Asikho isikhathi esingcono sokufunda empilweni kunanamuhla.
Ngu-2019, futhi i-DevOps ifaneleka kakhulu kunangaphambili. Bathi izinsuku zabaphathi bezinhlelo seziphelile, njengenkathi ye-mainframe. Kodwa ingabe kunjalo ngempela?
Njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka ku-IT, isimo sesishintshile. Indlela ye-DevOps isivele, kodwa ngeke ibe khona ngaphandle komuntu onamakhono okuphatha uhlelo, okungukuthi, ngaphandle kwe-Ops.
Ngaphambi kokuthi indlela ye-DevOps ithathe indlela yayo yesimanje, ngazibeka njenge-Ops. Futhi ngazi kahle ukuthi umlawuli wesistimu ubhekana nani lapho eqaphela ukuthi kungakanani angeke akwazi ukukwenza nokuthi unesikhathi esincane kangakanani sokukufunda.
Kodwa ingabe kuyasabeka ngempela? Ngingasho ukuthi ukuntula ulwazi akufanele kuthathwe njengohlobo oluthile lwenkinga enkulu. Kuyinselelo yobuchwepheshe.
Imikhiqizo yesikali sewebhu isekelwe ku-Linux noma enye isofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile, futhi kukhona abantu abambalwa nabambalwa emakethe abakwazi ukuyigcina. Isidingo sesivele seyeqile inombolo yochwepheshe kulo mkhakha. Umlawuli wesistimu ngeke esakwazi ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa izinga lakhe lekhono. Kumelwe abe namakhono okuzenzakalela ukuphatha amaseva/ama-node amaningi futhi aqonde kahle ukuthi asebenza kanjani ukuxazulula izinkinga ezivelayo.
Ngaphambi kokuthi ube yilungu leqembu le-DevOps, kufanele udlule ohambweni olude kodwa oluthokozisayo, ufunde ubuchwepheshe obusha namathuluzi ahlukahlukene adingekayo ukuze ulondoloze uhlelo ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso ze-DevOps.
Ngakho-ke, umlawuli wesistimu angasuka kanjani endleleni evamile aye emsebenzini aye emcabangweni omusha we-DevOps? Konke kunjengokuvamile: okokuqala udinga ukushintsha ukucabanga kwakho. Akulula ukuyeka indlela obuyilandela eminyakeni eyishumi noma engamashumi amabili edlule bese uqala ukwenza izinto ngendlela ehlukile, kodwa kuyadingeka.
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-DevOps ayisona isikhundla esithile enkampanini, kodwa isethi yemikhuba ethile. Le mikhuba isho ukusatshalaliswa kwezinhlelo ezihlukanisiwe, ukunciphisa ukulimala okuvela ezimbusweni namaphutha, ukuvuselelwa kwesofthiwe okuvamile nangesikhathi, ukusebenzisana okusungulwe kahle phakathi konjiniyela (i-Dev) nabaphathi (i-Ops), kanye nokuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kwekhodi kuphela, kodwa. kanye nesakhiwo sonke ngaphakathi kwenqubo .
Kanye nokushintsha indlela yokucabanga, udinga ukufunda ukuthi ungayigcina kanjani ingqalasizinda futhi uqinisekise ukusebenza kwayo okuzinzile, ukwethembeka nokutholakala kokuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo nokulethwa kwezicelo, izinsizakalo kanye nesoftware.
Ongahle uphuthelwe njengochwepheshe be-Ops ngamakhono wokuhlela. Manje ukubhala izikripthi (izikripthi), abaphathi besistimu abazisebenzisayo ukufaka ngokuzenzakalelayo ama-patches kuseva, ukuphatha amafayela nama-akhawunti, izinkinga zokuxazulula izinkinga nokuhlanganisa imibhalo, sekuvele kubhekwa njengento engasebenzi. Ukubhala umbhalo kusasebenza ezimeni ezilula, kodwa i-DevOps imayelana nokuxazulula izinkinga ezinkulu, kungaba ukuqaliswa, ukuhlola, ukwakha, noma ukuthunyelwa.
Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukufunda i-automation, udinga ukwazi okungenani ukuhlela okuncane, noma ungeyena umthuthukisi, ngoba kulesi sigaba sokuthuthuka kwakho. ku-DevOps idinga leli khono.
Okufanele ngikwenze? Ukuze uhlale ufunwa njengochwepheshe, udinga ukuthola amakhono afanele - sebenzisa okungenani ulimi olulodwa lokuhlela, isibonelo iPython. Lokhu kungase kubonakale kunzima kumuntu ohileleke emsebenzini wokuphatha, njengoba ejwayele ukucabanga ukuthi uhlelo lonjiniyela kuphela. Akudingekile ukuba uchwepheshe, kodwa ulwazi lolunye lwezilimi zokuhlela (kungaba yiPython, Bash noma ngisho ), nakanjani kuzoba inzuzo.
Ukufunda ukuhlela kuthatha isikhathi. Ukuqaphela kanye nesineke kuzokusiza ukuthi uhlale uphezulu ezintweni lapho uxhumana namalungu eqembu le-DevOps namakhasimende. Isigamu sehora ngosuku, ihora noma ngaphezulu, ukufunda ulimi lohlelo kufanele kube umgomo wakho oyinhloko.
Abaphathi besistimu nochwepheshe be-DevOps baxazulula izinkinga ezifanayo, nokho, kunomehluko omkhulu. Kukholakala ukuthi umlawuli wesistimu akakwazi ukwenza konke unjiniyela we-DevOps angakwenza. Bathi umlawuli wesistimu ugxile kakhulu ekulungiseleleni, ekulondolozeni nasekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zeseva, kodwa unjiniyela we-DevOps udonsa yonke le nqola nenye inqola encane.
Kodwa liyiqiniso kangakanani le nkulumo?
Umphathi wesistimu: iqhawe elilodwa ensimini
Ngaphandle komehluko nokufana okuphawulwe kulesi sihloko, ngisakholelwa ukuthi awukho umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokuphathwa kwezinhlelo kanye ne-DevOps. Abaphathi besistimu bebelokhu benza imisebenzi efanayo njengochwepheshe be-DevOps, ukuthi akekho owake wayibiza ngokuthi i-DevOps ngaphambilini. Ngikholwa ukuthi asikho isidingo sokubheka umehluko, ikakhulukazi uma ungahlobene nanoma yimuphi umsebenzi. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi, ngokungafani nomlawuli wesistimu, i-DevOps ayisona isikhundla, kodwa umqondo.
Enye into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele iqashelwe, ngaphandle kwalokho ingxoxo mayelana kokubili ukuphatha kanye ne-DevOps izobe ingaphelele. Ukuphatha uhlelo ngomqondo ojwayelekile kuphakamisa ukuthi uchwepheshe unesethi ethile yamakhono futhi ugxile ekuhlinzekeni izinhlobo ezahlukene zengqalasizinda. Hhayi ngomqondo wokuthi lesi isisebenzi somhlaba wonke, kodwa ngomqondo wokuthi kunenani lemisebenzi eyenziwa yibo bonke abaphathi.
Isibonelo, ngezikhathi ezithile kufanele benze njengomsebenzi wezobuchwepheshe, okungukuthi, benze konke okungokoqobo. Futhi uma kukhona umlawuli oyedwa kuphela wenhlangano yonke, khona-ke uzokwenza wonke umsebenzi wezobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kungaba noma yini kusukela ekunakekeleni amaphrinta namakhophi kuye ekwenzeni imisebenzi ehlobene nenethiwekhi njengokusetha nokuphatha amarutha namaswishi noma ukulungisa i-firewall.
