U-Anton Kozubov wabamba iqhaza esiqeshini sesithathu. iqembu lethiyori . Sixoxe ngomsebenzi wakhe kanye nemininingwane yomkhakha.
Inguqulo yomsindo: Β· Β· Β· Β· .
Esithombeni:
Amagama ambalwa mayelana nemininingwane yemboni
Ikhodi yesikhathi -
: Ngokwazi kwami, ubhekana nezihloko ezikhethekile kakhulu.
Anton: Yebo, kukhona umbono onjalo, kodwa sizama ukuqhubekela phambili ezintweni eziyisisekelo. Nakuba abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe benesithakazelo emkhakheni we-quantum cryptography, akuwona umkhakha wesayensi oshisa kakhulu. Kunesisekelo esihle lapha, kodwa ubuchwepheshe sebufinyelele esigabeni sokuthuthukiswa konjiniyela.
Konke kwaqala ukukhula emuva kuma-80s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule, futhi ngezindinganiso zesayensi, sekudlule isikhathi esiningi. Ososayensi basukile kuthiyori kanye nokuhlola baye ekubukelweni kwangempela kanye namadivayisi asebenza ngokugcwele. Izinhlelo ezinjalo kade zaba khona eSwitzerland, lapho i-ID Quantique isebenza khona. Baqala ngo-2005 noma 2006, futhi leli shumi leminyaka laqala ukuhlinzeka ngezinhlelo ze-quantum cryptography kumabhange aseSwitzerland nase-Austrian. Lokhu akusebona ubuchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo.
Kusenemibuzo eminingi esele mayelana nobufakazi bokuthi imfihlo yalezi zinhlelo. Yilokhu esikwenza kakhulu kule ndawo. Kodwa izimiso eziyisisekelo sezitholakele kakade.
U-Dmitriy: Ungasitshela ukuthi yini eyenza ochwepheshe bafunde le ndawo kabanzi? Bazichaza kanjani izinkinga zokuqala nezinselele ababebhekana nazo?
Anton: Indaba ehlekisayo. Njengoba kwenzeka njalo kwisayensi, saqala ukufunda isihloko ngoba nje saba mnandi. Kwakungekho umgomo othile. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakunenkolelo yokuthi lena kwakuyindlela ephephe ngokuphelele yokudlulisela idatha, futhi ngaleso sikhathi yayithuthuke ngempela. Isihloko sokuphepha kolwazi siye sabaluleka kakhulu, kodwa ngaphezu kwalokhu, siphinde safinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi kungenzeka ukudala uhlobo olusha lwekhompyutha usebenzisa imiphumela ehlukahlukene ye-quantum. Banamandla athakazelisa kakhulu, kufaka phakathi ikhono lokuphula i-cryptography ekhona.
U-Dmitriy: Izinkinga zokuvikela ziye zavela ngaphambili, isibonelo, phakathi neMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Kodwa ingabe isiqalo sale mboni sasiseduze nokuvela kwamanethiwekhi amaningi?
Anton: Uqinisile. Ungaphinde uyibuke ngalo mbono. Kodwa into ehlekisayo ukuthi insimu ye-quantum cryptography yatholwa abantu ababili ababehlobene kakhulu nenkambu ye-IT. Bethule umsebenzi wabo wokuqala, owachaza izimiso eziyisisekelo, engqungqutheleni ye-IT. Ngakho yebo, livela lapho.
U-Dmitriy: Ungene kanjani kulo mkhakha? Bekuyini ukukugqugquzela?
Anton: Ukukhuluma iqiniso, kwakufana - kwakuthakazelisa. Kodwa ekuqaleni angizange ngingene ku-quantum cryptography. Iqale ngokuthi . Kuvele ukuthi izinkinga ezikulesi sihloko azihambelani nezidingo zelabhorethri, ngakho ngashintshela ku-quantum cryptography. Kodwa ukwenza into eyodwa akujabulisi ngokukhethekile, futhi kunezindawo eziningi ezihlobene, ngakho asikwazi ukukhuluma ngesimo esikhethekile kakhulu semisebenzi yethu.
