Zingaki izizukulwane ezengeziwe zokuxhumana okungenantambo ezizokwazi ukukhulisa amaza amaza kanye namazinga edatha kuze kube yilapho kungenangqondo ngokomzimba?
Enye yezimpikiswano eziyinhloko zokumaketha kwezokuxhumana kwesizukulwane se-5G yijubane elikhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nanoma yiziphi izizukulwane ezedlule, nokunye okuningi. Ikakhulukazi, lokhu kwenziwa lula ukusetshenziswa kwamagagasi amamilimitha. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukusetshenziswa kwamaza amamilimitha, okungukuthi, amaza aphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nalawo ake asetshenziswa ku-2G, 3G noma 4G, kuphoqe abahlinzeki, ikakhulukazi i-AT&T ne-T-Mobile, ukuthi bacabangele kabusha ukuthunyelwa kwamanethiwekhi e-5G - ngoba aphezulu amafrikhwensi adinga ukuthunyelwa kwama-transmitter amancane amaselula eduze.
Umqondo we-6G, osakheke ngendlela engaqondakali emiqondweni yabacwaningi, ungalandela ezinyathelweni ze-5G, usebenzisa amaza aphakeme kakhulu futhi ukhuphule isivinini sokudlulisa idatha. Ake sizijabulise ngalesi sihloko - sicabange ukuthi lezi zimfanelo ezifanayo zizohlala zibalulekile ezizukulwaneni ezizayo zokuxhumana okungenazintambo, futhi sicabange ukuthi lo mgwaqo uzosiholelaphi? Izobukeka kanjani i-8G? Kuthiwani nge-10G? Kunini lapho ukuveza izizukulwane ezizayo zobuchwepheshe obungenawaya kungasawenzi umqondo ophathekayo?
Ngokwemvelo, iningi lalezi zizukulwane ezingenazintambo ezingenazintambo azinangqondo. Izizukulwane ezizayo zokuxhumana okungenantambo cishe zizophusha isivinini esiphezulu namavolumu edatha, kodwa abacwaningi bazothuthukisa futhi bathuthukise ubuchwepheshe obusha obuthola okwengeziwe kumabhendi afanayo. Ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-MIMO vele businika leli thuba kumanethiwekhi e-5G. Futhi esikhathini esizayo, ubani owaziyo? Mhlawumbe i-spectrum yethu izolawulwa yi-AI, noma eminye imibono izovela.
6G
Sesinemibono eqinile mayelana nokuthi isizukulwane esilandelayo sokuxhumana okungenantambo sizoba njani. Lawa kungaba amagagasi e-terahertz, lapho abacwaningi asebevele bedlulisele idatha ebangeni elingamamitha angama-20. Futhi kungazelelwe ukukhathazeka ngokuhlukanisa iziteshi ze-5G njalo kumamitha ayi-150 akubonakali kuwuhlanya kangako (kodwa kusengumsebenzi obizayo). Uma i-6G iqhubeka nokuqinisa ukufakwa kwama-transmitter amancane, lungiselela ukuvika imibhoshongo yamaseli njalo ngamamitha ayishumi. Kodwa okungenani isivinini sokulanda sizoshesha izikhathi ezingu-1000.
I-6G izovela ngo-2028: 1 Tb/sec, 3 THz frequencies, 7.7 seconds to download the movie “Avengers: Endgame” in 4K resolution.
8G
Masigxumele ezingeni le-8G - lapha sesivele seqe ububanzi bokukhanya obubonakalayo futhi sisebenzisa cishe amaza e-ultraviolet ukuze sidlulisele imibhalo komunye nomunye. Nge-8G kufanele sikhathazeke kakade ngemisebe ye-ionizing. Sekuyisikhathi eside kukhona ukukhathazeka ngokuthi omakhalekhukhwini bangase babangele umdlavuza, kodwa ukuxhumana kwamaselula okujwayelekile kunamandla amancane ngakho-ke akukhiphi imisebe ye-ionizing. Kodwa nge-8G, lokhu kucabanga akusasebenzi - imisebe ye-ultraviolet i-ionizing ngempela, futhi uma siyisakaza kuwo wonke umbhoshongo wamaseli, khona-ke ukuxhumana kweselula kuzodala umdlavuza. Noma mhlawumbe akunjalo—kulawa maza wamaza, amanethiwekhi azokwazi ukuthembela kumishayo egxilile esikhundleni sokumboza izindawo ezinkulu. I-8G ingase iguqule idolobha libe inkundla yokudlala ebulalayo kodwa enembile yethegi ye-laser engabonakali, eneziteshi ezithumela inqwaba yedatha kumadivayisi ethu, okusilahlekele kancane.
