🥇Imininingwane yokusetshenziswa kwe-RSTP kanye nephrothokholi yobunikazi Eyengeziwe Yendandatho Yendandatho

Ungathola izinto eziningi mayelana nephrothokholi ye-RSTP ku-inthanethi. Kulesi sihloko, ngiphakamisa ukuqhathanisa iphrothokholi ye-RSTP nephrothokholi yobunikazi evela Ukuxhumana kwePhoenix - Ukwehlukaniswa Kwendandatho Okunwetshiwe.

Imininingwane Yokwenziwa Kwe-RSTP

Ulwazi jikelele

Isikhathi sokuhlangana – 1-10 imizuzwana
Ama-topology angenzeka – noma yikuphi

Kukholelwa kabanzi ukuthi i-RSTP ivumela kuphela ukushintsha ukuthi kuxhunywe kwendandatho:

Kodwa i-RSTP ikuvumela ukuthi uxhume amaswishi nganoma iyiphi indlela oyifunayo. Isibonelo, i-RSTP ingaphatha le topology.

Isimiso sokusebenza

I-RSTP yehlisa noma iyiphi i-topology ibe isihlahla. Enye yezishintshi iba isikhungo se-topology - ukushintsha kwezimpande. I-root switch ithwala idatha eningi ngayo ngokwayo.

Umgomo wokusebenza we-RSTP umi kanje:

amandla anikezwa amaswishi;
i-root switch ikhethiwe;
amaswishi asele anquma indlela esheshayo yokushintsha impande;
iziteshi ezisele zivinjiwe futhi zibe isipele.

Ukukhetha I-Root Switch

Ishintsha nge-RSTP exchange BPDU amaphakethe. I-BPDU iyiphakethe lesevisi eliqukethe ulwazi lwe-RSTP. I-BPDU iza ngezinhlobo ezimbili:

Ukucushwa kwe-BPDU.
Isaziso Sokushintsha Kwe-Topology.

I-BPDU yokucushwa isetshenziselwa ukwakha i-topology. Yishintsha impande kuphela eyithumelayo. I-BPDU yokucushwa iqukethe:

I-ID yomthumeli (ID yebhuloho);
I-ID ye-Root Bridge;
isihlonzi sembobo lapho leli phakethe lithunyelwe khona (I-ID Yembobo);
izindleko zomzila oya kushintsho lwempande (Izindleko Zendlela Yomsuka).

Noma iyiphi iswishi ingathumela Isaziso Sokushintsha Kwe-Topology. Zithunyelwa lapho i-topology ishintsha.

Ngemuva kokuvula, wonke amaswishi azibheka njengamaswishi ezimpande. Baqala ukudlulisa amaphakethe e-BPDU. Lapho nje iswishi ithola i-BPDU ene-ID Yebhuloho ephansi kuneyayo, ayisazibheki njengeswishi yezimpande.

I-ID yebhuloho iqukethe amanani amabili - ikheli le-MAC kanye ne-Bridge Priority. Asikwazi ukushintsha ikheli le-MAC. I-Bridge Priority ngokuzenzakalelayo ithi 32768. Uma ungashintshi I-Bridge Priority, iswishi enekheli le-MAC eliphansi iyoba yi-root switch. Iswishi enekheli elincane le-MAC iyona endala futhi ingase ingasebenzi kakhulu. Kunconywa ukuthi uchaze ngokuzenzakalelayo ukushintshwa kwempande ye-topology yakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukumisa i-Bridge Priority encane (isibonelo, i-0) ekushintsheni kwempande. Ungakwazi futhi ukuchaza iswishi yempande eyisipele ngokuyinikeza i-Bridge Priority ephakeme kancane (isibonelo, 4096).

Ukukhetha indlela eya ku-root switch

I-root switch ithumela amaphakethe e-BPDU kuzo zonke izimbobo ezisebenzayo. I-BPDU inenkambu ye-Path Cost. I-Path Cost isho izindleko zendlela. Uma ziphakeme izindleko zendlela, kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthi iphakethe lidluliselwe. Uma i-BPDU idlula echwebeni, izindleko zengezwa kunkambu Yezindleko Zendlela. Inombolo eyengeziwe ibizwa nge-Port Cost.

Yengeza inani elithile ku-Path Cost lapho i-BPDU idlula echwebeni. Inani elengezayo libizwa ngokuthi izindleko zembobo futhi linganqunywa ngokwenza noma ngokuzenzakalelayo. I-Port Cost inganqunywa ngesandla noma ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Uma iswishi engeyona impande inezinye izindlela ezimbalwa eziya empandeni, ikhetha eshesha kakhulu. Iqhathanisa Izindleko Zendlela yalezi zindlela. Ichweba okwavela kulo i-BPDU ne-Path Cost ephansi liba yi-Root Port.

