I-inthanethi Yezinto ngokwemvelo yayo isho ukuthi amadivaysi avela kubakhiqizi abahlukene abasebenzisa izivumelwano zokuxhumana ezahlukene bazokwazi ukushintshanisa idatha. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi uxhume amadivayisi noma zonke izinqubo ebezingakwazi ukuxhumana ngaphambilini.
Idolobha elihlakaniphile, inethiwekhi ehlakaniphile, isakhiwo esihlakaniphile, ikhaya elihlakaniphile...
Amasistimu amaningi ahlakaniphile avela ngenxa yokusebenzisana noma athuthukiswa kakhulu yikho. Isibonelo ukunakekelwa okubikezelwayo kwempahla yokwakha. Nakuba esikhathini esidlule bekungenzeka ukulindela ukunakekelwa okufanele kudingeke ngokusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwemishini, lolu lwazi manje lwenezelwa idatha etholwe kumadivayisi afana nokudlidliza noma izinzwa zokushisa ezakhelwe ngqo emshinini.
Ukushintshaniswa kwedatha kungenziwa ngokuqondile phakathi kwabahlanganyeli benethiwekhi noma ngamasango, njengasekudlulisweni kwedatha kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bokuxhumana.
Amasango
Ngezinye izikhathi amasango abizwa ngokuthi amadivaysi asemaphethelweni, njengezinzwa ezingaphandle kwesayithi ezingagcina idatha engenayo emafini uma ukuxhumana neplathifomu ye-IoT kwehluleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangaphinda bacubungule idatha ukuze behlise ivolumu yayo futhi badlulisele kuphela lawo manani abonisa okungaqondakali noma eqe imikhawulo eyamukelekayo endaweni ye-IoT.
Uhlobo olukhethekile lwesango yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-concentrator yedatha, umsebenzi wayo ukuqoqa idatha kusuka kuzinzwa ezixhunyiwe bese uyidlulisela phezu kolunye uhlobo lokuxhumana, isibonelo, phezu kwezintambo. Isibonelo esijwayelekile isango eliqoqa idatha kusuka kumakhalorimitha amaningi kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-IQRF obufakwe kubhayela yebhilidi, bese lithunyelwa kuplathifomu ye-IoT kusetshenziswa iphrothokholi ye-IP ejwayelekile njenge-MQTT.
Amadivayisi asuselwe ekuxhumaneni okuqondile ikakhulukazi izinzwa zenhloso eyodwa, njengezinzwa ze-pulse eziklanyelwe amamitha kagesi, ezingahlonyiswa ngama-SIM card. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amadivaysi asebenzisa amasango ahlanganisa, isibonelo, izinzwa ze-Bluetooth Low Energy ezikala amazinga e-carbon dioxide ekamelweni.
Amanethiwekhi angenantambo
Ngaphezu kobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana bomphakathi obujwayelekile nobusabalele obufana ne-SigFox noma amanethiwekhi eselula e-3G/4G/5G, amadivayisi e-IoT aphinde asebenzise amanethiwekhi angenawaya endawo akhelwe umsebenzi othile, njengokuqoqa idatha kusuka kuzinzwa zokungcoliswa komoya. Isibonelo, i-LoRaWAN. Noma ubani angakwazi ukwakha inethiwekhi yakhe, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi nabo banesibopho sokuyigcina nokuyigcina, okungaba umsebenzi onzima uma kubhekwa ukuthi lawa manethiwekhi asebenza emabhendini angenayo ilayisensi.
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa amanethiwekhi omphakathi:
- i-topology yenethiwekhi elula uma kuziwa ekusetshenzisweni kwamadivaysi e-IoT;
- ukwenza lula ukugcinwa kokuxhumeka;
- u-opharetha unesibopho sokusebenza kwenethiwekhi.
Ububi bokusebenzisa amanethiwekhi omphakathi:
- ukuncika ku-opharetha wenethiwekhi kwenza kungenzeki ukuthola amaphutha okuxhumana nokuwalungisa ngesikhathi esifanele;
- ukuncika endaweni yokumboza isignali, enqunywa opharetha.
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yakho:
- izindleko eziphelele zokuxhuma zingalungiselelwa imishini ethile exhunyiwe (isb. izinzwa);
- impilo yebhethri ende isho izimfuneko zomthamo webhethri ezimbalwa.
Ububi bokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yakho:
- isidingo sokudala inethiwekhi yonke nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokuxhumana okungenantambo. Izinkinga zingase ziphakame, nokho, uma, ngokwesibonelo, imisebenzi yesakhiwo noma ukutholakala kushintsha futhi, ngenxa yalokho, izinzwa zingase zilahlekelwe isignali njengoba ngokuvamile zinamandla amancane okudlulisa idatha.
Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukusebenzisana kwamadivayisi okusivumela ukuthi sicubungule futhi sihlaziye idatha eqoqiwe sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana Nokufunda Ngomshini noma Ukuhlaziywa Kwedatha Enkulu. Ngosizo lwabo, singathola ukuxhumana phakathi kwedatha ngaphambilini ebibonakala ingacacile noma incane kithi, okusivumela ukuthi senze ukucabangela mayelana nokuthi iyiphi idatha ezokalwa ngokuzayo.
Lokhu kuthuthukisa izindlela ezintsha zokucabanga mayelana nendlela indawo ezungezile esebenza ngayo, njengokusebenzisa amandla ngendlela ephumelela kakhudlwana noma ukuthuthukisa izinqubo ezihlukahlukene, ekugcineni kuthuthukise izinga lethu lokuphila.
Source: www.habr.com