithathu edumile etholakalayo lapho u-oda i-VPS ne-VDS ku-Linux.

Izici Uhlolojikelele

Amapaneli I-Plesk, cPanel и Umphathi we-ISP isofthiwe yokuphathelene esatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwamalayisensi ezohwebo. Okokuqala, ake siqhathanise amakhono abo ayisisekelo, afingqiwe ngenjongo yokucabangela nokucaca etafuleni elilodwa.

I-Plesk
cPanel
Umphathi we-ISP

I-OS esekelwe
Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS, RHEL, Cloud Linux, Amazon Linux, Virtuozzo Linux, Windows Server 
CentOS, CloudLinux, RHEL, Amazon Linux
CentOS, Debian, Ubuntu

Izindleko zelayisensi yosokhaya ongu-1 ngenyanga (kuwebhusayithi yonjiniyela)
$10 - $25 (kufika ku-$45 kuseva ezinikezele)
$15 - $45
₽282 — ₽847

Amaseva Ewebhu Asekelwe
Apache
Nginx 
Apache
Usekelo lwe-Nginx lungaphansi kokuhlolwa
Apache
Nginx 

Ukulawula ukufinyelela kwe-FTP 
+
+
+

I-DBMS esekelwe
MySQL
I-MSSQL
MySQL
MySQL
I-PostgreSQL

Ukuphathwa kwesevisi yemeyili
+
+
+

Ukusetha izizinda namarekhodi e-DNS
+ (ngesevisi yangaphandle)
+
+

Ukufakwa kwemibhalo kanye ne-CMS
+
+
+

Ama-plugin/amamojula
+
+
+ (imali encane)

Ezinye Izinguqulo ze-PHP 
+
+
+

Imenenja yefayela
+
+
+

Isipele
+
+
+

Imibhalo ye-imeyli 
Okwe-iOS ne-Android
-
-

Inhlangano yokubamba (ukudalwa kwabadayisi kanye nezinhlelo zentela)
Itholakala kwezinye izinhlelo
Zikhona
Itholakala ngenguqulo ye-ISPmanager Business

▍Plesk

Enye yezinketho eziguquguqukayo, ezifanele zonke izinhlobo zemisebenzi. Iphaneli ayisebenzi nje kuphela ngokusatshalaliswa kweLinux okususelwa ku-deb-based kanye ne-rpm-based, kodwa futhi neWindows. Nakuba amakhasimende e-Windows VPS/VDS engavamile ukudinga amathuluzi okuphatha ezinkampani zangaphandle, angafakwa uma efunwa. I-Plesk iphinde yehluke kwabaqhudelana nayo enanini elikhulu lama-software asekelwayo, okuhlanganisa. akuvamile ukusetshenziswa kumaseva ewebhu endabuko (Docker, NodeJS, Git, Ruby, njll.).

Onjiniyela banikela ngezinguqulo ezihlukene zomkhiqizo, okuhlanganisa inguqulo elula enesethi encane yezici. I-Plesk ikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe inguqulo ye-PHP yesayithi ngalinye, isekela i-PHP-fpm, inesifaki esakhelwe ngaphakathi se-CMS edumile, kanye nenani elikhulu lezandiso ezihambisana nokusebenza kwephaneli. Kuye ngohlelo, i-Plesk ingase ihlanganise iphaneli yokukhokha, kanye nekhono lokudala izinhlelo zentela ezihlukene nabadayisi - umkhiqizo ngokuyinhloko uhloselwe izinkampani ezibamba kanye nezitudiyo zewebhu, futhi ku-VPS/VDS ngayinye ukusebenza kwayo kubonakala kungenasidingo. Ububi obukhulu be-Plesk, ekhonjwe kulesi sigaba, yintengo ephezulu yamalayisensi kanye nesidingo sokuthenga izandiso.