Izindleko zamachweba abelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo zingabukwa kuthebula:

Izinga lePort Baud
Izindleko zechweba

10 Mb/s
2 000 000

100 Mb/s
200 000

1 Gb / s
20 000

10 Gb / s
2 000

Izindima zamachweba kanye nezimo

Ukushintsha izimbobo kunezimo ezimbalwa nezindima zembobo.

Izimo zembobo (ze-STP):

Ikhutshaziwe – ayisebenzi.
Ukuvimba - kulalela i-BPDU, kodwa ayidlulisi. Ayihambisi idatha.
Ukulalela - kulalela futhi kudlulise i-BPDU. Ayihambisi idatha.
Ukufunda - kulalela futhi kudlulise i-BPDU. Ilungiselela ukudluliswa kwedatha - igcwalisa ithebula lekheli le-MAC.
Ukudlulisela phambili - kudlulisa idatha, kulalele futhi kudlulise i-BPDU.

Isikhathi sokuhlangana se-STP amasekhondi angu-30-50. Ngemva kokuvula iswishi, zonke izimbobo zidlula kuzo zonke izimo. Imbobo ihlala esimweni ngasinye imizuzwana embalwa. Lesi simiso sokusebenza yingakho i-STP inesikhathi eside kangaka sokuhlangana. I-RSTP inezifunda zembobo ezimbalwa.

Izimo zembobo (ze-RSTP):

Ukulahla – akusebenzi.
Iyalahla – ilalela i-BPDU, kodwa ayidlulisi. Ayihambisi idatha.
Ukulahla - kulalela futhi kudlulise i-BPDU. Ayihambisi idatha.
Ukufunda - kulalela futhi kudlulise i-BPDU. Ilungiselela ukudluliswa kwedatha - igcwalisa ithebula lekheli le-MAC.
Ukudlulisela phambili - kudlulisa idatha, kulalele futhi kudlulise i-BPDU.
Ku-RSTP, izimo zokuKhubazeka, Ukuvimba kanye Nokulalela zihlanganiswa zibe yinto eyodwa - Ukulahla.

Izindima zembobo:

Imbobo yezimpande - imbobo lapho idatha idluliselwa khona. Isebenza njengendlela eshesha kakhulu yokushintsha impande.
Imbobo ekhethiwe - imbobo lapho idatha idluliswa khona. Kuchazelwe ingxenye ngayinye ye-LAN.
Enye imbobo - imbobo lapho idatha ingadluliswa khona. Kuyindlela ehlukile yokushintsha impande.
Imbobo yokulondoloza - imbobo lapho idatha ingadluliswa khona. Kuyindlela yokwenza isipele yesegimenti lapho imbobo eyodwa enikwe amandla i-RSTP isivele ixhunyiwe. Imbobo eyisipele isetshenziswa uma amashaneli amabili okushintsha exhunywe kungxenye eyodwa (ihabhu lokufunda).
Imbobo ekhubazekile - i-RSTP ivaliwe kule port.

Ukukhethwa kwe-Root Port kuchazwe ngenhla. Imbobo Ekhethiwe ikhethwa kanjani?

Okokuqala, ake sichaze ukuthi iyini ingxenye ye-LAN. Ingxenye ye-LAN iyisizinda sokushayisana. Kuswishi noma umzila, imbobo ngayinye yenza isizinda sokushayisana esihlukile. Ingxenye ye-LAN iyishaneli phakathi kwamaswishi noma amarutha. Uma sikhuluma ngehabhu, khona-ke ihabhu inawo wonke amachweba ayo esizindeni esifanayo sokushayisana.

Imbobo Ekhethiwe eyodwa kuphela enikezwa ngesegimenti ngayinye.

Endabeni yezingxenye lapho sekukhona ama-Root Ports, konke kucacile. Ichweba lesibili engxenyeni liba Ichweba Eliqokiwe.

Kodwa kusasele iziteshi eziyisipele, lapho kuzoba khona Imbobo Ekhethiwe eyodwa kanye Nesinye Imbobo esisodwa. Bazokhethwa kanjani? Imbobo Ekhethiwe izoba yimbobo enezindleko zendlela eziphansi kakhulu ekushintsheni kwempande. Uma Izindleko Zendlela zilingana, khona-ke Imbobo Ekhethiwe izoba yimbobo etholakala kuswishi ene-ID Yebhuloho ephansi kakhulu. Uma ne-ID yebhuloho zilingana, kusho ukuthi Imbobo Ekhethiwe iba yimbobo enenombolo ephansi kakhulu. Ichweba lesibili lizoba elinye.

