Amaphuzu abalulekile

• Iminyaka eminingana manje sithenjiswe ukuthi i-serverless computing (serverless) izovula inkathi entsha ngaphandle kwe-OS ethile yokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza. Satshelwa ukuthi isakhiwo esinjalo sizoxazulula izinkinga eziningi zokuqina. Eqinisweni, konke kuhlukile.
• Nakuba abaningi bebona ubuchwepheshe obungenasiphakeli njengombono omusha, izimpande zabo zingalandelelwa emuva ku-2006 nge-Zimki PaaS kanye ne-Google App Engine, zombili ezisebenzisa i-architecture engenaseva.
• Kunezizathu ezine zokuthi kungani i-serverless revolution imile, kusukela ekusekelweni okulinganiselwe kolimi lokuhlela kuya ezinkingeni zokusebenza.
• Ikhompuyutha engenamaseva ayisebenzi kangako. Kukude nakho. Nokho, akufanele zibonwe njengokuthatha indawo okuqondile kwamaseva. Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, zingaba ithuluzi eliwusizo.

Iseva ifile, phila isikhathi eside iseva!

Lokhu ukukhala kwempi yabalandeli benguquko engenamaseva. Ukubheka ngokushesha umshini wokunyathelisa wemboni eminyakeni embalwa edlule kwanele ukuphetha ngokuthi imodeli yeseva yendabuko ifile nokuthi eminyakeni embalwa sizobe sisebenzisa izakhiwo ezingenasiphakeli.

Njengoba noma ubani embonini azi, futhi njengoba siphinde saveza esihlokweni sethu isimo sekhompyutha engenasiphakeli, akulungile lokhu. Naphezu kwezihloko eziningi mayelana nokufaneleka inguquko engenasiphakeli, akuzange kwenzeke. Empeleni, ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhombisaukuthi lokhu kuguquguquka kungenzeka ukuthi sekufinyelele ekugcineni.

Ezinye zezithembiso zamamodeli angenaseva ziye zagcwaliseka ngokuqinisekile, kodwa hhayi zonke. Akuwona wonke umuntu.

Kulesi sihloko ngifuna ukucabangela izizathu zalesi simo. Kungani ukuntuleka kokuguquguquka kwamamodeli angenasiphakeli kuseyisithiyo ekuthathweni kwawo okubanzi, nakuba ehlala ewusizo ezimweni ezithile, ezichazwe kahle.

Lokho okuthenjisiwe ama-adepts we-serverless computing

Ngaphambi kokudlulela ezinkingeni zekhompiyutha engenasiphakeli, ake sibone ukuthi yini ababezokunikeza. Izithembiso zoguquko olungenasiphakeli babebaningi futhi - ngezinye izikhathi - befisa kakhulu.

Kulabo abangalazi leli gama, nansi incazelo emfushane. I-serverless computing ichaza i-architecture lapho izinhlelo zokusebenza (noma izingxenye zezinhlelo zokusebenza) zisebenza ngokufunwa kakhulu ezindaweni zesikhathi sokusebenza ezivame ukusingathwa ukude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasistimu angenawo amaseva angabanjwa. Ukwakha amasistimu aqinile angenasiphakeli kube yinto ekhathaza kakhulu abaphathi besistimu nezinkampani ze-SaaS eminyakeni embalwa edlule, njengoba (kuthiwa) lesi sakhiwo sinikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile ezimbalwa ngaphezu kwemodeli "yendabuko" yeklayenti/yeseva:

1. Amamodeli angenaseva awadingi ukuthi abasebenzisi banakekele amasistimu abo okusebenza noma bakhe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihambisana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Esikhundleni salokho, abathuthukisi benza ikhodi eyabiwe, bayilayishe endaweni engenaseva, futhi bayibuke isebenza.
2. Izinsiza kuzinhlaka ezingenasiphakeli zivame ukukhokhiswa ngeminithi (noma imizuzwana). Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaklayenti akhokhela kuphela isikhathi lapho enza khona ikhodi. Lokhu kuqhathaniswa kahle ne-VM yefu yendabuko, lapho umshini ungenzi lutho isikhathi esiningi, kodwa kufanele ukhokhele.
3. Inkinga yokuqina kwayo yaxazululeka. Izinsiza kuzinhlaka ezingenasiphakeli zinikezwa ngamandla ukuze uhlelo lukwazi ukubhekana kalula nokukhuphuka okungazelelwe kwesidingo.

Ngamafuphi, amamodeli angenawo amaseva ahlinzeka ngezisombululo eziguquguqukayo, ezingabizi kakhulu, nezingalawuleki. Ngimangele ngokuthi asizange sicabange ngalo mbono ngaphambili.