▍cPanel & WHM

Le phaneli yakhelwe ukusebenza ne-RedHat Enterprise Linux nokunye ukusatshalaliswa kokunye okuphuma kokunye. Kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa iyasebenza impela: i-cPanel ikuvumela ukuthi uphathe amaseva ewebhu nezizindalwazi, usethe kalula imikhawulo yabasebenzisi abasingathayo, ulungise izinhlelo zentela, udale abadayisi, futhi uphathe isevisi ye-imeyili ngezihlungi namaposi. Njengase-Plesk, kunezici eziningi ezengeziwe, futhi ukusebenza kwe-cPanel kunwetshwa ngama-plugin okuhweba namahhala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithuluzi likuvumela ukuthi ukhethe izindlela ezihlukile zokusebenza nezinguqulo ezihlukile ze-PHP. Okubi kakhulu kuhlanganisa izindleko eziphakeme kakhulu zelayisensi kanye nokuntuleka kosekelo lokusatshalaliswa okusekelwe esikweletu.

▍Umphathi we-ISP

Iphaneli yokugcina esiyibukezile ihlukile kwamanye ngentengo yawo ephansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayisebenzi kuphela ku-CentOS (i-RHEL clone), kodwa naku-Debian/Ubuntu. Iphaneli yenzelwe imisebenzi yokubamba futhi ibuyekezwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Abasebenzisi banokufinyelela emibhalweni enemininingwane yolimi lwesiRashiya, ikhono lokusetha inguqulo ye-PHP kusayithi ngalinye futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo bafake izinguqulo ezimbalwa ze-DBMS ngaphakathi kweziqukathi ze-Docker. I-PHP-fpm iyasekelwa, kukhona isifaki esakhelwe ngaphakathi semibhalo edumile ne-CMS, kanye nenani lamamojula wokuhlanganisa anweba ukusebenza. 

Izindleko zamasheya RuVDS

Ithebula elingenhla libonisa ububanzi bentengo yamalayisensi e-Plesk, cPanel kanye ne-ISPmanager uma uwathenga kumawebhusayithi onjiniyela. Abahlinzeki abaningi bokusingatha banikeza ukuhlomisa ngokushesha iseva ngephaneli, futhi izindleko zelayisensi zingase zibe phansi. Njengengxenye yokunyuswa kukaNcibijane, i-RuVDS inika amakhasimende a-ode i-VPS ithuba lokusebenzisa i-ISPmanager Lite mahhala kuze kube ngumhla zingama-31 kuZibandlela 2019, kanye nohlelo lomlawuli wewebhu we-Plesk kuze kube nguJanuwari 31, 2020. Ngemuva kokuphela kwephromoshini, izindleko zamalayisense zizoba ngama-ruble angama-200 nama-650 ngenyanga. Inguqulo yesilingo ye-cPanel imahhala ukuyisebenzisa izinsuku eziyi-14, kodwa-ke uzodinga ilayisense ukuthola ngokuqondile kunjiniyela.

Ukuqala kokuqala

Amaklayenti ngeke abe nezinkinga ngokufaka nokwethula amaphaneli, njengoba sesivele sinakekele lokhu - esinye isizathu (ngaphandle kwentengo) ukuthenga ilayisense nge-hoster. Lapho u-oda iseva, udinga nje ukukhetha okukodwa kwezintathu ezitholakalayo: I-ISPmanager Lite, i-Plesk web admin edition noma i-cPanel & WHM enesikhathi sesivivinyo samahhala esiyizinsuku eziyi-14. Qaphela ukuthi nakuba i-Plesk ingasebenza ku-Windows Server, le nketho ayinikeziwe ngaphandle kwebhokisi. Uma udinga iphaneli ye-Microsoft OS, kuzodingeka uyifake ngokwakho. Lona umkhuba ovamile: I-VPS/VDS ku-Windows ayifakelwe isofthiwe yomuntu wesithathu. I-cPanel itholakala kuphela emishinini ye-CentOS, nayo engokwemvelo impela. 

Ukusethwa kokuqala nokudalwa kwamawebhusayithi ngeke kubangele ubunzima obuthile, kodwa izici zephaneli ngayinye ethile zibalulekile lapha. Ake sizame ukugqamisa amandla kanye nobuthakathaka babo.

