Uma kuziwa ekuzenzekeleni kwezinqubo embonini ye-petrochemical, i-stereotype ivame ukuvela ukuthi ukukhiqiza kuyinkimbinkimbi, okusho ukuthi yonke into engafinyelelwa iyazisebenzela lapho, ngenxa yezinhlelo zokulawula inqubo ezizenzakalelayo. Empeleni akunjalo neze.
Imboni ye-petrochemical ngempela i-automated kahle, kodwa lokhu kuthinta inqubo yobuchwepheshe eyinhloko, lapho ukuzenzekelayo kanye nokunciphisa isici somuntu kubaluleke kakhulu. Zonke izinqubo ezihlobene azizenzeki ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zezixazululo zokulawula inqubo ezizenzakalelayo futhi zenziwa mathupha. Ngakho-ke, isimo lapho kanye njalo emahoreni ambalwa isisebenzi sihlola ngesandla ukuthi ingabe lokhu noma lelo payipi lishise kahle yini, ukuthi inkinobho edingekayo ivuliwe yini nokuthi i-valve ihoxisiwe, ukuthi izinga lokudlidliza le-bearing livamile - lokhu kuyinto evamile. .
Izinqubo eziningi ezingabalulekile azizenzekelanga, kodwa lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-inthanethi Yezinto kunezinhlelo zokulawula inqubo ezizenzakalelayo.
Ngeshwa, kunenkinga lapha - igebe lokuxhumana phakathi kwamakhasimende avela embonini ye-petrochemical kanye nabathuthukisi bensimbi ngokwabo, abangenawo amakhasimende embonini kawoyela negesi futhi, ngokufanele, abatholi ulwazi mayelana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa kwemishini. ezindaweni ezinolaka, eziqhumayo, ezimweni zezulu ezinzima, njll.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizokhuluma ngale nkinga nokuthi ungayixazulula kanjani.
IoT ku-petrochemicals
Ukuhlola amanye amapharamitha, sisebenzisa ukuhamba-phambili ngenjongo yokuhlola okubonakalayo nokuthintekayo kwezingxenye zokufaka ezingabalulekile. Enye yezinkinga ezivamile ihlobene nokuhlinzekwa kwesitimu. I-Steam iyisibambisi sezinqubo eziningi ze-petrochemical, futhi inikezwa kusuka endaweni yokushisisa kuya endaweni yokugcina ngamapayipi amade. Kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi amafektri ethu kanye nokufakwa kutholakala ezimweni zezulu ezinzima, ubusika eRussia bunzima, futhi ngezinye izikhathi amanye amapayipi aqala ukuba yiqhwa.
Ngakho-ke, ngokwemithethonqubo, izisebenzi ezithile kufanele zenze imijikelezo kanye ngehora futhi zilinganise izinga lokushisa lamapayipi. Esilinganisweni sesitshalo sonke, leli inani elikhulu labantu abacishe bangenzi lutho ngaphandle kokuhambahamba futhi bathinte amapayipi.
Okokuqala, akulungile: amazinga okushisa angaba phansi, futhi kufanele uhambe ibanga elide. Okwesibili, ngale ndlela akunakwenzeka ukuqoqa futhi, ikakhulukazi, ukusebenzisa idatha ngenqubo. Okwesithathu, kuyabiza: bonke laba bantu kufanele benze umsebenzi owusizo kakhulu. Ekugcineni, isici somuntu: izinga lokushisa likalwa ngokunembile kangakanani, kwenzeka kangakanani lokhu?
Futhi lesi ngesinye sezizathu ezenza abaphathi bemishini nokufaka bakhathazeke kakhulu ngokunciphisa umthelela wesici somuntu ezinqubweni zobuchwepheshe.
Lesi isifundo sokuqala esiwusizo sokusetshenziswa okungenzeka kwe-IoT ekukhiqizeni.