Amathuba ososayensi abavela emikhakheni ehlobene
Ikhodi yesikhathi -
U-Dmitriy: Ngu singasho ukuthi umbuthano olinganiselwe wabantu uhileleke kulesi sihloko. Ungakwazi yini ukulinganisa inani lochwepheshe emkhakheni wakho? Noma kuseyikilabhu evalwe kakhulu?
Anton: Ivaliwe, kodwa kuphela engxenyeni yayo esezingeni eliphakeme. Kunabantu abaningi emhlabeni ababandakanyeka kuthiyori yolwazi lwe-quantum ekubonakalisweni kwayo okuhlukahlukene. Angazi ukuthi ngingalinganisa kanjani inani labo, kodwa nakanjani abantu abangaphezu kwamashumi amathathu abebesengqungqutheleni.
Ngicabanga ukuthi lesi akusona ngisho inkulungwane eyodwa yazo zonke. Abantu abaningi bayahamba ngoba lena ingenye yezindawo ezithuthuke kakhulu zesayensi. Zonke izikhungo ezihamba phambili zine ithiyori yolwazi lwe-quantum noma i-quantum optics nezinto ezihlobene. Omunye umbuzo ukuthi bangaki abantu abacwiliswe ku-niche ekhethekile njengokufakazela amandla ezinhlelo ze-quantum cryptography.
Lo mphakathi mncane, kodwa usebanzi. Abebehambele ingqungquthela bekungebona bonke ongoti abahamba phambili kulo mkhakha. Kukhona cishe ikhulu labo emhlabeni wonke. Ubufakazi bamandla ezinhlelo ze-quantum cryptography buvele muva nje, ekuqaleni kwawo-2000. Abantu abasebenza kulo mkhakha bake benza ezinye izinto ngaphambilini. Isibonelo, i-quantum optics, ucwaningo oluyisisekelo. Zisabalulekile. Bafika endaweni yethu bevela ku-physics.
Kukhona nalabo abavela ku-classical information theory noma izibalo. Ekuhloleni ubufakazi bokumelana, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-entropy zidlala indima enqumayo. Kuphi lapho asetshenziswa khona - ku-thermodynamics. Abantu abaqonda ukuthi ama-quantum entropies asebenza kanjani kuthiyori yolwazi bangasebenzisa ulwazi lwabo ku-quantum thermodynamics. Omunye wososayensi abahamba phambili kulo mkhakha, uRenato Renner waseZurich, ufunda ithiyori yolwazi lwe-quantum lapho, kanti eSanta Barbara unikeza isifundo se-quantum thermodynamics.
Yiziphi izinselelo umphakathi obhekene nazo?
Ikhodi yesikhathi -
U-Dmitriy: Yimiphi imibuzo osebenza kuyo namuhla? Yiziphi izinselele ezihamba phambili? Yini manje emele ibha edinga ukuqhubekela phambili?
Anton: Singakhuluma ngalokhu ezinhlangothini ezimbili ezihlukene. Ngokubona kwami, ingxenye esetshenzisiwe ayithakazelisi kangako. Ukusabalalisa ukhiye we-Quantum sekuvele kufinyelele esikalini sezimboni, kodwa wonke umuntu ufuna ukuqonda ukuthi angenza kanjani isiqiniseko sokuthi ubhekana nokusatshalaliswa kwe-quantum hhayi enye into. Ukwenza lokhu, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa imishini, ngakho-ke ukuthuthukiswa kwamazinga akhethekile kungenye yezinkinga ezinkulu emhlabeni, ngaphezu kwengxenye yobunjiniyela. Iningi lososayensi abahamba phambili kulo mkhakha baqondisa imizamo yabo kulokhu.
