🥇I-automation yasekhaya egcwele esakhiweni esisha

Eminyakeni emithathu edlule ngaqala ukuguqula iphupho lami elidala libe ngokoqobo - i-automation yasekhaya ephezulu yefulethi elithengwe esakhiweni esisha kusukela ekuqaleni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, "ukuqeda kusuka kumthuthukisi" kwakudingeka kwenziwe umhlatshelo ekhaya elihlakaniphile futhi ukwenze kabusha ngokuphelele, futhi wonke ama-electrics angahlobene ne-automation avela endaweni eyaziwa kakhulu yamaShayina. I-soldering iron yayingadingeki, kodwa kwathatha isikhathi eside ukuthola izingcweti ezinolwazi, abasebenza ngogesi nababazi.

Iphaneli yokulawula amafulethi ngoFebhuwari 2020 (Umsizi Wasekhaya)

Kulesi sihloko ngizokhuluma ngokukhethwa kobuchwepheshe basekhaya obusetshenziswa efulethini, futhi ngizohlinzeka ngemidwebo yami yokufaka izintambo, izithombe zakho konke okwenziwayo, amaphaneli kagesi atholakele kanye nokuhlelwa kwawo wonke amadivayisi, futhi ngizonikeza isixhumanisi. ku-GitHub.

Ukwakhiwa kwendlu yethu kuyaqhubeka - Novemba 2016

Bengifunani ngo-2017?

Selokhu ngaba umnikazi wefulethi esiteji sokumbiwa ngo-2015, ngase nginesikhathi esisele ngaphambi kokuthi ifulethi ligunyazwe ngo-2018 ukuthi nginqume ukuthi yibuphi ubuchwepheshe be-automation engizobusebenzisa efulethini lami futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi bengizothini. ukuphatha.

Bengifuna ukukhetha inketho engcono kakhulu futhi ngibe nezinketho ezilandelayo:

Okogesi:

Lawula amazinga okukhanyisa kuwo wonke amakamelo;
Lawula ukukhanya kuye ngesikhathi sonyaka nosuku;
Lingisa ukuba khona kwabanikazi (uma bengekho);
Lawula amakhethini kanye nezimpumputhe nge-electric drive;

Iphaneli yokulawula amafulethi ewumphumela esekelwe kumsizi Wasekhaya ngo-2020 inguqulo yeselula yokulawula ukukhanya

Okokubalwa kwamandla:

Hlela iqoqo lokufunda kusuka kuwo wonke amadivaysi e-metering kube iphaneli yokulawula eyodwa;

Ngokohlelo lwemishini yomsindo nevidiyo. I-Multiroom:

Iba nebhange elilodwa eliphakathi lolwazi lwevidiyo yomsindo;
Thulisa umculo ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho kukhala ifoni noma isicabha;
Bonisa ngokuzenzakalelayo imilayezo yesimo ezikrinini;
Lawula isibonisi sekhamera yezokuphepha ephasishi ku-TV egumbini lokulala;
Phatha zonke izisetshenziswa zetiyetha yasekhaya;

Okwamasistimu ekhompyutha:

Phatha wonke amasistimu kusuka noma yikuphi emhlabeni;
Phatha wonke amasistimu kunoma iyiphi ikhompyutha endlini;
Thola izithombe kunoma iyiphi ikhamera ye-CCTV kusuka noma yikuphi emhlabeni;
Funda imilayezo yesistimu kunoma iyiphi iphaneli yokuthinta efulethini;
Ukulandelela ukuba khona kwabantu abathile, isikhathi sabo sokufika / sokuhamba;

Iphaneli yokulawula ifulethi eliwumphumela elisuselwa kuMsizi Wasekhaya ngo-2020 inguqulo yeselula yokulawula isicoci se-robot vacuum

Ngokusho kwesistimu yokuqapha ividiyo:

Ukufaka isignali kusuka kumakhamera okuqapha kuya ohlelweni lwama-multiroom;