Ingabe lona umqondo omusha ngempela?

Empeleni umqondo awumusha. Umqondo wokuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhokhele kuphela isikhathi lapho ikhodi isebenza khona ubulokhu ukhona kusukela yethulwa ngaphansi kwe Zimki PaaS ngo-2006, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Google App Engine yaqhamuka nesixazululo esifanayo.

Eqinisweni, lokho manje esikubiza ngokuthi imodeli "engenasiphakeli" indala kunobuchwepheshe obuningi manje obubizwa ngokuthi "umdabu wamafu" obuhlinzeka cishe ngokufana. Njengoba kuphawuliwe, amamodeli angenawo amaseva empeleni ayisandiso semodeli yebhizinisi le-SaaS osekungamashumi eminyaka ikhona.

Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi imodeli engenaseva ayiyona i-architecture ye-FaaS, nakuba kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kokubili. I-FaaS empeleni iyingxenye yekhompiyutha-centric yezakhiwo ezingenasiphakeli, kodwa ayimeli lonke uhlelo.

Ngakho kungani konke lokhu ku-hype? Nokho, njengoba izinga lokungena kwe-inthanethi emazweni asathuthuka liqhubeka nokukhuphuka, kanjalo nesidingo sezinsiza zekhompyutha. Isibonelo, amazwe amaningi anemikhakha ye-e-commerce ekhula ngokushesha ayinayo ingqalasizinda yekhompyutha yezinhlelo zokusebenza kulezi zindawo. Yilapho amapulatifomu akhokhelwayo angenasiphakeli engena khona.

Izinkinga ngamamodeli angenawo amaseva

Okubambekayo ukuthi amamodeli angenaseva ane… izinkinga. Ungangizwa kabi: Angisho ukuthi babi futhi bona ngokwabo noma abahlinzeki ngenani elibalulekile kwezinye izinkampani kwezinye izimo. Kodwa isimangalo esiyinhloko "soguquko" - ukuthi i-serverless architecture izothatha indawo yendabuko ngokushesha - ayifezeki.

Yingakho ke.

Ukusekelwa okulinganiselwe kwezilimi zokuhlela

Amapulatifomu amaningi angenaseva avumela kuphela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibhalwe ngezilimi ezithile ukuthi zisebenze. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ukuguquguquka nokuvumelana nezimo zalezi zinhlelo.

Izinkundla ezingenaseva zibhekwa njengesekela izilimi eziningi ezinkulu. I-AWS Lambda kanye ne-Azure Functions iphinde inikeze isembozo sokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza nemisebenzi ngezilimi ezingasekelwe, nakuba lokhu kuvame ukuza ngezindleko zokusebenza. Ngakho ezinhlanganweni eziningi, lo mkhawulo ngokuvamile awuyona into enkulu. Kodwa nansi into. Enye yezinzuzo zamamodeli angenayo iseva kufanele kube ukuthi izinhlelo ezingacacile, ezingasetshenziswa njalo zingasetshenziswa ezishibhile ngoba ukhokhela kuphela isikhathi ezisebenza ngaso. Futhi izinhlelo ezingacacile, ezingavamile ukusetshenziswa zivame ukubhalwa... izilimi zokuhlela ezingacacile, ezingavamile ukusetshenziswa.

Lokhu kubukela phansi enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zemodeli engenaseva.

Ukubophezela kumthengisi

Inkinga yesibili ngezinkundla ezingenaseva, noma okungenani indlela ezisetshenziswa ngayo njengamanje, ukuthi ngokuvamile azibukeki ngokufanayo ezingeni lokusebenza. Akukho kumiswa ngokwemisebenzi yokubhala, ukuthunyelwa kanye nokuphatha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuthutha izici zisuka kwenye ingxenyekazi ziye kwenye kudla isikhathi kakhulu.

Ingxenye enzima kakhulu yokuthuthela kumodeli engenasiphakeli akuzona izici zokubala, ezivame ukuba amazwibela nje ekhodi, kodwa ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza zixhumana kanjani namasistimu axhunyiwe njengokugcinwa kwezinto, ukuphathwa kobunikazi, nolayini. Imisebenzi ingasuswa, kodwa lonke uhlelo lokusebenza alukwazi. Lokhu kuphambene ncamashi nezinkundla ezishibhile neziguquguqukayo ezithenjisiwe.

Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi amamodeli angenayo iseva masha futhi akubanga khona isikhathi sokumisa indlela asebenza ngayo. Kepha azizintsha kangako, njengoba ngiphawulile ngenhla, nobunye ubuchwepheshe obuningi bamafu obufana neziqukathi sebuvele bube lula kakhulu ngenxa yokuthuthuka nokwamukelwa okusabalele kwezindinganiso ezinhle.