Isici sesibili somsebenzi wethu siwubufakazi bokuqina kwezinhlelo. I-cryptography yakudala isekelwe embonweni wokuthi umhlaseli akanawo amandla anele okwenza ikhompuyutha asuse ukubethela kwedatha ngesikhathi isasebenza. Kodwa kungase kube ukuthi ukuqagela okunjalo akulungile ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngakho-ke sidinga ukuthuthela ku-paradigm ehlukile yokuvikela idatha - ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhono lokususa ukubethela alishintshi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Senza ukusabalalisa ukhiye we-quantum. Lokhu kusho ukuthi sisabalalisa ukhiye okudingeka usetshenziselwe ukubethela ulwazi. Ukhiye onjalo ungantshontshwa, kodwa sizama ukwethula i-paradigm lapho lokhu kungeke kwenzeke khona. Uma ngesikhathi sokusatshalaliswa kwaso othile ehlasela isiteshi sethu, siyohlale sikuqaphela. Lesi yisisekelo se-paradigm yakudala ye-quantum cryptography. Lokhu kufezwa ngokusebenzisa ama-photon angawodwa.
Banezakhiwo ezintathu. Lezi izingxenye ezincane zamandla; azikwazi ukuhlukaniswa bese, ngokwesibonelo, ziqiniswe. Azikwazi ukukopishwa. Isimo se-quantum esingaziwa asikwazi ukukopishwa, ngoba lokhu kudinga ukulinganiswa, futhi lokhu akunakwenziwa ngaphandle kokubhubhisa isimo se-quantum. Uma siyilinganisa iyabhidlika.
Ngenxa yalezi zakhiwo, ungabheka amakhono omhlaseli - simbiza ngokuthi u-Eva (kusuka ku-eavesdropper) - ngokubuka okuhlukile. Sithi sinikeza u-Eva konke okusemandleni ngaphakathi kwemingcele yemithetho ye-physics. Inkumbulo ye-Quantum, izitholi ezifanele - asinakho ngisho eduze nalokhu, kodwa sinikeza amathuba anjalo. Futhi noma sinalokhu emqondweni, sithi ngeke ayithole imininingwane eyisihluthulelo thina singazi. Yilokhu i-quantum cryptography paradigm eyayakhelwe phezu kwayo ekuqaleni.
Kodwa konke lokhu kuhle inqobo nje uma sikhuluma ngama-photon angawodwa. Kodwa-ke, imithombo yama-photon angawodwa ayinangqondo, ijubane eliphansi futhi iyabiza, ngakho akekho oyisebenzisayo kule nqubo. Zonke zisebenzisa imisebe ye-laser encishisiwe.
U-Dmitriy: Futhi lokhu kuqhathaniswa kanjani nezakhiwo obukhuluma ngazo?
Anton: Ishintsha i-paradigm nendlela yokufakazela ukuqina. Lona kusewumsebenzi ongenzeka, kodwa onzima kakhulu. Esimeni lapho sisebenzisa okuthile okungekona kanye lokho ebesingakudinga ezimweni ezikahle, okuyizimo ezivumelanayo ezibuthakathaka, sidinga ukukunaka lokhu ebufakazini bethu bokuphikelela. Senza lokhu, futhi umhlaba wonke uhamba ngale ndlela.
U-Dmitriy: Ingabe le ndlela icabangela okokusebenza ekugcineni kwesiteshi sokuxhumana?
Anton: Ekuqaleni, ukusatshalaliswa kokhiye we-quantum kwasebenzisa ukulinganisa okufana nombono wokuthi u-Eve akakwazi ukungena emabhokisini ka-Alice no-Bob, kodwa unokufinyelela esiteshini sokuxhumana kuphela. Lokhu akuwona ukulinganisa okusebenza kakhulu. Namuhla kukhona ukugebenga kwe-quantum. Usitshela ukuthi ku-fiber optical noma isiteshi se-quantum kungenzeka ukushintsha "izilungiselelo" usebenzisa ukuchayeka.
