ULwesihlanu omuhle nonke! Bangane, namuhla siqhubeka nochungechunge lwezincwadi ezinikezelwe esifundweni , ngoba amakilasi eqenjini elisha lesifundo azoqala ekupheleni kwesonto elizayo. Ngakho, ake siqale!
Ukuqapha kuyinto nje. Lokhu kuyiqiniso elaziwayo. Khulisa i-Nagios, sebenzisa i-NRPE kusistimu ekude, lungiselela i-Nagios ku-NRPE TCP port 5666 futhi unokuqapha.
Kulula kakhulu akuthakazelisi. Manje usunamamethrikhi ayisisekelo esikhathi se-CPU, isistimu engaphansi kwediski, i-RAM, ehlinzekwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-Nagios naku-NRPE. Kodwa lokhu empeleni akukhona "ukuqapha" njengoba kunjalo. Lesi yisiqalo nje.
(Imvamisa bafaka i-PNP4Nagios, i-RRDtool ne-Thruk, bamise izaziso ku-Slack futhi baqonde ngqo ku-nagiosexchange, kodwa masikushiye lokho okwamanje).
Ukuqapha okuhle empeleni iyinkimbinkimbi impela, udinga ngempela ukwazi abangaphakathi bohlelo lokusebenza oluqaphayo.
Ingabe ukuqapha kunzima?
Noma iyiphi iseva, kungaba iLinux noma iWindows, ngokwencazelo izofeza injongo ethile. I-Apache, i-Samba, i-Tomcat, isitoreji sefayela, i-LDAP - zonke lezi zinsizakalo zihluke kakhulu esicini esisodwa noma ngaphezulu. Ngayinye inomsebenzi wayo, izici zayo. Kunezindlela ezihlukene zokuthola amamethrikhi, ama-KPI (izinkomba zokusebenza ezibalulekile), ezithakaselayo kuwe uma iseva ingaphansi komthwalo.
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(Ngifisa sengathi amadeshibhodi ami abe yi-neon eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - ephefumula ngokuphupha -... hmm...)
Noma iyiphi isofthiwe ehlinzeka ngamasevisi kufanele ibe nendlela yokuqoqa amamethrikhi. I-Apache inemojuli mod-status, ukuveza ikhasi lesimo seseva. I-Nginx ine- stub_status. I-Tomcat ine-JMX noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu zangokwezifiso ezibonisa amamethrikhi angukhiye. I-MySQL inomyalo othi "bonisa isimo somhlaba wonke" njll.
Pho kungani onjiniyela bengakhi izindlela ezifanayo ezinhlelweni abazenzayo?
Ingabe onjiniyela kuphela abenza lokhu?
Izinga elithile lokungabi nandaba nokushumeka kwamamethrikhi alikhawulelwe konjiniyela kuphela. Ngisebenze ezinkampanini lapho zenze khona izinhlelo zokusebenza zisebenzisa i-Tomcat futhi azizange zinikeze noma yimaphi amamethrikhi azo, awekho amalogi omsebenzi wesevisi, ngaphandle kwamalogi wephutha ajwayelekile we-Tomcat. Abanye onjiniyela bakhiqiza amalogi amaningi angasho lutho kumphathi wesistimu ongaba neshwa lokuwafunda ngo-3:15 ekuseni.
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Onjiniyela besistimu abenza ukuthi imikhiqizo enjalo ikhishwe kumele nabo bathwale umthwalo wemfanelo walesi simo. Bambalwa onjiniyela bezinhlelo abanesikhathi noma ukunakekela ukuzama ukukhipha amamethrikhi abalulekile kulogi, ngaphandle komongo walawo mamethrikhi kanye nekhono lokuwatolika ngokuhambisana nomsebenzi wohlelo lokusebenza. Abanye abaqondi ukuthi bangazuza kanjani kukho, ngaphandle kwezinkomba zokuthi "okuthile okwamanje (noma okuzokwenzeka) okungalungile".
Ushintsho ekucabangeni mayelana nesidingo samamethrikhi akumele lwenzeke phakathi konjiniyela kuphela, kodwa naphakathi konjiniyela bezinhlelo.
Kunoma yimuphi unjiniyela wezinhlelo odinga ukungaphenduli nje kuphela ezehlakalweni ezibucayi, kodwa futhi aqinisekise ukuthi azenzeki, ukuntuleka kwamamethrikhi kuvame ukuba isithiyo ekwenzeni kanjalo.
Nokho, onjiniyela bezinhlelo ngokuvamile abahlanganisi ikhodi ukuze benzele inkampani yabo imali. Badinga onjiniyela abaholayo abaqonda ukubaluleka kwesibopho sikanjiniyela wezinhlelo ekuhlonzeni izinkinga, ukuqwashisa ngezinkinga zokusebenza, nokunye okunjalo.
Le nto iyashisa
Ingqondo ye-devops ichaza ukusebenzisana phakathi kwentuthuko (dev) kanye nokusebenza (ops) ukucabanga. Noma iyiphi inkampani ethi "yenza ama-devops" kumele:
- besho izinto okungenzeka abazenzi (ebhekisela ku-The Princess Bride meme - "Angicabangi ukuthi kusho ukuthi ucabanga ukuthi kusho ukuthini!")
- Khuthaza isimo sengqondo sokuthuthukisa umkhiqizo okuqhubekayo.
