Ukusingathwa kwe-βUnderbedβ yigama eliyisitsotsi leseva esendaweni yokuhlala evamile futhi exhunywe esiteshini se-inthanethi sasekhaya. Amaseva anjalo ngokuvamile asingatha iseva ye-FTP yomphakathi, ikhasi lasekhaya lomnikazi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokusingathwa okuphelele kwamanye amaphrojekthi. Lesi simo sasivamile ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuvela kwe-Inthanethi yasekhaya ethengekayo ngesiteshi esizinikezele, lapho ukuqasha iseva ezinikezele esikhungweni sedatha kwakubiza kakhulu, futhi amaseva abonakalayo ayengakasakazeki futhi elungele ngokwanele.
Imvamisa, ikhompyutha endala yabelwa iseva "ye-underbed", lapho wonke ama-hard drive atholakele afakwa khona. Ingasebenza futhi njengerutha yasekhaya kanye ne-firewall. Sonke isisebenzi se-telecom esizihloniphayo sasiqinisekile ukuthi sineseva enjalo ekhaya.
Ngokufika kwezinsizakalo zamafu ezithengekayo, amaseva asekhaya asethandwa kakhulu, futhi namuhla iningi elingatholakala ezindlini zokuhlala yi-NAS yokugcina ama-albhamu wezithombe, amamuvi nezipele.
I-athikili idingida izimo ezifuna ukwazi ezihlobene neziphakeli zasekhaya kanye nezinkinga abalawuli bazo ababhekana nazo. Ake sibone ukuthi lesi simo sibukeka kanjani kulezi zinsuku futhi sikhethe ukuthi iziphi izinto ezithakazelisayo ongazisingatha kuseva yakho eyimfihlo namuhla.
Amaseva enethiwekhi yasekhaya eNovaya Kakhovka. Isithombe esivela kusayithi nag.ru
Ikheli le-IP elilungile
Isidingo esiyinhloko seseva yasekhaya kwakuwukuba khona kwekheli le-IP langempela, okungukuthi, elisebenzisekayo ku-inthanethi. Abahlinzeki abaningi abazange banikeze isevisi enjalo kubantu ngabanye, futhi kwakudingeka itholwe ngesivumelwano esikhethekile. Ngokuvamile umhlinzeki wayedinga ukuphetha inkontileka ehlukile yokuhlinzekwa kwe-IP ezinikele. Ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nale nqubo yayihilela ukudala i-NIC Handle ehlukile yomnikazi, ngenxa yalokho igama lakhe eliphelele nekheli lasekhaya litholakala ngokuqondile kusetshenziswa umyalo we-Whois. Lapha kwakudingeka siqaphele lapho siphikisana ku-intanethi, ngoba ihlaya elithi "ukubala nge-IP" layeka ukuba yihlaya. Ngendlela, hhayi kudala kwakukhona ihlazo , enqume ukubeka idatha yomuntu siqu yawo wonke amaklayenti ayo ku-whois.
Ikheli le-IP laphakade vs DynDNS
Kuhle uma ukwazile ukuthola ikheli le-IP unomphela - khona-ke ungakwazi ukuqondisa kalula wonke amagama wesizinda kuwo futhi ukhohlwe ngakho, kodwa lokhu bekungenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi. Abahlinzeki abaningi abakhulu be-ADSL bezinga likahulumeni banikeze amaklayenti ikheli le-IP langempela kuphela phakathi nesikhathi seseshini, okungukuthi, lingashintsha kanye ngosuku, noma uma imodemu iqaliswe kabusha noma uxhumo lulahlekile. Kulokhu, izinsizakalo ze-DNS (eziguqukayo) ze-DNS zasiza. Isevisi edume kakhulu , okwakumahhala isikhathi eside, kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthola isizinda esingaphansi kwendawo *.dyndns.org, okungabuyekezwa ngokushesha lapho ikheli le-IP lishintsha. Iskripthi esikhethekile ngasohlangothini lweklayenti sihlala singqongqoza kuseva ye-DynDNS, futhi uma ikheli laso eliphumayo lishintsha, ikheli elisha lalifakwa ngokushesha kurekhodi elingu-A lesizinda esingaphansi.
Izimbobo ezivaliwe namaphrothokholi avinjelwe
Abahlinzeki abaningi, ikakhulukazi i-ADSL enkulu, bebemelene nabasebenzisi abasingatha noma yiziphi izinsiza zomphakathi kumakheli abo, ngakho-ke banqabela ukuxhumeka okungenayo ezimbobeni ezidumile njenge-HTTP. Kunezimo ezaziwayo lapho abahlinzeki bevimbe izimbobo zamaseva egeyimu, njenge-Counter-Strike ne-Half-Life. Lo mkhuba usadumile nanamuhla, ngezinye izikhathi obangela izinkinga. Isibonelo, cishe bonke abahlinzeki bavimba izimbobo ze-RPC ne-NetBios Windows (135-139 kanye ne-445) ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusabalala kwamagciwane, kanye nezimbobo ezingena njalo zephrothokholi ye-imeyili SMTP, POP3, IMAP.