Lesi siqondiso siyabhekwa ezindabeni zesitifiketi. Sinelabhorethri enkulu eMoscow lapho uVadim Makarov, cishe "i-quantum hacker" edume kakhulu emhlabeni, isebenza khona. Kwamanye amazwe benza lokhu ngenkuthalo. Yilokhu ebengikuthola kukho. Ukuthi u-Eva angangena kanjani emabhokisini ethu kuyinkinga enkulu yobunjiniyela. Ngangivame ukuzibona ngiwusosayensi, ngakho kuyathakazelisa kimi ukubuka u-Eva ngelinye iso. Isibonelo, funda ukuthi angangena kanjani esiteshini sokuxhumana futhi antshontshe yonke into ngaphandle kokuqaphela kwethu. Ngikhetha ukusebenzela abafana abalungile, u-Alice no-Bob, kodwa ukuphenya ukuhlaselwa okungenzeka kwezinhlelo zokusabalalisa ukhiye we-quantum.
Isingeniso Esifushane Sokugenca Kwe-Quantum
Ikhodi yesikhathi -
U-Dmitriy: Ungakwazi yini ukuchaza izici zokuhlaselwa okunjalo?
Anton: Izici ezivame ukwamukelwa zihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu. Ukuhlasela komuntu ophakathi nendawo kufana nokuhlasela kwakudala kwe-man-in-the-middle (MITM). Uhlobo lwesibili alunangqondo kakhulu, lapho u-Eva ngandlela thize exhumana nephasela ngalinye esiteshini sethu se-quantum futhi egcina umphumela wokusebenzelana okunjalo kumemori yayo ye-quantum. Ngemva kwalokho, ulinda izinqubo ezenziwa u-Alice noBob ukuze bavumelane, uthola ulwazi olwengeziwe, uthatha izilinganiso, njalonjalo. Lokhu ukuhlasela okuhlangene, kodwa kukhona uhlobo lwesithathu - okungaqondakali nakakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kwamapharamitha wangempela kwengezwa lapho.
Ohlotsheni lwesibili lokuhlasela, sicabanga ukuthi u-Alice no-Bob babelana ngenani elingapheli lamabhithi phakathi kwabo. Eqinisweni, lokhu akunakwenzeka, futhi ngokushesha nje lapho siya emiqulwini elinganiselwe, ukuguquguquka kwezibalo kuqala ukuvela. Kungenzeka ukuthi badlalela ezandleni zika-Eva. Ukuhlasela okuhambisanayo nakho kucabangela ukuphelela kwezinsiza. Lokhu kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi akuwona wonke amaphrothokholi wokusabalalisa ukhiye we-quantum anobufakazi obuphelele bokuphepha.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi sidlulisa izingcezu eziyisihluthulelo nokwakha okhiye. Ukuthi uzisebenzisa kanjani ngokuqhubekayo kukuwe. Yilapho izinkinga ze-cryptography ziqala khona. Uma uthatha ama-algorithms esimanje njengokubethela kwe-asymmetric, usebenzisa laba khiye, akusizi. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa ukumelana i-encryption pad. Khona-ke ayikho imibuzo, kodwa kulokhu udinga ukukhiqiza okhiye njalo futhi ubashintshe kumlayezo ngamunye. Lena inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi.
β¨Ingqikithi yokusatshalaliswa kokhiye we-quantum ukuthi kukho konke ukuhlasela kuka-Eva, singakwazi ukwaba umthamo onjalo wamabhithi asabalalisiwe okuzokwaziwa ngu-Alice kuphela noBob kuphela. U-Eva ngeke azi ngaye. Lona umgomo oyinhloko womsebenzi wethu. Kodwa nginentshisekelo yokuqhamuka nokuhlasela okunjalo ukuze u-Alice noBob baqiniseke ngokuphepha kwabo, futhi u-Eve angahlela yonke into ngendlela yokuthi adlule isivikelo.