Okwesibili ukulawula ukudlidliza. Imishini inamamotho kagesi, futhi ukulawulwa kokudlidliza kufanele kwenziwe. Okwamanje, kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo, ngesandla - kanye ngosuku, abantu bahambahamba futhi basebenzise izinsimbi ezikhethekile ukukala izinga lokudlidliza ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle. Lokhu futhi kuwukumosha isikhathi nezinsiza zabantu, futhi ithonya lesici somuntu ekunembeni nasekuphindaphindeni kwemijikelezo enjalo, kodwa okubi okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi awukwazi ukusebenzisana nedatha enjalo, ngoba cishe ayikho idatha yokucubungula nokucubungula. akunakwenzeka ukuqhubekela phambili ekuhlinzekeni imishini eguquguqukayo ngokusekelwe esimweni.
Futhi lokhu manje kungenye yezindlela eziyinhloko embonini - ukuguqulwa kusukela ekugcinweni okujwayelekile kuya ekunakekeleni okusekelwe esimweni, ngokuhlelwa okufanele amarekhodi asebenzayo nanemininingwane yamahora okusebenza kwemishini kanye nokulawulwa okugcwele kwesimo sayo samanje kugcinwa. Isibonelo, uma kufika isikhathi sokuhlola amaphampu, ubheka imingcele yawo futhi ubone ukuthi phakathi nalesi sikhathi iphampu A ikwazile ukuqongelela inani elidingekayo lamahora enjini yokusevisa, kodwa iphampu B ayikakabi khona, okusho ukuthi ingakwazi ' ngeke nginikezwe isevisi, kusesekuseni kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile, kufana nokushintsha amafutha emotweni njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-15. Umuntu angakwazi ukukubalekela lokhu ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, kwabanye kuzothatha unyaka, kanti kwabanye kuzothatha isikhathi eside, kuye ngokuthi imoto ethile isetshenziswa kanjani.
Kuyafana namaphampu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona okuguquguqukayo kwesibili okuthinta isidingo sokugcinwa - umlando wezinkomba zokudlidliza. Ake sithi umlando wokudlidliza ubuhlelekile, iphampu nayo ayikasebenzi ngokwewashi, okusho ukuthi asikho isidingo sokuyisevisa okwamanje. Futhi uma umlando wokudlidliza ungewona ovamile, khona-ke iphampu enjalo kufanele isetshenziswe ngisho nangaphandle kwamahora okusebenza. Ngokuphambene nalokho - ngomlando omuhle kakhulu wokudlidliza, siyawusevisa uma amahora asetshenziwe.
Uma ucabangela konke lokhu futhi unakekela ngale ndlela, unganciphisa izindleko zokusevisa imishini eguquguqukayo ngamaphesenti angama-20 noma ngisho nangama-30. Uma kucatshangelwa izinga lokukhiqiza, lezi zibalo ezibaluleke kakhulu, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ikhwalithi futhi ngaphandle kokuyekethisa izinga lokuphepha. Futhi leli yicala elenziwe ngomumo lokusebenzisa i-IIoT ebhizinisini.
Kukhona futhi izinto zokubala eziningi lapho ulwazi manje seluqoqwa khona mathupha (“ngahamba, ngabheka, ngabhala phansi”). Kusebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ukusebenzisa konke lokhu ku-inthanethi, ukubona ngesikhathi sangempela ukuthi yini esetshenziswayo nokuthi kanjani. Le ndlela izosiza kakhulu ekuxazululeni inkinga yokusebenzisa izinsiza zamandla: ukwazi izibalo eziqondile zokusetshenziswa, unganikeza umusi owengeziwe kumbhobho A ekuseni, kanye nomusi owengeziwe kumbhobho B kusihlwa, isibonelo. Phela, manje iziteshi zokushisa zakhiwe nge-margin enkulu ukuze zinikeze ngokunembile zonke izingxenye ngokushisa. Kodwa awukwazi ukwakha ngezinqolobane, kodwa ngokuhlakanipha, ukusabalalisa izinsiza ngendlela efanele.