Kunephuzu lokugcina: inini indima ethi Ukwenza Ikhophi Yasenqolobaneni yabelwe ichweba? Njengoba kakade kubhaliwe ngenhla, imbobo yokulondoloza isetshenziswa kuphela lapho iziteshi ezimbili zokushintshwa zixhunywe engxenyeni efanayo, okungukuthi, kuhabhu. Kulokhu, Imbobo Ekhethiwe ikhethwa kusetshenziswa indlela efanayo ncamashi:

Indlela Ephansi Izindleko zokushintshwa kwempande.
I-ID encane yebhuloho.
I-ID Yembobo encane kakhulu.

Inombolo enkulu yamadivayisi kunethiwekhi

Izinga le-IEEE 802.1D alinazo izimfuneko eziqinile zenombolo yamadivayisi ku-LAN ene-RSTP. Kodwa izinga lincoma ukusebenzisa ukushintshwa okungaphezu kuka-7 egatsheni elilodwa (akukho ngaphezu kwama-hops angu-7), i.e. angabi ngaphezu kwe-15 eringini. Uma leli nani leqiwa, isikhathi sokuhlangana kwenethiwekhi siqala ukwanda.

Imininingwane yokusetshenziswa kwe-ERR.

Ulwazi jikelele

Isikhathi sokuhlangana

Isikhathi sokuhlanganisa se-ERR ngu-15 ms. Ngenani eliphezulu lokushintshwa kwendandatho kanye nokuba khona kokumataniswa kwendandatho - 18 ms.

Ama-topology angenzeka

I-ERR ayikuvumeli amadivayisi ukuthi ahlanganiswe ngokukhululekile njenge-RSTP. I-ERR ine-topology ecacile engasetshenziswa:

The Ring
Indandatho eyimpinda
Bhanqa izindandatho ezifika kwamathathu

The Ring

Uma i-ERR ihlanganisa wonke amaswishi enze iringi eyodwa, khona-ke kuswishi ngayinye kuyadingeka ukulungisa izimbobo ezizobamba iqhaza ekwakheni iringi.

Iring kabili

Ukushintsha kungahlanganiswa kube yindandatho ephindwe kabili, okwandisa kakhulu ukwethembeka kwendandatho.

Imikhawulo yendandatho ekabili:

Iringi ekabili ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukuxhumanisa amaswishi namanye amaringi. Ukuze wenze lokhu udinga ukusebenzisa i-Ring Coupling.
Iringi ekabili ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa iringi yokukhwelana.

Ukumatanisa izindandatho

Uma ubhanqa, angeke kube namadivayisi angaphezu kuka-200 kunethiwekhi.

Ukumatanisa izindandatho kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa izindandatho ezisele kwenye indandatho.

Uma indandatho ixhunywe kwendandatho yesixhumi esibonakalayo ngokusebenzisa iswishi eyodwa, lokhu kubizwa ukumatanisa izindandatho ngokusebenzisa iswishi eyodwa. Uma amaswishi amabili asuka kwendandatho yendawo exhunywe kwindandatho yesixhumi esibonakalayo, lokhu kuzoba njalo ukubhanqa ngamaswishi amabili.

Uma ubhanqa ngeswishi eyodwa kudivayisi, zombili izimbobo ziyasetshenziswa. Isikhathi sokuhlangana kuleli cala sizoba cishe yi-15-17 ms. Ngokumatanisa okunjalo, ukushintshwa kokumatanisa kuzoba iphuzu lokwehluleka, ngoba Njengoba ilahlekelwe yile swishi, yonke iringi iyalahleka ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukumatanisa amaswishi amabili kugwema lokhu.

Kungenzeka ukufanisa izindandatho eziyimpinda.

Ukulawula Indlela

Umsebenzi Wokulawula Indlela ikuvumela ukuthi ulungiselele izimbobo lapho idatha izodluliswa khona ekusebenzeni okuvamile. Uma isiteshi sihluleka futhi inethiwekhi yakhiwe kabusha ku-topology eyisipele, ngemva kokuba isiteshi sesibuyiselwe, inethiwekhi izokwakhiwa kabusha ibuyele ku-topology eshiwo.

Lesi sici sikuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze kukhebuli eyisipele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-topology esetshenziselwa ukuxazulula izinkinga izohlala yaziwa.

I-topology eyinhloko ishintshela ku-topology eyisipele ngo-15 ms. Ukubuyela emuva uma inethiwekhi isibuyisiwe kuzothatha cishe u-30 ms.