I-8G izovela ngo-2048: 17,2 Pb/s, amafrikhwensi 3,65 PHz, 435 ms wokulanda i-movie ethi "Avengers: Endgame" ngokulungiswa okungu-4K.
10G
Ake ungitshele, ingabe akujabulisi ukuphuka ithambo bese uzihudula uye esibhedlela uyohlolwa i-x-ray? Kepha linda, ama-smartphones esizukulwane se-10G azovela maduze (angadideki nawo , esezikhona kakade). I-10G izosebenzisa ama-X-ray aqinile - uhlobo olusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha nasezikhumulweni zezindiza - ukudlulisa idatha. Ngizimisele ukubheja ukuthi okungenani isiqalisi esisodwa sizokhangisa uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula lwama-x-reyi. Lokhu, yiqiniso, kuyinhlanganisela - kodwa phakathi kwama-minuses kuzoba nomdlavuza nokushiswa kwesikhumba, okuzoba kubi kakhulu njengoba isignali ikhuphuka phezulu nangaphezulu ku-spectrum.
I-10G izovela ngo-2068: 314 EB/s, amafrikhwensi 4,44 EHz, 24,5 ns wokulanda i-movie ethi "Avengers: Endgame" ngokulungiswa kwe-4K.
11G
Manje sesivele sisebenzisa imisebe ye-gamma ukulanda ama-podcast nokusakaza amavidiyo. Uma uzibuza ukuthi itholakalaphi enye imisebe ye-gamma, kunemithombo emibili eyinhloko: imisebe ye-cosmic (izinhlayiya ezihamba cishe ngesivinini sokukhanya) ezishayisana nama-molecule emkhathini, kanye nokuhlangana kwe-nuclear. Ngakho-ke, okubi ukuthi ukushayela umuntu kuzodinga ukuqhunyiswa ngamabhomu amafoni womabili ngemisebe efanayo evela lapho kuhlolwa ibhomu le-hydrogen. Kodwa okuphambene nalokhu ukuthi ungalanda yonke idatha eqoqwe impucuko yabantu cishe ngemizuzwana emi-3 - okungukuthi, okungenani lokhu kuzokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba ufe emisebeni.
I-11G izovela ngo-2078: 41,8 Zb/s, imvamisa engu-155 EHz, 184 ps yokudawuniloda i-movie ethi “Avengers: Endgame” ngesinqumo esingu-4K.
15G
I-15G iwumugqa wokugcina. Uma noma ubani ezama ukukudayisela i-smartphone ye-16G, ungabanaki - kuyabheda ngokuphelele. Ku-15G sisebenzisa imisebe ye-gamma yamandla aphezulu kakhulu. Ngokwethiyori, kukhona amaza amandla amafushane naphakeme, kodwa izazi zefiziksi azikakawaboni. Futhi amandla anjalo abonwa ikakhulukazi kuphela kuma-photon aphezulu kakhulu eza kithi evela emkhathini ojulile. Izingcingo zizokwenziwa kusetshenziswa ama-photon, amandla alowo nalowo azolingana namandla e-pellet exoshwa emoyeni. Kuzodingeka uthenge amafoni amasha njalo, njengoba ngisho namafoni avikeleke kakhulu azolimala ngemva kokulandwa ngakunye kolwazi. Njengawe, imisebe ye-gamma inamandla angaphezu kwenele okuhlukanisa ama-molecule e-DNA.
I-15G izovela ngo-2118: 1,31 queccabit/s ( ukuze kunwetshwe uhlelo lwe-SI, isiqalo esibonisa u-1030), imvamisa ye-230 IHz, 500 zs yokulanda ifilimu ethi "Avengers: Endgame" ngesinqumo se-4K (lokhu, ngendlela, kungaphezu kwezikhathi ezingama-290 kuphela "kwemvelo". iyunithi” yesikhathi, engu-1,3 × 10- 21c).
Source: www.habr.com