Lesi yisinqumo semfashini esiqhutshwa yidatha, lapho izinqumo zenziwa ngokusekelwe emsebenzini ogcwele ngedatha eqoqwe. Amafu nezibalo zithandwa kakhulu namuhla; ku-Open Innovations kulo nyaka bekunezinkulumo eziningi mayelana nedatha enkulu namafu. Wonke umuntu ulungele ukusebenza ngedatha enkulu, ayicubungule, ayigcine, kodwa okokuqala kufanele kuqoqwe idatha. Incane inkulumo mayelana nalokhu. Zimbalwa kakhulu iziqalo zehadiwe kulezi zinsuku.
Icala lesithathu le-IoT ukulandelwa kwabasebenzi, ukuzulazula kwe-perimeter, njll. Sisebenzisa lokhu ukulandelela ukunyakaza kwabasebenzi nokuqapha izindawo ezikhawulelwe. Isibonelo, umsebenzi othile wenziwa endaweni, lapho kungekho muntu ongabazi okufanele abe khona - futhi kungenzeka ukulawula lokhu ngesikhathi sangempela. Noma i-lineman iye kobheka iphampu, futhi isinesikhathi eside nayo inganyakazi - mhlawumbe umuntu akaphilile futhi udinga usizo.
Mayelana nezindinganiso
Enye inkinga ukuthi abekho abahlanganisi abalungele ukwenza izixazululo ze-IoT yezimboni. Ngoba namanje awekho amazinga amisiwe kule ndawo.
Isibonelo, ukuthi izinto zinjani ekhaya: sinerutha ye-wifi, ungathengela enye into yendlu ehlakaniphile - igedlela, isokhethi, ikhamera ye-IP noma amalambu okukhanyisa - xhuma konke ku-wifi ekhona, futhi konke kuzosebenza. . Izosebenza nakanjani, ngoba i-wifi iyindinganiso lapho yonke into ifanelana nayo.
Kodwa emkhakheni wezixazululo zamabhizinisi, izindinganiso zaleli zinga lokusabalala azikho. Iqiniso liwukuthi isisekelo sengxenye ngokwayo sathengeka kamuva nje, okwavumela i-hardware kusisekelo esinjalo ukuncintisana nezinsiza zabantu.
Uma siqhathanisa ngokubukeka, izinombolo zizoba cishe ngesilinganiso esifanayo.
Inzwa eyodwa yesistimu yokulawula ezenzakalelayo yokusetshenziswa kwezimboni ibiza cishe u-$2000.
Inzwa eyodwa ye-LoRaWAN ibiza ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-3-4.
Eminyakeni engu-10 edlule kwakukhona izinhlelo zokulawula inqubo ezizenzakalelayo kuphela, ngaphandle kokunye, i-LoRaWAN yavela eminyakeni engu-5 edlule.
Kodwa asikwazi nje ukuthatha futhi sisebenzise izinzwa ze-LoRaWAN kuwo wonke amabhizinisi ethu
Ukukhetha Ubuchwepheshe
Nge-wifi yasekhaya yonke into icacile, ngemishini yasehhovisi yonke into iyafana.
Awekho amazinga adumile futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu ngokwe-IoT embonini. Kukhona, vele, inqwaba yezindinganiso zezimboni ezihlukene izinkampani ezizithuthukisela zona.
Thatha, isibonelo, i-HART engenantambo, eyenziwe ngabafana base-Emerson - futhi i-2,4 GHz, cishe i-wifi efanayo. Indawo yokumbozwa okunjalo ukusuka kwelinye iphuzu kuya kwelinye ingamamitha angama-50-70. Uma ubheka ukuthi indawo esifakwe kuyo idlula ubukhulu bezinkundla zebhola ezimbalwa, kuyadabukisa. Futhi isiteshi esisodwa esiyisisekelo kuleli cala singasevisa ngokuzethemba kumadivayisi ayi-100. Futhi manje simisa ukufakwa okusha; ezigabeni zokuqala sekuvele kunezinzwa ezingaphezu kuka-400.