Isithombe-skrini Somsizi Wasekhaya ngo-2020 - izinzwa zekhamera nezicabha

Ukuze uthole umoya omncane kanye ne-air conditioning system. Isistimu yokushisisa:

Lawula izinga lokushisa noma umswakama kuwo wonke amakamelo;
Lawula ukungena komoya ngokuya ngezinga lokushisa nomswakama;

Isithombe-skrini sephaneli yokulawula ifulethi ngo-2020 (Umsizi Wasekhaya)

Ngokohlelo lokulawula isimo sezulu:

Ukuqoqwa kolwazi lwesimo sezulu ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwendlu (izinga lokushisa, umswakama, umoya, ukucindezela komkhathi);
Bonisa ulwazi oludingekayo kumadivayisi okubona ngeso;

Okwesistimu yokuphakelwa kwamanzi abandayo nashisayo:

Ulwazi mayelana nokuvuza kanye nokwenziwa kwendawo;

Uhlu lwabonakala luhlaba umxhwele, kodwa ngangifuna ukuba nazo zonke izinto.

Ngocingo noma ngomoya?

Ngokweqile, ngo-2017 azikho izinkinga ngokukhetha ubuchwepheshe bekhaya elihlakaniphile. Nawu umbiko ovela komunye wabakhiqizi baseYurophu:

Isithombe esivela embikweni ka-2017 - ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ezindlini ezihlakaniphile

Ngithanda ukuqaphela ukuthi ngo-2017 ngase ngineminyaka emihlanu yokuhlangenwe nakho kokuthanda amakhaya ahlakaniphile, ngiqala ngezinga elikhethekile le-Z-Wave, elingadingi izintambo ezengeziwe kanye nomsebenzi wokulungisa, futhi ligcina nge-actuator enentambo ye-MegaD-328 ethengekayo. , engeke isetshenziswe ngaphandle kokuchotshozwa kodonga. Phakathi nje kwalezi zigxobo ngibe nolwazi olwengeziwe ngokungabizi ukuhlukahluka kwama-microcontrollers e-Chinese ESP8266 ane-Wi-Fi interface kuma-relay ahlukahlukene asefekthri nezinzwa. Kodwa njengoba kwakukhona ithuba lokwenza yonke into efulethini kusukela ekuqaleni, khona-ke okokuqala ngacabangela inketho enezintambo futhi lezi kwakuyizindawo ezilandelayo nemikhiqizo:

I-KNX
I-Loxone
Ibhodi Lezintambo
Inani eliphakeme lempahla ye-PLC ARIES
I-MegaD 2561

Kwaphela isikhathi eside ngibhekisisa ibhasi le-KNX elisezindaweni ezithile, elingaboshelwe kumthengisi othile. Ngize ngavakashela izifaki eziningana ePerm naseMoscow, kodwa amanani acashunwe emishinini yodwa (~700k ruble) ayemangaza. Ngenxa yalokho, i-KNX kwadingeka iyekwe.

I-Wiren Board kanye ne-Loxone nabo bashiye ngenxa yezizathu zezimali.

I-ARIES PLC kimi yayibonakala iyindida kakhulu emisebenzini eshiwo - phela, lokhu kuwukuzishintsha kwezimboni.

Ngakho kwakusele inketho eyodwa kuphela - isilawuli se-MegaD 2561 esivela eSamara. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngase nginolwazi lokusebenza naye.

Izama ukuheha unjiniyela emcabangweni wami

Ngenza umzamo wokushintsha izintambo zikagesi zefulethi ngunjiniyela, ngenze isicelo:

Прошу сообщить о возможности изменить прокладку осветительных сетей с обычной схемы освещения на прокладку для последующего использования в системе проводной домашней автоматизации по объекту долевого строительства 1-комнатная квартира № XXX, расположенная во XXX подъезде на XXX этаже дома по адресу г. Пермь, Свердловский район, квартал 179, ул. Революции, 48а, расчетной площадью 41,70 кв.м.