Uzophinde abe nesibopho sokuthuthukiswa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, ukuhlolwa kwelogi nokuhlaziya, ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku ezokuphepha, ukuchibiyela iseva, ukuxazulula izinkinga, ukuhlaziya imbangela yezimpande, nokuzenzakalelaβimvamisa esebenzisa imibhalo ye-PowerShell, Python, noma ye-Bash. Isibonelo esisodwa sokusetshenziswa ukuphathwa kwama-akhawunti omsebenzisi naweqembu. Ukudala ama-akhawunti abasebenzisi kanye nokwabela izimvume kuwumsebenzi okhathazayo kakhulu njengoba abasebenzisi bevela futhi benyamalala cishe nsuku zonke. Ukuzenzakalela ngemibhalo kukhulula isikhathi semisebenzi yengqalasizinda ebaluleke kakhulu, njengokuthuthukisa amaswishi namaseva namanye amaphrojekthi athinta inzuzo yenkampani lapho umlawuli esebenza khona (nakuba ngokuvamile kwamukelwa ukuthi umnyango we-IT awukhiqizi imali ngokuqondile).
Umsebenzi womphathi wesistimu awukona ukuchitha isikhathi nokugcina imali yenkampani nganoma iyiphi indlela engenzeka. Ngezinye izikhathi abaphathi besistimu basebenza njengamalungu eqembu elikhulu, behlanganisa, isibonelo, abaphathi be-Linux, iWindows, i-database, isitoreji, njalonjalo. Izinhlelo zokusebenza nazo ziyahlukahluka. Isibonelo, ukushintsha kwendawo yesikhathi eyodwa ekupheleni kosuku kudlulisela amacala kushifti elandelayo kwenye indawo yesikhathi ukuze izinqubo zingami (ukulandela ilanga); noma izisebenzi zibe nosuku oluvamile lokusebenza kusukela ngo-9 ekuseni kuya ku-5 p.m.; noma isebenza esikhungweni sedatha esingu-XNUMX/XNUMX.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abaphathi bezinhlelo baye bafunda ukucabanga ngendlela ehlelekile nokuhlanganisa izinto ezibalulekile nemisebenzi evamile. Amaqembu neminyango abasebenza kuyo ngokuvamile abashodi ngezinsiza, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo wonke umuntu uzama ukuqedela imisebenzi yansuku zonke ngokugcwele.
I-DevOps: ukuthuthukiswa nokugcinwa njengento eyodwa
iwuhlobo lwefilosofi yezinqubo zokuthuthukiswa nokugcinwa. Le ndlela emhlabeni we-IT isiphenduke into entsha ngempela.
Ngaphansi kwesambulela se-DevOps, kukhona ithimba lokuthuthukisa isofthiwe ngakolunye uhlangothi kanye nethimba lokulungisa kolunye. Bavame ukujoyinwa ochwepheshe bokuphatha umkhiqizo, abahloli nabaklami bokusetshenziswa kubonwa. Ndawonye, ββlaba chwepheshe benza lula ukusebenza ukuze bakhiphe ngokushesha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha nezibuyekezo zekhodi ukuze basekele futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwayo yonke inkampani.
I-DevOps isekelwe ekulawuleni ukuthuthukiswa nokusebenza kwesofthiwe kuwo wonke umjikelezo wayo wempilo. Abantu bokunakekela kumele basekele onjiniyela, futhi onjiniyela banikezwe umsebenzi wokuqonda ngaphezu kwama-API asetshenziswa kumasistimu. Kudingeka baqonde ukuthi yini engaphansi kwe-hood (okungukuthi, ukuthi ihadiwe nezinhlelo zokusebenza zisebenza kanjani) ukuze bakwazi ukuphatha kangcono iziphazamisi, baxazulule izinkinga, futhi basebenzisane nochwepheshe besevisi.