Bese kuba khona i-NB-IoT (i-NarrowBand Internet of Things), ehlinzekwe ngabasebenza ngamaselula. Futhi futhi, hhayi ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni - okokuqala, kuyabiza nje (u-opharetha ukhokhisa ithrafikhi), futhi okwesibili, kwakha ukuthembela okunamandla kakhulu kuma-opharetha we-telecom. Uma udinga ukufaka izinzwa ezinjalo ezakhiweni ezifana ne-bunker, lapho kungekho ukuxhumana, futhi udinga ukufaka imishini eyengeziwe lapho, kuzodingeka uthinte u-opharetha, ngenkokhelo kanye nezinsuku zokugcina ezingalindelekile zokufeza i-oda lokumboza. into enenethiwekhi.
Akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa i-wifi ehlanzekile kumasayithi. Ngisho neziteshi zasekhaya ziminyene kuzo zombili i-2,4 GHz kanye ne-5 GHz, futhi sinendawo yokukhiqiza enenani elikhulu lezinzwa nemishini, hhayi nje amakhompyutha ambalwa nomakhalekhukhwini efulethini ngalinye.
Yiqiniso, kunezindinganiso zobunikazi zekhwalithi enengqondo. Kodwa lokhu akusebenzi uma sakha inethiwekhi enamadivayisi amaningi ahlukene, sidinga izinga elilodwa, hhayi into evaliwe ezophinda isenze sincike kumnikezeli oyedwa noma omunye.
Ngakho-ke, umfelandawonye we-LoRaWAN ubonakala uyisixazululo esihle kakhulu; ubuchwepheshe buyathuthuka futhi, ngokubona kwami, bunethuba lokukhula bufinyelele ezingeni eligcwele. Ngemuva kokunwetshwa kobubanzi befrikhwensi ye-RU868, sineziteshi eziningi kunaseYurophu, okusho ukuthi akudingeki sikhathazeke ngomthamo wenethiwekhi nhlobo, okwenza i-LoRaWAN ibe iphrothokholi enhle kakhulu yokuqoqa amapharamitha ngezikhathi ezithile, yithi, kanye njalo ngemizuzu eyi-10. noma kanye ngehora.
Ngokufanelekile, sidinga ukuthola idatha evela kuzinzwa eziningi kanye njalo emizuzwini eyi-10 ukuze sigcine isithombe esijwayelekile sokugada, siqoqe idatha futhi siqaphe ngokujwayelekile isimo sezisetshenziswa. Futhi endabeni ye-linemen, le mvamisa ilingana nehora okungenani.
Yini enye engekho?
Ukuntuleka kwengxoxo
Kukhona ukuntuleka kwengxoxo phakathi kwabathuthukisi behadiwe kanye namakhasimende e-petrochemical noma uwoyela negesi. Futhi kuvela ukuthi ochwepheshe be-IT benza i-hardware enhle kakhulu ngokubuka kwe-IT, engeke isetshenziswe ngobuningi ekukhiqizeni i-petrochemical.
Isibonelo, ucezu lwehadiwe ku-LoRaWAN lokulinganisa izinga lokushisa lamapayipi: lilengise epayipini, walinamathisela nge-clamp, walengisa imojula yomsakazo, wavala indawo yokulawula - futhi yilokho.
Imishini ye-IT ifaneleka ngokuphelele, kodwa kunezinkinga embonini.
Ibhethri 3400 mAh. Yiqiniso, akuyona into elula, i-thionyl chloride, eyinika amandla okusebenza ku-50 futhi ingalahlekelwa amandla. Uma sithumela ulwazi kusuka kunzwa enjalo kanye njalo emizuzwini eyi-10, izokhipha ibhethri ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Akukho lutho olungalungile ngesisombululo sangokwezifiso-vula inzwa, faka ibhethri elisha ngama-ruble angu-300 njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.