Ukukhiqiza

Ukusebenza kwekhompuyutha kwamapulatifomu angenaseva kunzima ukukukala, ngenxa yokuthi abathengisi bavame ukugcina imininingwane iyimfihlo. Abaningi baphikisa ngokuthi izici ezitholakala ezisekelweni ezikude, ezingenasiphakeli zisebenza ngokushesha njengoba zenza kumaseva angaphakathi, londoloza izinkinga ezimbalwa ezingenakugwemeka zokubambezeleka.

Nokho, obunye ubufakazi bubonisa okuhlukile. Imisebenzi engakaze isebenze endaweni ethile ngaphambilini, noma engazange isebenze isikhathi eside, ithatha isikhathi ukuqalisa. Lokhu kungenzeka kungenxa yokuthi ikhodi yabo ifakwe endaweni yokugcina okufinyeleleka kalula kuyo, nakuba - njengakumabhentshimakhi - abathengisi abaningi ngeke bakutshele mayelana nokuthuthwa kwedatha.

Yiqiniso, kunezindlela eziningana zokuzungeza lokhu. Enye iwukuthuthukisa izici zanoma yiluphi ulimi lwamafu inkundla yakho engenaseva esebenza kuyo, kodwa lokho kubukela phansi isimangalo sokuthi lezi zinkundla "ziyashesha".

Enye indlela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibaluleke kakhulu zisebenza njalo ukuze zigcinwe "zintsha". Le ndlela yesibili, yiqiniso, iphikisana nesimangalo sokuthi amapulatifomu angenawo amaseva abiza kakhulu ngoba ukhokha kuphela isikhathi lapho izinhlelo zakho zisebenza. Abahlinzeki bamafu bethule izindlela ezintsha zokunciphisa ukuqaliswa okubandayo, kodwa eziningi zazo zidinga "isikali kuya kwesinye", esibukela phansi inani langempela le-FaaS.

Inkinga yokuqalisa okubandayo ingaxazululwa ngokwengxenye ngokusebenzisa amasistimu angenasiphakeli endlini, kodwa lokhu kuza ngezindleko zakhona futhi kuhlala kuyinketho ye-niche yamaqembu anezinsiza ezinhle.

Awukwazi ukusebenzisa zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza

Okokugcina, mhlawumbe isizathu esibaluleke kakhulu sokuthi kungani izakhiwo ezingenasiphakeli zingeke zithathe indawo yamamodeli endabuko noma nini maduze ukuthi (ngokuvamile) azikwazi ukusebenzisa zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza.

Ngokunembayo, akunakwenzeka ngokombono wezindleko. I-monolith yakho ephumelelayo cishe akufanele iguqulwe ibe isethi yemisebenzi eyishumi nambili eboshwe ndawonye ngamasango ayisishiyagalombili, olayini abangamashumi amane, kanye nezimo zesizindalwazi eziyishumi nambili. Ngalesi sizathu, i-serverless ifaneleka kangcono ukuthuthukiswa okusha. Cishe alukho uhlelo lokusebenza olukhona (izakhiwo) olungathuthwa. Ungafuduka, kodwa kufanele uqale phansi.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, amapulatifomu angenawo amaseva asetshenziswa njengomphelelisi wamaseva angemuva ukuze enze imisebenzi enzima ngokwekhompyutha. Lokhu kuhluke kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo ezimbili zekhompuyutha yamafu, iziqukathi nemishini ebonakalayo, enikeza indlela ephelele yokwenza ikhompuyutha ekude. Lokhu kukhombisa enye yezinselelo zokufuduka kusuka kuma-microservices kuye kumasistimu angenaseva.

Yiqiniso, lokhu akuyona inkinga ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ikhono lokusebenzisa izinsiza ezinkulu zekhompiyutha ngezikhathi ezithile ngaphandle kokuthenga ihadiwe lakho lingaletha izinzuzo zangempela nezihlala njalo ezinhlanganweni eziningi. Kodwa uma ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zikumaseva angaphakathi kanti ezinye zisezindaweni zezakhiwo zamafu ezingenasiphakeli, abaphathi bangena ezingeni elisha lobunzima.

Uphile isikhathi eside uguquko?

Naphezu kwazo zonke lezi zikhalazo, angiphikisani nezixazululo ezingenayo iseva ngayinye. Thembeka. Ukuthi nje onjiniyela badinga ukuqonda - ikakhulukazi uma behlola amamodeli angenasiphakeli okokuqala ngqa - ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe abukhona ukumiselela okuqondile amaseva. Kunalokho, hlola amathiphu ethu nezisetshenziswa ku ukwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingenaseva bese unquma ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani le modeli.

Source: www.habr.com