▍Plesk

I-interface yomsebenzisi ye-Plesk iyafana nephaneli yokulawula ye-WordPress. Imenyu (iphaneli lokuzulazula) itholakala kwesokunxele, futhi indawo yokusebenza iphakathi nendawo. Imenyu ihlelwe ngokunengqondo, zonke izilungiselelo ziseduze. Ukufana kwesixhumi esibonakalayo nephaneli yokulawula ye-WordPress akuyona ngengozi: sithande ngempela ukuhlanganiswa okuseduze kwe-Plesk nale CMS ethandwayo, ukufakwa kwayo okuzenzakalelayo ngokugcwele lapha. Kulula kakhulu ukufaka ezinye izikripthi zezinkampani zangaphandle - lokhu kuhlanganisa okukhulu.
 

В правой части окна можно найти дополнительные элементы интерфейса, которые упрощают работу с панелью. Они содержат разнообразную информацию, позволяют быстро переходить в различные разделы настроек, а также предлагают установить дополнительное ПО. Главное преимущество Plesk — огромное количество расширений и совместимость с экзотическим для веб-хостинга софтом. Особенно нам понравилась поддержка Docker из коробки и богатый набор готовых образов (можно также загружать собственные).

 
Okokugcina, impukane encane kumafutha: kuhlelo lokuphatha iwebhu ye-Plesk kuphela imisebenzi eyisisekelo etholakalayo, ezinhlelweni ezibiza kakhulu uhlu lwazo lubanzi kakhulu. Nokho, lokhu kuyimpahla evamile yezinguqulo zeleveli yokungena.

▍cPanel & WHM

Lapha sithande ukuhlukaniswa kwama-akhawunti abe yizinhlobo ezimbili: abasebenzisi nabalawuli/abathengisi. Eqinisweni, umkhiqizo uqukethe amaphaneli amabili ahlukene: i-cPanel ngokwayo kanye ne-WebHost Manager (WHM). Esokuqala senzelwe abasebenzisi abasingatha abajwayelekile futhi kulula kakhulu ukusebenza nabo. 

Kubandakanya ikhono lokudala izinhlelo zentela, imisebenzi yabalawuli nabadayisi iyatholakala ngephaneli ye-WHM ekhethekile. I-interface yaleli phaneli ngokuvamile ihlelwa ngokunengqondo: ohlangothini lwesobunxele kukhona imenyu ecashile ye-hierarchical enebha yosesho, futhi kwesokudla kukhona indawo yokusebenza. Inezilungiselelo eziningi futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi lokhu kuhle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imenyu ye-WHM ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi elula. Ngenkathi siku-Plesk cishe asikaze kudingeke ukuthi sisebenzise usesho, lapha kunezinketho eziningi esigabeni ngasinye kangangokuthi ibha yokusesha iba ithuluzi lomlawuli eliyinhloko. 

▍Umphathi we-ISP

Umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwaleli phaneli yokulawula kanye nangaphambili ukusebenzelana okwenziwe lula futhi okunembile. Kwesokunxele kunemenyu yokuzulazula, futhi kwesokudla kukhona indawo yokusebenza. Ungakwazi ukuvula izinketho ezihlukahlukene zemenyu ngabanye noma ngesikhathi esisodwa kumathebhu wendawo yokusebenza - lokhu kulula kakhulu, ngoba abalawuli bavame ukudinga imisebenzi yephaneli ehlukene ngokuhambisana. Ngokungeziwe kulokho okuhlobene ngokuqondile nokusingathwa, abalawuli banokufinyelela kweminye imisebenzi eyengeziwe neyesistimu, njengokuskena okulwa namagciwane, umphathi wefayela, umhleli, noma i-firewall. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezengeziwe ezifakwe kuphakheji zihlanganisa i-Roundcube Webmail kanye ne-phpMyAdmin.