Awukwazi ukuvele uthathe futhi ungaphazamisi ozakwenu
Ikhodi yesikhathi -
U-Dmitriy: Kuvela ukuthi umsebenzi onjalo ohamba phambili ungakhansela kalula imiphumela yozakwethu emphakathini wamazwe ngamazwe?
Anton: Ta, i-seminar yaseCanada okhulume ngayo iyona kanye emayelana nayo. Lapho ngithe yikho kanye esikwenzile, okwadala ukuthi kuqubuke ubugagu. Kuyachazeka. Abantu sebeneminyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu benza isayensi, bese kufika othile athi imiphumela yabo ibingalungile ngokuphelele. Iphinde ibonise ukuthi izokwenziwa kanjani ngendlela efanele. Kwakuzikhukhumeza kakhulu ngami. Kodwa ngikholwa ukuthi sikwazile ukwenza ukuhlasela abaningi abangakucabangi nakukunaka.
U-Dmitriy: Ungakwazi yini ukukhuluma ngayo futhi uyichaze okungenani ngamagama ajwayelekile?
Anton: Yebo, impela. Into ehlekisayo ukuthi lokhu ukuhlasela kwe-hijack-and-forward - elula kakhulu ongayicabanga. Kuphela ishintshiwe ngandlela-thile futhi iyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba ngingasho. Namuhla, uma ubheka ubufakazi bokuphikelela, abantu bathi zonke iziteshi ze-quantum zichaza nje ukwabiwa kabusha kolwazi phakathi kuka-Alice, uBob no-Eva.
Okubalulekile ukuthi kulokhu zonke izilinganiso ze-quantum states zenzeka ngemva kwalokhu kusatshalaliswa. Siphakamisa ukuchaza isiteshi se-quantum ngendlela yokuthi siqukethe ubukhulu obuhlobene lapho izimo zishintsha khona futhi zibekwe ku-Bob. Uma sikhuluma, sinokuthile phakathi kwesiteshi, sizama ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezifundazwe, lokho okuhlukanisayo kuthumela ku-Bob, lokho okungakuhlukanisi kuyakuvimba. Ngakho, konke okuza kuBob kwaziwa ngu-Eva. Kungase kubonakale kuwumbono osobala, kodwa ngesizathu esithile akekho emhlabeni okhuluma ngakho.
U-Dmitriy: Futhi ubonise ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kwenzeke ukuhlasela okunjalo.
Anton: Yebo, ngikhulume ngalokhu eToronto. Sibe nezingxoxo ezishisayo nabantu asebesebenze kulo mkhakha isikhathi eside ngisaphila. Kwakujabulisa, okuhlangenwe nakho okuwusizo kakhulu.
Kungani kubalulekile ukuthi ungajahi ukushicilela izindlela zokuvikela
Ikhodi yesikhathi -
U-Dmitriy: Ukuze usebenzise isifaniso esiyisisekelo negciwane kanye ne-antivirus, inkambu yakho yomsebenzi nomqondo ubandakanya inqubo emise okwe-T kude nomzila womjaho owodwa ngemva kokunye. Singasho yini ukuthi indlela enjalo izodala izinkinga ezintsha futhi kuzodingeka zixazululwe kwezinye izindiza, hhayi nje eyodwa, njengamanje?
Anton: Umbuzo omuhle kakhulu. Kumele ngicace lapha. Yebo, ngithanda kakhulu ukuqhamuka nezindlela zokuhlasela. Kodwa sonke sisebenza emkhakheni wokusabalalisa ukhiye we-quantum, siyakhokhelwa ngakho, futhi asifuni ngempela ukubeka isikhulumi emasondo ethu. Kunengqondo. Uma uqhamuka nokuhlaselwa okusha kwezinhlelo zokusabalalisa ukhiye we-quantum, kungaba kuhle ukuqhamuka nohlobo oluthile lwezinyathelo zokulwa. Sikwenzile, sathola indlela yokubhekana nakho. Akuyona into encane kakhulu, kodwa ikhona. Kuyenzeka ukuthi izinkinga ezinjalo zixazululwe, kodwa omunye umbuzo wukuthi uma abantu bengakhulumi ngezinkinga kuyabonakala ukuthi abazinaki. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abanazo izindlela zokuphikisa.