Kuthiwani uma lezi zingamashumi ezinkulungwane zezinzwa kusayithi elikhulu? Lokhu kuzothatha isikhathi esiningi. Ngokususa amahora omuntu achithwa emizuliswaneni, sithola isikhathi esifanayo sokunakekela uhlelo.
Isixazululo esicacile senkinga ukufaka ibhethri hhayi ama-ruble angu-300, kodwa nge-1000, kodwa i-19 mAh, kuzodingeka ishintshwe kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-000. Lokhu kuhle. Yebo, lokhu kuzokwandisa kancane izindleko zenzwa ngokwayo. Kodwa imboni ingakwazi ukuyikhokhela futhi imboni iyakudinga ngempela.
Akekho umuntu oyi-casdev, ngakho-ke akekho owaziyo ngezidingo zomkhakha.
Futhi mayelana nento esemqoka
Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, lokho abakhubeka kukho kungenxa yokuntuleka kwe-banal yenkhulumomphendvulwano. I-Petrochemicals iwumkhiqizo, futhi ukukhiqizwa kuyingozi kakhulu, lapho isimo sokuvuza kwegesi yendawo kanye nokwakheka kwefu eliqhumayo kungenzeka. Ngakho-ke, zonke izinto zokusebenza ngaphandle kokukhetha kufanele zivikeleke ukuqhuma. Futhi ube nezitifiketi ezifanele zokuvikela ukuqhuma ngokuhambisana ne-Russian standard TR TS 012/2011.
Onjiniyela abazi lutho ngalokhu. Futhi ukuvikela ukuqhuma akuyona ipharamitha engavele yengezwe kudivayisi ecishe yaqedwa, njengamanye ama-LED ambalwa angeziwe. Kudingekile ukwenza kabusha yonke into kusukela ebhodini ngokwayo kanye nesifunda ukuya ekugxilweni kwezintambo.
Okufanele ukwenze
Kulula - ukuxhumana. Sesilungele inkhulumomphendvulwano eqondile, igama lami nginguVasily Ezhov, umnikazi womkhiqizo we-IoT kwa-SIBUR, ungangibhalela lapha ngomlayezo womuntu siqu noma nge-imeyili - [i-imeyili ivikelwe]. Sinezicaciso zezobuchwepheshe ezenziwe ngomumo, sizokutshela konke futhi sikubonise ukuthi yiziphi izinto esizidingayo nokuthi kungani nokuthi yini okufanele icatshangwe.
Njengamanje sesakha inqwaba yamaphrojekthi ku-LoRaWAN endaweni eluhlaza (lapho ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma kungeyona ipharamitha eyimpoqo kithi), sibheka ukuthi kunjani ngokujwayelekile, nokuthi i-LoRaWAN ifaneleka yini ukuxazulula izinkinga kuleso simo. isikali. Siyithande kakhulu kumanethiwekhi amancane okuhlola; manje sakha inethiwekhi enezinzwa eziningi, lapho cishe izinzwa ezingama-400 zihlelelwe ukufakwa okukodwa. Mayelana nenani le-LoRaWAN lokhu akukuningi, kodwa mayelana nokuminyana kwenethiwekhi sekuvele kukuningi. Ngakho ake sikuhlole.
Emibukisweni eminingi yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, abakhiqizi bezingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha bezwa kimi okokuqala mayelana nokuvikela ukuqhuma kanye nesidingo sakho.
Ngakho lokhu, okokuqala, inkinga yokuxhumana esifuna ukuyixazulula. Sithanda kakhulu i-cusdev, iwusizo futhi inenzuzo kubo bonke abathintekayo, ikhasimende lithola i-hardware edingekayo yezidingo zalo, futhi umthuthukisi akachithi isikhathi edala okuthile okungadingekile noma ukwenza kabusha ngokuphelele ihadiwe ekhona kusukela ekuqaleni.
Uma usuvele wenza okufanayo futhi ulungele ukunwebeka emkhakheni kawoyela, igesi kanye ne-petrochemical, vele usibhalele.
Source: www.habr.com