Sithande ukunethezeka kokusetha kokuqala kanye nekhono lokuvuselela isofthiwe ngokuzenzakalelayo, kanye nokugcwaliswa okuphelele kwe-Russian kwephaneli kanye nayo yonke imibhalo ehambisanayo - ukuthuthukiswa kwamanye amazwe kunobunzima ngalokhu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-interface eyenziwe lula ayihlali inokuguquguquka okudingekayo kwezilungiselelo, futhi inani lamamojula atholakalayo engeziwe we-ISPmanager lincane ngokushabalala uma liqhathaniswa namaqoqo e-Plesk ne-cPanel. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlelo olushibhe kakhulu lwe-Lite awukwazi ukudala abathengisi kanye nokulungiselelwa kweqoqo.

Ukuphepha

Iphaneli yokulawula inikeza abalawuli amandla abanzi kusistimu yokusebenza efakwe kuseva, ngakho-ke ukuba khona kobungozi okungenzeka kuyo kungaba yingozi. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukuze ufinyelele imisebenzi yawo wonke amaphaneli asohlwini, iphrothokholi esekela ukubethela ye-HTTPS enesitifiketi esizisayinele siyasetshenziswa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akekho ovimbela umsebenzisi ukuthi afake isitifiketi esithengiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cPanel ne-ISPmanager balungiselela ukuqinisekiswa kokungena kwezinto ezimbili kubaphathi/abathengisi namakhasimende. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cPanel inokuvikelwa okwengeziwe kwamathuluzi okuphatha: isibonelo, ayikuvumeli ukufinyelela kwe-phpMyAdmin ngesixhumanisi esiqondile. Futhi, womathathu amaphaneli abuyekezwa njalo, akuvumela ukuthi ufake izitifiketi ze-SSL zamasayithi (kuhlanganise nalawo azisayinele), futhi ungakwazi ukwengeza amamojula ahlobene nokuphepha kuwo, njengamathuluzi wokulwa namagciwane.

Isipele

I-Plesk isekela izipele ezigcwele nezikhuphukayo kwisitoreji sayo noma esisetshenziswa sangaphandle. Kulokhu, ungakha ikhophi ephelele yeseva yonke noma ikhophi yedatha yama-akhawunti womsebenzisi ngamunye. I-cPanel idala amakhophi acindezelwe, angacindezelwanga, futhi akhuphukayo - lawa agcinwa endaweni ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi kungenzeka ukwethula inqubo yokukopisha esimisweni kanye nokuntuleka kwesibonisi sayo sokuthola kabusha idatha.

Ngokombono wethu, izilungiselelo zokulondoloza ku-ISPmanager aziguquguquki ngokwanele, kodwa zonke izici eziyinhloko ziyatholakala kuleli phaneli: idatha igcinwa kunkomba yendawo noma kusisetshenziswa sangaphandle futhi ingavikelwa ngephasiwedi. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, yonke idatha yabasebenzisi iyakopishwa, nakuba lokhu kungashintshwa kuzilungiselelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilungiselelo zibonisa inani lezipele ezigcwele nezansuku zonke.

Izinzuzo nokungalungi 

Womathathu amaphaneli abuyekeziwe aphezulu ohlwini lwaziwayo kakhulu futhi ahlukaniswa ngokusebenza kwawo okubanzi. I-Plesk isekela isofthiwe ehlukahlukene futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uxazulule izinkinga eziningi. Zingaphezu kuka-200 izithombe ezihlukene ze-Docker ezitholakala kubasebenzisi, futhi inani elikhulu lezandiso zenza i-Plesk ibe ithuluzi lomhlaba wonke, elifanele hhayi kuphela ukuhlela ukusingathwa. I-cPanel yakhelwe ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlobene nokubamba, futhi abathuthukisi bahlukanise ukufinyelela emisebenzini ehlukene ngamaleveli amabili: amaphaneli ahlukene enzelwe abasebenzisi abajwayelekile nabaphathi. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuqaphela izimfuno eziphezulu zezinsiza zekhompyutha - i-cPanel akufanele ifakwe ku-VPS enamandla aphansi. Iphaneli ye-ISPmanager nayo ihloselwe ukuphathwa kokusingatha. Kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ayidingi izinsiza futhi ayibizi - mhlawumbe lena inketho engcono kakhulu ye-VPS yezinga lokungena noma kubaphathi nabasingathi be-novice.

Source: www.habr.com