Прокладка сети электроосвещения для последующего использования в системе проводной домашней автоматизации подразумевает, что от каждого светильника, выключателя, розетки или потребителя электроэнергии идет отдельный электрический кабель до квартирного электрического щитка, где он маркируется во избежание путаницы и коммутируется необходимым образом. Электрический щиток при этом необходим размером не менее 48 модулей.
Impendulo engeyinhle yathunyelwa ngokushesha.

Impendulo yonjiniyela

Ukwakha amaphrojekthi asebenzayo

Ngemuva kokuthi unjiniyela enqabile ukubambisana ngo-2017, ngahlanganisa:

iphrojekthi yokubeka ifenisha;
amaphrojekthi azo zonke izintambo;
amaphrojekthi okuvikela amandla;
imidwebo yezintambo zama-switchboard actuators.

Iphrojekthi yokuhlelwa kwefenisha efulethini elingu-41 sq. m (idwetshwe ku-Sweet Home 3D)

Konke kwaqala ngephrojekthi yokuhlela ifenisha nezinto zikagesi zasendlini, kwase kwenziwa iphrojekthi yokudonsa zonke izintambo (ngezansi kunamashidi amabili kwayi-8 athuthukisiwe).

Ukuhlelwa kwezintambo zamandla VVG 3x2,5; I-VVG 3x1,5; I-VVG 5x1,5

UTP 5e umdwebo wezintambo ezisontekile

Ngabe sengiqala ukujula esihlokweni futhi ngadweba imiklamo yezihlangu zamandla; ngezansi kunesibonelo selinye lamashidi angu-5 athuthukisiwe.

Enye yamaphaneli kagesi amathathu

Ngemva kwalokho, i-automation design yaqala: yini okufanele uyixhume lapho nokuthi iyiphi ichweba - kwakukhona izintambo eziningi kakhulu. I-automation nge-MegaD-2561. Ngezansi kunamashidi amabili kwayisishiyagalombili ephrojekthi "yezintambo".

Izintambo zengxenye yamandla ku-actuator ye-MegaD-2561

Cishe zonke izintambo zamandla zeluliwe zisuka kumthengi zingene ngqo kuphaneli - lokhu kwandise kakhulu ubude bemizila yekhebula, kodwa bengifuna ukwenza amalungiselelo aphezulu okuzenzakalela.

Izintambo zokuxhuma izinzwa kudivayisi ye-MegaD-2561

Ukulungisa nokuqeda umsebenzi

Ngemva kokudweba wonke amaphrojekthi kanye nokulethwa kokugcina kwendlu ngumthuthukisi, umsebenzi waqala ukudiliza "ukulungiswa" okukhona kanye namanethiwekhi kagesi womthuthukisi.

Ukulungiswa kabusha kwekamelo lokulala

Ngemva kokudilizwa, kwaqala umsebenzi wokwakha, kuhlanganise nezintambo zokudonsa, ezihambisana nokuvala izindonga.

Ukudonsa izintambo ezintsha

Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, kwakudingeka senze izinguquko emiklamo yezintambo, silungise yonke into endaweni.

Isithombe esinekhebula elimaholoholo

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ku-automation yasekhaya ukuhlela zonke izintambo zibe endaweni eyodwa futhi elula. Kule ndawo, ngikhethe i-niche eyenziwe abakhi - ikhabethe lezinto - elisephasishi, eduze komnyango wangaphambili.

Amakhabethe kagesi amathathu - indawo eyodwa yokuxhuma zonke izintambo

Izinkinga zokusethwa kwesoftware

Ngemva kokuqedwa kokulungiswa ekuqaleni kuka-2018, ingxenye ethakazelisa kakhulu yaqala - ukusetha zonke izinhlelo nokukhetha izinhlelo zokulawula ikhaya elihlakaniphile.

Futhi kwakukhona ubunzima obuthile ngakho konke lokhu. Ngoba uma abakhi benza konke ukulungisa cishe izinyanga ezingu-4, besebenza endaweni yokwakha nsuku zonke, khona-ke ngichitha amahora ambalwa kuphela kulokhu, futhi hhayi nsuku zonke. Ngakho kwangithatha ezinye izinyanga ezintathu ukuqedela ukusetha.