Esithombeni:
U-Dmitriy: Ingabe le ndlela iwuhlobo oluthile lwekhodi engashiwongo emphakathini wakho?
Anton: Yebo, kodwa angicabangi ukuthi kulungile ukunikeza isixazululo. Kubalulekile ukuphakamisa udaba. Khona-ke othile angathola izixazululo eziseceleni ngaphandle kwalokhu onakho. Uma uthumela yonke into ngesikhathi esisodwa, abantu bazothatha lokho okulungile futhi ngeke kube nokuthuthukiswa komcabango.
U-Dmitriy: Ingabe kuphephile ukusho-ke ukuthi isisombululo sakho singase sibe yinguqulo ye-beta, futhi endaweni ethile phezulu kungase kube nokuthile okuthakazelisa nakakhulu ozigcinele kona?
Anton: Kungenzeka.
Okuncane mayelana nokusebenzisana nezinhlangano ezilawulayo
Ikhodi yesikhathi -
U-Dmitriy: Le ndawo idonse ukunaka kwazo zonke izinhlobo zeziphathimandla ezilawulayo kanye nezinhlangano zezobunhloli. Ingabe konke lokhu kuthatha isikhathi mayelana nokuxhumanisa noma yiziphi intuthuko?
Anton: Umbuzo omuhle kakhulu! Ngizozama ukuyiphendula ngokugwema ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kuthatha ingxenye enkulu yesikhathi engachithwa emisebenzini yesayensi yangempela. Kodwa ngiyaqonda ukuthi kungani kubalulekile.
U-Dmitriy: Njengesitifiketi esikhulume ngaso ngaphambili. Awukwazi ukuqasha umsizi ozoxhumana nawe. Ingabe ososayensi kufanele bachaze ama-nuances ngqo kuzo zonke izinhlangano ezilawulayo futhi bazisize zizithole?
Anton: Yebo, kunjalo impela. Lena indlela efanele. Akekho ongachaza kangcono ukwedlula wena ngokwakho ukuthi wenzeni. Uma ungeke ukwazi ukwenza lokhu, kuphakama imibuzo mayelana neqiniso lezimpumelelo zakho. Kodwa uma bekunethuba lokwenza isayensi kuphela, bengingathanda ukwenza isayensi kuphela. Kodwa konke lokhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile yomsebenzi wethu, nathi esiwenzayo.
U-Dmitriy: Ingabe unaso isikhathi samaphrojekthi womuntu siqu?
Anton: Inkinga eyinkimbinkimbi. Sithola isikhathi futhi senze izinto eziseceleni. Lezi yizinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu. Thatha i-quantum teleportation, isibonelo-ngokwesibonelo, silungiselela incwadi ngalesi sihloko. Sithatha ezinye izinkinga, okuthile ku-quantum optics, kuthiyori yolwazi lwe-quantum. Lezi izinto ezithakazelisayo. Sizama ukuthola isikhathi, ngoba ukuphila ngaphandle kwaso kuyisicefe ngokuphelele. Akunakwenzeka ukubhekana namaphepha wedwa. Kudingeka futhi senze isayensi.
Ngomehluko phakathi kwesayensi eyisisekelo nesetshenziswayo
Ikhodi yesikhathi -
U-Dmitriy: Uma uzama ukulinganisa izinga loshintsho emkhakheni wakho, umthamo wezincwadi zesayensi. Kuwuthinta kanjani umsebenzi wakho kanye nentshisekelo yakho ezimbonini ezihlobene?