Abaphathi besistimu bangangena eqenjini le-DevOps uma befuna ukufunda ubuchwepheshe bakamuva futhi bavuleleke emibonweni emisha nezisombululo. Njengoba ngishilo phambilini, akudingekile ukuba babe abahleli bezinhlelo abagcwele, kodwa ukwazi ulimi lokuhlela olufana noRuby, Python noma Go kuzobasiza babe amalungu awusizo kakhulu eqembu. Yize abaphathi besistimu bejwayele ukwenza wonke umsebenzi ngokwabo futhi bavame ukubonwa njengababodwa, ku-DevOps banolwazi oluhluke ngokuphelele, lapho wonke umuntu ocubungulweni esebenzisana nomunye.
Isihloko sokuzenzakalela siya ngokuya sihambisana. Bobabili abaphathi besistimu nochwepheshe be-DevOps banentshisekelo yokukala ngokushesha, ukwehlisa amaphutha, nokuthola ngokushesha nokulungisa amaphutha akhona. Ngakho, i-automation ingumqondo lapho izindawo ezimbili zihlangana khona. Abalawuli besistimu banesibopho samasevisi wamafu afana ne-AWS, i-Azure, ne-Google Cloud Platform. Kufanele baqonde izimiso zokuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo nokulethwa kanye nendlela yokusebenzisa amathuluzi afana .
Ukwengeza, abaphathi besistimu kumele basebenzise amathuluzi okumisa nawokuphatha njenge , okudingekayo ekusetshenzisweni okuhambisanayo kwamaseva ayishumi noma angamashumi amabili.
Umqondo oyinhloko uwukuthi . Isoftware iyikho konke. Eqinisweni, ukuze umsebenzi womphathi wesistimu ungalahlekelwa ukuhambisana, udinga nje ukushintsha ukugcizelela kancane. Abaphathi besistimu basebhizinisini lesevisi futhi kufanele bakwazi ukuxhumana ngempumelelo nonjiniyela, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Njengoba besho, ikhanda elilodwa lihle, kodwa amabili angcono.
Futhi imininingwane yokugcina kulo mshini . Ukusebenza ne-Git kungomunye wemithwalo yemfanelo yansuku zonke yomphathi wesistimu. Lolu hlelo lokulawula inguqulo lusetshenziswa kakhulu ngabathuthukisi, ochwepheshe be-DevOps, amaqembu e-Agile nabanye abaningi. Uma umsebenzi wakho uhlobene nomjikelezo wempilo yesoftware, uzosebenza nakanjani ne-Git.
I-Git inezici eziningi. Cishe awusoze wayifunda yonke imiyalo ye-Git, kodwa uzoqonda kahle ukuthi kungani iyisisekelo ekuxhumaneni kwesofthiwe nokusebenzisana. Ulwazi olunzulu lwe-Git lubaluleke kakhulu uma usebenza eqenjini le-DevOps.
Uma ungumqondisi wesistimu, kuzomele ufunde kangcono i-Git, uqonde ukuthi ukulawulwa kwenguqulo kwakhiwe kanjani futhi ukhumbule imiyalo evamile: git status, git commit -m, git add, git pull, git push, git rebase, git branch, git diff nabanye. Kunezifundo eziningi eziku-inthanethi nezincwadi ezingakusiza ukuthi ufunde lesi sihloko kusukela ekuqaleni futhi ube uchwepheshe onamakhono athile. Kukhona futhi emangalisayo , ngakho-ke awudingi ukuwacindezela wonke, kodwa uma usebenzisa kakhulu i-Git, kuzoba lula.
isiphetho
Ekugcineni, uyanquma ukuthi udinga ukuba uchwepheshe we-DevOps noma kungcono yini ukuhlala ungumqondisi wesistimu. Njengoba ubona, kukhona ijika lokufunda ukwenza inguquko, kodwa uma uqala ngokushesha, kuba ngcono. Khetha ulimi lokuhlela futhi ngesikhathi esisodwa ufunde amathuluzi afana (ukulawula inguqulo), (CI/CD, ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo) kanye (ukumisa kanye ne-automation). Noma ngabe iyiphi inketho oyikhethayo, ungakhohlwa ukuthi udinga ukufunda njalo futhi uthuthukise amakhono akho.
Source: www.habr.com