Ekuqaleni, inqubo yehliswa kancane yiqiniso lokuthi angikwazanga ukumisa noma yini ukude: opharetha we-telecom uxhume amafulethi nge-GPON (Inethiwekhi ye-Gigabit Passive Optical) futhi kwakukhona indawo yokugcina yokuxhuma ngendlela ye-router ye-Huawei, kodwa bengifuna ukufaka i-MikroTik, ngoba, ngokubona kwami, ingenye yezinto ezihamba phambili ngokwesilinganiso sekhwalithi yamanani namuhla. Ngenxa yalokho, iphupho lifezekile, kodwa lokhu kusengamaviki ambalwa ngaphezu kwesikhathi esichithwe ekusetheni.

Ukusetha iHuawei HG8245H ngo-2018 ukuze isebenze ngokuhambisana neMikroTik

Nganginekhabhinethi yokushintsha ehlelwe ngokwehlukana ngaphakathi efulethini ngaphansi kophahla lwemishini yabahlinzeki bezokuxhumana - yafakwa ekulungiseni kusengaphambili (ungakubona kumdwebo ongenhla), futhi esigabeni sokuvuselela akuzona nje izintambo ezisontekile ezimbili, kodwa futhi intambo yokukhanya kwelulelwa kuyo.

I-automation yasekhaya ene-openHAB kanye Nomsizi Wasekhaya

Ekuqaleni, ngaqala ukwenza konke okuzenzakalelayo kwekhaya lami ku-openHAB. Futhi kwakungesona isiqalo esisheshayo, nakuba ngase ngivele nginolwazi nge-openHAB. Iyini le sistimu ye-automation yasekhaya?

i-openHAB (imele i-Home Automation Bus evulekile) ihlehlela emuva ku-2010, lapho ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kwaqalwa ngu-Kai Kreuzer eJalimane njengendawo evulekile yokwakha i-automation. Ngo-2010, cishe bezingekho izixazululo ezinjalo futhi i-openHAB ngezindlela eziningi yaba yisibonelo sezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zasekhaya ezihlakaniphile esizibona manje. Umqondo wakhe ulula: ukuhlanganisa izixazululo ezivela kubakhiqizi abahlukahlukene, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iphrothokholi kanye nezici zobuchwepheshe, endaweni eyodwa yesofthiwe evulekile. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ugweme noma yimuphi umkhiqizi othize futhi usebenzise yonke imikhiqizo ene-interface yokulawula eyodwa.

Ikhodi ye-Visual Studio. OpenHAB VS Isandiso Sekhodi

I-actuator ebaluleke kakhulu ye-automation yasekhaya efulethini kwakuyisilawuli esinezintambo ze-MegaD-2561 - sikhanyisa futhi sivale izibani, futhi sithola ukufundwa kuzo zonke izinzwa namamitha.

Inenani eliphansi kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nama-analogues ~ 3 ruble. (ekupheleni kuka-500) ku-controller plus, amamojula amabili engeziwe ayadingeka ukuze asebenze, isibonelo:

Imojula yokuqala: okokufaka okujwayelekile okungu-7, ukuphuma kwe-7 relay 0-220V (7 * 2300W/10A): ~ 3 ruble (ekupheleni kuka-000);
Imojula yesibili: okokufaka okungu-14 okulungisekayo kwe-hardware jikelele + 1 okukhiphayo okudluliswayo okunekhono lokuxhuma izinkinobho zombili nezinzwa zedijithali I2C, 1-wire, njll.: ~ 3 ruble (ekupheleni kuka-000);

Nginamasethi amabili afakwe endlini yami, okungukuthi, abalawuli ababili namamojula amane engeziwe.