Ukulinganiselwa:

Ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-Dual Ring.
Isici kufanele sinikwe amandla kuwo wonke amaswishi kunethiwekhi.
Enye yamaswishi ilungiselelwe njengengcweti Yokulawula Indlela.
Ukushintshela okuzenzakalelayo ku-topology eyinhloko ngemva kokululama kwenzeka ngemva kwesekhondi elingu-1 ngokuzenzakalelayo (le parameter ingashintshwa kusetshenziswa i-SNMP ebangeni elisuka ku-0 kuya ku-99 s).

Isimiso sokusebenza

Umgomo wokusebenza we-ERR

Isibonelo, cabanga ngokushintsha okuyisithupha - 1-6. Ukushintsha kuhlanganiswe kube indandatho. Iswishi ngayinye isebenzisa izimbobo ezimbili ukuze ixhume iringi futhi igcine izimo zazo. Ishintshela phambili izimo zembobo ukuya kwesinye. Amadivayisi asebenzisa le datha ukusetha isimo sokuqala sezimbobo.

Amachweba anezindima ezimbili kuphela - Uvinjiwe и Ukudlulisela phambili.

Iswishi enekheli eliphezulu le-MAC ivimba imbobo yayo. Zonke ezinye izimbobo kwiringi zidlulisela idatha.

Uma imbobo evinjiwe iyeka ukusebenza, imbobo elandelayo enekheli eliphezulu le-MAC iyavinjwa.

Uma sekuqalisiwe, amaswishi aqala ukuthumela amayunithi edatha ye-Ring Protocol Data (R-PDUs). I-R-PDU isakazwa kusetshenziswa i-multicast. I-R-PDU ingumlayezo wesevisi, njenge-BPDU ku-RSTP. I-R-PDU iqukethe izimo zembobo yokushintsha kanye nekheli layo le-MAC.

I-algorithm yezenzo uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwesiteshi
Uma isixhumanisi sihluleka, amaswishi athumela ama-R-PDU ukuze azise ukuthi isimo sezimbobo sishintshile.

Алгоритм действий при восстановлении канала
Uma isixhumanisi esihlulekile siza ku-inthanethi, amaswishi athumela ama-R-PDU ukuze azise izimbobo ngoshintsho lwesimo.

Iswishi enekheli eliphakeme kakhulu le-MAC iba iswishi yempande entsha.

Isiteshi esihlulekile siba yibhekhaphu.

Ngemva kokubuyiselwa, elinye lamachweba wesiteshi lihlala livinjelwe, futhi elesibili lidluliselwa esimweni sokudlulisela phambili. Imbobo evinjiwe iba imbobo enesivinini esiphezulu. Uma izivinini zilingana, imbobo yokushintsha enekheli eliphezulu le-MAC izovinjwa. Lesi simiso sikuvumela ukuthi uvimbele ichweba elizosuka esimweni esivinjiwe liye esimweni sokudlulisela phambili ngesivinini esiphezulu.

Inombolo enkulu yamadivayisi kunethiwekhi

Inombolo enkulu yokushintshwa eringini ye-ERR ngu-200.

Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-ERR ne-RSTP

I-RSTP ingasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-ERR. Kodwa indandatho ye-RSTP kanye neringi ye-ERR kufanele kuphambane kuphela ngeswishi eyodwa.

Isifingqo

I-ERR inhle ekuhleleni ama-topology ajwayelekile. Isibonelo, indandatho noma indandatho eyimpinda.

Ama-topology anjalo avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuphinda asetshenziswe ezindaweni zezimboni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngosizo lwe-ERR, i-topology yesibili ingasetshenziswa ngokungathembeki, kodwa ngokubiza kakhulu. Lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa indandatho eyimpinda.

Kodwa akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukusebenzisa i-ERR. Kukhona izikimu exotic ngempela. Sihlole i-topology elandelayo nelinye lamakhasimende ethu.

Kulesi simo, i-ERR ayinakwenzeka ukusebenza. Kulolu hlelo sisebenzise i-RSTP. Ikhasimende belinesidingo esiqinile sesikhathi sokuhlangana - ngaphansi kwemizuzwana emi-3. Ukuze kuzuzwe lesi sikhathi, kwakudingeka ukuchaza ngokucacile ukushintshwa kwezimpande (okuyinhloko kanye nesipele), kanye nezindleko zamachweba kwimodi yezandla.

Njengomphumela, i-ERR inenzuzo ebonakalayo ngokuya kwesikhathi sokuhlangana, kodwa ayinikezi ukuguquguquka okuhlinzekwa yi-RSTP.

Source: www.habr.com

Imininingwane yokuqaliswa kwe-RSTP kanye namaphrothokholi e-Extended Ring Redundancy

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