Anton: Indawo yethu iyisihloko esishisayo. Kunenqwaba yama-athikili ephumayo. Ngisho nenani lama-athikili afanele ngempela likhulu. Kunzima ukuwalandela wonke, kumane kungenzeki.
U-Dmitriy: Ingabe kukhona ukuncika okuqinile kule nqubo yokulandelela? Noma ingabe amaphrojekthi akho ahlukanisiwe ngokwanele ukuze afinyelele uphawu ngaphandle kweziphazamiso?
Anton: Ukuzihlukanisa esikhundleni sokususa. Uma upheka ijusi yakho, uyeka ukuqaphela amaphutha. Ungase ucabange ukuthi wenza konke kahle, kodwa kukhona iphutha elibalulekile elingena endaweni ethile lapho ungekho. Kuhle uma kunabantu emhlabeni abenza izinto ezifanayo. Uma ukwazi ukufeza izinto ezifanayo ngezinga elithile, kusho ukuthi uhamba ngendlela efanele. Uma imiphumela ihluka, lesi yisizathu sokuba nengxoxo futhi uthole ukuthi ubani oqinisile.
U-Dmitriy: Kodwa umsebenzi wenzeka endaweni eyindilinga yabantu evalekile? Akuwona yini lawa amakhulu abantu?
Anton: Kuhle, kodwa hhayi njalo. Eqenjini lethu, abantu abathathu ababambe iqhaza ekuboniseni ukuphikelela: mina, engisebenza naye kanye nomphathi wethu wesayensi. Uma sithatha izindawo ezibanzi - i-quantum optics, ithiyori yolwazi - sibahlanu. Uma sikhuluma ngezinhlelo zokusabalalisa ukhiye we-quantum, kunabantu eMoscow, eNovosibirsk, eKazan. Kodwa eYurophu nase-USA lawa ngamaqembu amakhulu etiyetha.
U-Dmitriy: Yini ebonisa lo mehluko esikalini?
Anton: Lezi izindlela ezahlukene zokuthuthukisa isayensi. Okwethu kuhlukile kweyaseYurophu. Isayensi lapha ilandela indlela yocwaningo olusetshenziswayo, oludingekayo futhi olufanele njengamanje. Angiyigxeki le ndlela, kodwa ngiyibheka njengengekho ngokwesayensi kakhulu. Ngihlabeke umxhwele kakhulu ngeyaseNtshonalanga - umehluko ocacile phakathi kwesayensi eyisisekelo nesetshenziswayo. Lapho singekho isidingo sokufuna noma yimiphi imiphumela esebenzayo evela kwisayensi eyisisekelo njengamanje. Kungakho kuyisisekelo, ukuze ungabhekani nezinto ezisetshenzisiwe.
Ikakhulukazi, ukubuyela eZurich. Lesi isikhungo esikhulu esisebenza kuphela ngocwaningo oluyisisekelo. Abantu batadisha izinto ezisichazela izinto eziyisisekelo zendawo yonke futhi ezisisiza ukuba siziqonde kangcono. Beza lapho ngoba yilokho abafuna ukukwenza. Kithina, isithakazelo sihambisana nesidingo, isidingo sokwenza enye into ngaleso sikhathi. Ngakho-ke, kunomehluko onjalo ekuboneni nasekuthuthukisweni. Lezi izindlela ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele.
U-Dmitriy: Ingabe lesi sidingo sincike emkhathizwe wokuhlela wenhlangano elawulayo, umphakathi wesayensi, noma enye into?
Anton: Lokhu kulawulwa ngubani owaba imali. Okhokhayo ubiza ingoma. Sibona intshisekelo enkulu yokuba nemishini ethile lapha futhi manje. EYurophu kunezimali okuhloswe ngazo ukwenza ucwaningo oluyisisekelo. Kuya ngalabo abakhipha imali.
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Source: www.habr.com