Uma ubheka intengo yayo ephansi uma kuqhathaniswa, ungase ucabange ukuthi lena idivayisi ekahle yokuzenzakalela ekhaya, kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Lena idivayisi ye-Geek DIY kuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu, futhi uma ungenaso isikhathi nesineke sokusetha kokuqala nokuxhumeka ngokomzimba, AKUKHO okwakho. Futhi, i-MegaD-2561 ngeke isebenze ngaphandle kwebhokisi, njenge-Xiaomi Mi Home.

Futhi uma i-automation efulethini lakho noma endlini yakho ingenziwanga nguwe, kodwa yinhlangano ekhethekile, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthi unikezwe le divayisi, ngoba i-margin ephansi kakhulu kumfaki ochwepheshe.

Kodwa nganginesifiso nesikhathi sokuzitholela mina ngokwami futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ngithole ukusebenza "komuntu omdala" (le divayisi enganikeza ukucushwa okufanele), ngoba ngokusho kwe-KNX, engangiyibhekile ekuqaleni, ngicashunwe kuphela. inani elinjalo lemishini, engagcina ngiyikhokhele kukho konke ukulungiswa, ifenisha kanye nawo wonke umsebenzi kagesi, kuhlanganise nemishini ezenzakalelayo nezinzwa. Futhi ku-KNX lokhu bekuyintengo yemishini ngaphandle kokufakwa nokucushwa.

Ukucushwa kwefulethi lami ku-openHAB 2.2 ku-GitHub:
https://github.com/empenoso/openHAB_one-room-apartment/

Ekuqaleni konke kwakusebenza efulethini, kodwa ngemva konyaka ngabhekana nobunzima obungenakunqotshwa nge-openHAB ezintweni ezilula, engangivele ngizenzile izikhathi eziningi esikhathini esidlule. Ngakho-ke, ngo-2019 nginqume ukushintshela kumsizi Wasekhaya.

Kodwa lokhu akukona ukuphela kwendaba, kodwa ingxenye yokuqala kuphela ye-athikili. Ngizolungiselela ingxenye yesibili yesihloko emasontweni amabili.

I-UPD. Ukuqhubeka osekushicilelwe.

Umphumela

Engxenyeni yokuqala ye-athikili, ngikutshela ukuthi ngiphuphe ngani ngo-2016 nokuthi yini engayithola maphakathi no-2018. Ngiphinde ngikhulume ngomzamo wami ohlulekile wokuheha umthuthukisi esihlokweni se-automation yasekhaya nokuthi yini eyangiholela ekudwebeni ngokuzimela wonke amaphrojekthi ezishintshayo.

Esihlokweni nginikeza izithombe ezivela endaweni yokwakha ngomsebenzi wokulungisa nokuqeda. Ngiphinde ngikhononde ngobunzima besoftware ekusetheni nasekukhulumeni ngohlelo lwe-openHAB olushintshayo lwasekhaya.

Engxenyeni yesibili ngizobonisa zonke izithombe zokugcina zefulethi nawo wonke amaphaneli kagesi avelayo, futhi ngiphinde ngikhulume ngobunzima engihlangane nabo kolunye uhlelo lwe-automation yasekhaya - Umsizi Wasekhaya.

Author: UMikhail Shardin.

Imifanekiso: Mikhail Shardin.
Imifanekiso ehlobene noMsizi Wasekhaya: Alexey Krainev xMrVizzy.

5 - February 25, 2020

Abasebenzisi ababhalisiwe kuphela abangabamba iqhaza kuhlolovo. Ngena ngemvume, wamukelekile.

Ingabe uhlala efulethini/endlini ene-automation yasekhaya?

2,0%Okuzenzakalelayo okugcwele34
20,9%Ingxenye ye-automation348
58,3%Akukho okuzenzakalelayo (kodwa okufunwayo)969
2,3%Ngimelene nanoma iyiphi i-automation!38
0,8%Okunye (bhala emazwaneni)14
15,6%Akukho okuzenzakalelayo (futhi bengingafuni)259

Bangu-1662 abasebenzisi abavotile. Abasebenzisi abangu-135 bagobile.

Source: www.habr.com

Okuzenzakalelayo kwekhaya okugcwele esakhiweni esisha