Abahlinzeki abahlinzeka ngamasevisi ocingo lwe-IP ngaphezu kwe-inthanethi bathanda ukuvimba izimbobo zephrothokholi ye-SIP ukuze baphoqe amakhasimende ukuthi asebenzise amasevisi awo ocingo kuphela.
I-PTR nokuthumela i-imeyili
Ukusingatha iseva yakho yemeyili kuyisihloko esikhulu esihlukile. Ukugcina iseva ye-imeyili yomuntu siqu ngaphansi kombhede wakho engaphansi kolawulo lwakho kuwumbono olingayo kakhulu. Kodwa ukuqaliswa ekusebenzeni kwakungenakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi. Iningi lamakheli e-ISP asekhaya avinjelwe unomphela ohlwini logaxekile (), ngakho-ke amaseva e-imeyili avele enqabe ukwamukela ukuxhumeka kwe-SMTP okungenayo okuvela kumakheli e-IP abahlinzeki basekhaya. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakucishe kungenzeki ukuthumela incwadi evela kuseva enjalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kuthunyelwe imeyili ngempumelelo, kwakudingeka kufakwe irekhodi elilungile le-PTR ekhelini le-IP, okungukuthi, ukuguqulwa okuphambene kwekheli le-IP egameni lesizinda. Iningi labahlinzeki livume lokhu kuphela ngesivumelwano esikhethekile noma lapho liphetha inkontileka ehlukile.
Sifuna amaseva angaphansi kombhede womakhelwane
Sisebenzisa amarekhodi e-PTR, singabona ukuthi yimuphi komakhelwane bethu ngamakheli e-IP ovumile ukusetha irekhodi elikhethekile le-DNS le-IP yabo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha ikheli lethu le-IP lasekhaya bese usebenzisa umyalo walo ubani, futhi sithola ububanzi bamakheli umhlinzeki awakhipha kumakhasimende. Kungase kube nobubanzi obuningi obunjalo, kodwa ngenxa yokuhlola, ake sihlole eyodwa.
Esimweni sethu, lo ngumhlinzeki we-Online (Rostelecom). Asambe siye futhi uthole ikheli lethu le-IP:
Phela, i-Online ingomunye walabo bahlinzeki abahlala bekhipha i-IP ehlala njalo kumakhasimende, ngisho nangaphandle kwesevisi yekheli le-IP elizinikele. Nokho, ikheli lingase lingashintshi izinyanga.
Masixazulule lonke uhla lwamakheli 95.84.192.0/18 (cishe amakheli ayizinkulungwane eziyi-16) sisebenzisa i-nmap. Inketho -sL empeleni ayiskeneli abasingathi, kodwa ithumela kuphela imibuzo ye-DNS, ngakho emiphumeleni sizobona kuphela imigqa equkethe isizinda esihlotshaniswa nekheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi.
$ nmap -sL -vvv 95.84.192.0/18
......
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-131.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.131)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-132.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.132)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-133.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.133)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-134.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.134)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-135.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.135)
Nmap scan report for mx2.merpassa.ru (95.84.195.136)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-137.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.137)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-138.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.138)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-139.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.139)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-140.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.140)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-141.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.141)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-142.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.142)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-143.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.143)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-144.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.144)
.....
Cishe wonke amakheli anerekhodi le-PTR elijwayelekile njenge broadband-address.ip.moscow.rt.ru ngaphandle kwezinto ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa mx2.merpassa.ru. Uma sibheka isizinda esingaphansi kwe-mx, lena iseva yemeyili (ukushintshisana kwemeyili). Ake sizame ukuhlola leli kheli kusevisi
Kungabonakala ukuthi lonke ibanga le-IP lisohlwini olungapheli lokuvinjwa, futhi izinhlamvu ezithunyelwa zisuka kule seva ngeke neze zifinyelele kumamukeli. Naka lokhu lapho ukhetha iseva ye-imeyili ephumayo.
Ukugcina iseva yemeyili kububanzi be-IP bomhlinzeki wakho wasekhaya kuhlala kuwumbono omubi. Iseva enjalo izoba nenkinga yokuthumela nokwamukela i-imeyili. Gcina lokhu engqondweni uma umlawuli wesistimu yakho ephakamisa ukuthi uthumele iseva yemeyili ngokuqondile ekhelini le-IP lehhovisi.
Sebenzisa ukusingathwa kwangempela noma isevisi ye-imeyili. Ngale ndlela kuzomele ushaye ucingo kancane ukuze uhlole ukuthi izincwadi zakho sezifikile yini.