Awukwazi ukuthuthukisa umkhiqizo futhi wazi ukuthi uthuthukisiwe uma ungazi ukuthi usebenza kanjani njengamanje. Ngeke wazi ukuthi umkhiqizo usebenza kanjani uma ungaqondi ukuthi izingxenye zawo zisebenza kanjani, izinsizakalo oncike kuzo, amaphuzu awo ayinhloko ezinhlungu kanye nokuvinjwa kwawo.
Uma ungabheki izinkinga ezingase zibe khona, ngeke ukwazi ukulandela inqubo ye-Five Whys lapho ubhala i-Postmortem. Ngeke ukwazi ukubeka yonke into esikrinini esisodwa ukuze ubone ukuthi umkhiqizo usebenza kanjani noma wazi ukuthi ubukeka kanjani "ovamile futhi ujabule."
Shift kwesokunxele, LEFT, NGATHI LEEEE—
Kimi, omunye wezimiso ezibalulekile ze-Devops “ukushintsha kwesokunxele”. U-Shift kwesokunxele kulo mongo usho ukushintsha okungenzeka (akukho sibopho, kodwa amakhono kuphela) ukwenza izinto onjiniyela bezinhlelo abavame ukuzinaka, njengokudala amamethrikhi okusebenza, ukusebenzisa amalogi ngempumelelo kakhulu, njll., kwesokunxele Kumjikelezo Wokuphila Wokulethwa Kwesofthiwe.
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Abathuthukisi be-Software kumele bakwazi ukusebenzisa futhi bazi amathuluzi okuqapha asetshenziswa yinkampani ukuze ikwazi ukwenza ukuqapha ngazo zonke izinhlobo zayo, amamethrikhi, ukugawulwa kwemithi, izixhumanisi zokuqapha futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, buka ukuthi umkhiqizo wabo usebenza kanjani ekukhiqizeni. Awukwazi ukuthola onjiniyela ukuthi batshale umzamo nesikhathi ekuqapheni baze babone amamethrikhi futhi babe nomthelela endleleni abukeka ngayo, indlela umnikazi womkhiqizo wethula ngayo ku-CTO esithangamini esilandelayo, njll.
Ngikhuluma nje
- Hola ihhashi lakho emanzini. Bonisa onjiniyela ukuthi ingakanani inkinga abangayigwema bona ngokwabo, basize bakhombe ama-KPI namamethrikhi alungile wezinhlelo zabo zokusebenza ukuze kunciphe ukukhala okuvela kumnikazi womkhiqizo othethiswa i-CTO. Zingenise ekukhanyeni, ngobumnene nangokuzola. Uma lokho kungasebenzi, fumbathisa, usongele, futhi ucashe bona noma umnikazi womkhiqizo ukuthi asebenzise ukuthola lawa mamethrikhi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ngokushesha okukhulu, bese udweba imidwebo. Lokhu kuzoba nzima njengoba kungeke kubonakale njengokubalulekile futhi umgwaqo womkhiqizo uzoba namaphrojekthi amaningi okukhiqiza imali asalindile. Ngakho-ke, uzodinga icala lebhizinisi ukuze uchaze isikhathi nezindleko ezichithwe ekusebenziseni ukuqapha emkhiqizweni.
- Siza onjiniyela besistimu bathole ubuthongo obuhle. Babonise ukuthi ukusebenzisa uhlu lokuhlola "asikhulule" lwanoma yimuphi umkhiqizo okhishwayo kuyinto enhle. Futhi ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ekukhiqizweni zimbozwe ngamamethrikhi kuzokusiza ukuthi ulale kangcono ebusuku ngokuvumela onjiniyela ukuthi babone ukuthi kwenzakalani nokuthi kuphi. Nokho, indlela efanele yokucasula nokukhungathekisa noma yimuphi umthuthukisi, umnikazi womkhiqizo, noma i-CTO ukuphikelela nokumelana. Lokhu kuziphatha kuzothinta idethi yokukhishwa kwanoma yimuphi umkhiqizo uma ulinda kuze kube umzuzu wokugcina futhi, ngakho suka kwesokunxele futhi ufake lezi zinkinga ohlelweni lwakho lwephrojekthi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma kunesidingo, yenza indlela yakho yokuya emihlanganweni yomkhiqizo. Gqoka amadevu mbumbulu futhi uzizwe noma okuthile, akusoze kwahluleka. Khuluma okukukhathazayo, bonisa izinzuzo ezicacile, futhi ushumayele ivangeli.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi kokubili ukuthuthukiswa (i-dev) nokusebenza (ama-ops) kuyayiqonda incazelo kanye nomphumela wamamethrikhi womkhiqizo ukuya endaweni ebomvu. Ungayishiyi i-Ops njengomnakekeli oyedwa wezempilo yomkhiqizo, qiniseka ukuthi onjiniyela nabo bayabandakanyeka (#productsquads).
- Amalogi ayinto enhle, kodwa anjalo namamethrikhi. Zihlanganise futhi ungavumeli izingodo zakho zibe udoti ebholeni elikhulu elivuthayo elingenamsebenzi. Chaza futhi ubonise abathuthukisi ukuthi kungani kungekho omunye umuntu ozoqonda izingodo zabo, babonise ukuthi kunjani ukubuka izingodo ezingenamsebenzi ngo-3:15 ekuseni.
Umbhali wesithombe on
Yilokho kuphela. Izinto ezintsha zizokhishwa ngesonto elizayo. Uma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe mayelana nesifundo, sikumema ukuthi , ezokwenzeka ngoMsombuluko. Futhi manje ngokwesiko silindele ukuphawula kwakho.
Source: www.habr.com