Ukusingatha kumzila we-WiFi
Ngokufika kwamakhompyutha ebhodi elilodwa njenge-Raspberry Pi, akumangazi ukubona iwebhusayithi isebenza kudivayisi elingana nephakethe likagwayi, kodwa nangaphambi kwe-Raspberry Pi, abathanda babesebenzisa amakhasi asekhaya ngqo kumzila we-WiFi!
Irutha yenganekwane ye-WRT54G, eyaqala iphrojekthi ye-OpenWRT ngo-2004
Irutha ye-Linksys WRT54G, okwaqala kuyo iphrojekthi ye-OpenWRT, yayingenazo izimbobo ze-USB, kodwa izingcweti zathola izikhonkwane ze-GPIO ezidayisiwe ezingasetshenziswa njenge-SPI. Lena yindlela evele ngayo i-mod enezela ikhadi le-SD kudivayisi. Lokhu kwavula inkululeko enkulu yokusungula izinto. Ungakwazi ngisho nokuhlanganisa yonke i-PHP! Ngiyakhumbula mathupha ukuthi, cishe ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi ngithengisa kanjani, ngithengise ikhadi le-SD kule router. Kamuva, izimbobo ze-USB zizovela kumarutha futhi ungavele ufake i-flash drive.
Ngaphambilini, bekunamaphrojekthi amaningana ku-inthanethi athulwe ngokuphelele kumzila we-WiFi yasekhaya; kuzoba nombhalo mayelana nalokhu ngezansi. Ngeshwa, angikwazanga ukuthola isayithi elilodwa elibukhoma. Mhlawumbe uyazazi lezi?
Amakhabethe esiva avela kumatafula e-IKEA
Ngolunye usuku, othile wathola ukuthi itafula lekhofi elidumile elivela ku-IKEA elibizwa ngokuthi i-Lack lisebenza kahle njengendawo yokubeka amaseva ajwayelekile angu-19-intshi. Ngenxa yenani layo elingu-$9, leli thebula selidume kakhulu ngokudala izikhungo zedatha yasekhaya. Le ndlela yokufaka ibizwa ngokuthi .
Ithebula le-Ikea Lakk lilungile esikhundleni sekhabhinethi yeseva
Amatafula angabekwa phezu kwelinye futhi akhe amakhabethe esiva wangempela. Ngeshwa, ngenxa ye-chipboard ene-laminated entekenteke, amaseva asindayo abangele ukuthi amatafula ahlukane. Ukuze zithembeke, zaziqiniswa ngamakhona ensimbi.
Indlela izingane zesikole ezangincisha ngayo i-Internet
Njengoba bekulindelekile, nami ngineseva yami engaphansi kombhede, lapho bekuqhutshwa khona inkundla elula, enikezelwe esihlokweni esihlobene nomdlalo. Ngolunye usuku, umfana wesikole onolaka, enganelisekile ngokuvinjelwa, wancenga ozakwabo, futhi ndawonye baqala i-DDoS inkundla yami besebenzisa amakhompyutha abo asekhaya. Njengoba sonke isiteshi se-inthanethi ngaleso sikhathi sasicishe sibe ngamaMegabhithi angama-20, bakwazile ukukhubaza ngokuphelele i-Intanethi yasekhaya. Akukho ukuvinjwa kwe-firewall okusizile, ngoba isiteshi besiphelelwe amandla.
Ngaphandle kwakubonakala kuhlekisa kakhulu:
- Sawubona, kungani ungangiphenduli ku-ICQ?
- Uxolo, ayikho i-inthanethi, bazama ukungithola.
Ukuxhumana nomhlinzeki akuzange kusize, bangitshele ukuthi kwakungeyona isibopho sabo ukubhekana nalokhu, futhi bangavimbela kuphela ithrafikhi yami engenayo ngokuphelele. Ngakho ngahlala izinsuku ezimbili ngaphandle kwe-intanethi kuze kube yilapho abahlaseli bekhathele yiyo.
isiphetho
Bekufanele kube nokukhethwa kwezinsizakalo zesimanje ze-P2P ezingafakwa kuseva yasekhaya, njenge-ZeroNet, IPFS, Tahoe-LAFS, BitTorrent, I2P. Kodwa kule minyaka embalwa edlule umbono wami ushintshe kakhulu. Ngikholwa ukuthi ukusingatha noma yiziphi izinsiza zomphakathi ekhelini le-IP lasekhaya, futhi ikakhulukazi lezo ezibandakanya ukulanda okuqukethwe komsebenzisi, kudala ubungozi obungenabulungiswa kubo bonke abahlali abahlala efulethini. Manje ngikweluleka ukuthi uvimbele ukuxhumana okungenayo okuvela ku-inthanethi ngangokunokwenzeka, ulahle amakheli e-IP azinikele, futhi ugcine wonke amaphrojekthi akho kumaseva akude ku-inthanethi.
Landela unjiniyela wethu ku-Instagram
Source: www.habr.com