Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izifunzo zezindaba zigcwele imiyalezo emayelana nohlobo olusha lwamanethiwekhi ekhompyutha asabalalisiwe avela ngaphandle, axazulula (noma kunalokho, ukuzama ukuxazulula) izinkinga eziningi ezihlukahlukene - ukwenza idolobha lihlakaniphe, kusindise umhlaba kulungelo lobunikazi. abephula umthetho noma okuphambene nalokho, ukudlulisa ulwazi noma izinsiza ngasese, ukubalekela -ngaphansi kokulawulwa kombuso endaweni ethile noma kwenye. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi insimu, bonke banezici eziningana ezivamile ngenxa yokuthi uphethiloli wokukhula kwabo kwakuyi-algorithms kanye namasu afika emphakathini ngesikhathi se-boom yakamuva ye-cryptocurrencies kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlobene. Cishe yonke indatshana yesithathu yezinsiza ezikhethekile ngaleso sikhathi yayinegama elithi "blockchain" esihlokweni - ingxoxo yezixazululo zesoftware entsha namamodeli wezomnotho yaba umkhuba ohamba phambili isikhathi eside, ngokumelene nesizinda lapho ezinye izindawo zokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zekhompiyutha ezisabalalisiwe zazikhona. kwehliselwe ngemuva.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ababonisi bemibono kanye nochwepheshe babone ingqikithi eyinhloko yalesi simo: i-computing enkulu esabalalisiwe, ehlotshaniswa nokwakhiwa kwamanethiwekhi avela kwinani elikhulu labahlanganyeli abahlukene nabahlukahlukene, ifinyelele izinga elisha lentuthuko. Kwanele ukulahla izihloko ze-hype ekhanda lakho bese ubheka isihloko ngakolunye uhlangothi: wonke lawa manethiwekhi, aqoqwe kusuka kumachibi amakhulu, ahlanganisa izinkulungwane zabahlanganyeli abahlukene abahlukene, awazange avele ngokwawo. Abashisekeli bokunyakaza kwe-crypto bakwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuvumelanisa idatha nokusatshalaliswa kwezinsiza nemisebenzi ngendlela entsha, okwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuhlanganisa inqwaba yemishini efanayo nokudala i-ecosystem entsha eyenzelwe ukuxazulula inkinga eyodwa egxile kancane.
Yiqiniso, lokhu akuzange kudlule ngamathimba nemiphakathi ehilelekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamakhompiyutha asakazwa mahhala, futhi amaphrojekthi amasha awabanga isikhathi eside ukuza.
Kodwa-ke, naphezu kokwanda okuphawulekayo komthamo wolwazi olutholakalayo mayelana nentuthuko emkhakheni wokwakha amanethiwekhi nokusebenza ngemishini, abadali bezinhlelo ezithembisayo kuzodingeka baxazulule izinkinga ezinkulu.
Eyokuqala kubo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungase kuzwakale kanjani, inkinga yokukhetha isiqondiso.
Isiqondiso singase sibe esilungile, noma singaholela ekugcineni - akukho ukuphunyuka kulokhu; ukunikezwa okuphakathi kwama-clairvoyants emphakathini we-IT kusasele ngemuva kwesikhathi. Kodwa ukhetho kufanele lwenziwe ukuze lingangeni ogibeni oluvamile lweqembu elithatha indawo ebanzi kakhulu futhi lizama ukwakha enye iphrojekthi yekhompuyutha esabalalisiwe engakhethekile kusukela ekuqaleni. Kubonakala sengathi ububanzi bomsebenzi asesabi kangako, ikakhulukazi sidinga nje ukusebenzisa intuthuko ekhona: hlanganisa ama-node abe yinethiwekhi, uguqule ama-algorithms wokunquma ama-topology, ukushintshana kwedatha nokuqapha ukuvumelana kwawo, ukwethula izindlela zokubeka ama-node nokuthola. ukuvumelana, futhi, kunjalo, vele uzenzele olwakho ulimi lwemibuzo kanye nalo lonke ulimi nendawo yekhompyutha. Umqondo womshini wendawo yonke uyalinga kakhulu futhi uhlala uvela endaweni eyodwa noma kwenye, kodwa umphumela usengenye yezinto ezintathu: isisombululo esidaliwe siphenduka i-prototype elinganiselwe enenqwaba ye-"ToDos" emisiwe. β ku-backlog, noma iba inunu engasebenziseki elungele ukudonsa noma ubani othinta i-fetid βTuring swampβ, noma avele afe ngokuphepha ngenxa yokuthi idada, inkalankala kanye ne-pike, ebezidonsa iphrojekthi ngendlela engaqondakali, bamane baziqinise ngokweqile.
Masingaphindi amaphutha ayisiphukuphuku bese sikhetha isiqondiso esinobubanzi obucacile bemisebenzi futhi esifanelana kahle nemodeli yekhompyutha esabalalisiwe. Ungabaqonda abantu abazama ukwenza yonke into ngesikhathi esisodwa - vele, kunokuningi ongakhetha kukho. Futhi izinto eziningi zibukeka zithakazelisa ngokwedlulele kokubili ngokombono we-R&D nentuthuko, futhi ngokombono wezomnotho. Ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi esabalalisiwe ungakwazi:
- Qeqesha amanethiwekhi e-neural
- Icubungula imifudlana yesignali
- Bala amaprotheni isakhiwo
- Nikeza izigcawu ze-XNUMXD
- Lingisa i-hydrodynamics
- Hlola amasu okuhweba ngokuhwebelana ngamasheya
Ukuze singathatheki ngokuhlanganisa uhlu lwezinto ezithakazelisayo ezihambisana kahle, sizokhetha ukuhumusha okusabalalisiwe njengesihloko sethu esiqhubekayo.
Ukunikezwa okusatshalalisiwe ngokwakho, vele, akukho okusha. Amathuluzi akhona anikezelayo kudala asekela ukusatshalaliswa komthwalo emishinini ehlukene; ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukuphila ekhulwini lamashumi amabili nanye kungaba lusizi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, akufanele ucabange ukuthi isihloko sihlanganiswe kude nakude, futhi akukho lutho olungenziwa lapho - sizocubungula inkinga yokucindezela ehlukile: ukudala ithuluzi lokudala inethiwekhi yokunikezela.
Inethiwekhi yethu yokunikezela iyinhlanganisela yamanodi adinga ukwenza imisebenzi yokunikezela ngamanodi anezinsiza zekhompyutha zamahhala ukuze kucutshungulwe ukunikezwa. Abanikazi bezinsiza bazoxhuma iziteshi zabo kunethiwekhi yokunikezela ukuze bathole futhi benze imisebenzi besebenzisa enye yezinjini ezisekelwa yinethiwekhi. Kulesi simo, abahlinzeki bemisebenzi bazosebenza nenethiwekhi njengokungathi ifu, izinsiza zokusabalalisa ngokuzimela, ukuqapha ukufaneleka kokubulawa, ukuphatha izingozi nezinye izinkinga.
Ngakho-ke, sizocabangela ukudala uhlaka okufanele lusekele ukuhlanganiswa nesethi yezinjini ezinikezelayo ezidumile futhi luqukethe izingxenye ezihlinzeka ngamathuluzi okuhlela inethiwekhi yamanodi ahlukahlukene kanye nokuphatha ukuhamba kwemisebenzi.
Imodeli yezomnotho yokuba khona kwenethiwekhi enjalo ayibalulekile kakhulu, ngakho-ke sizothatha njengesikimu sokuqala uhlelo olufana nalolo olusetshenziswa ekubaleni kumanethiwekhi we-cryptocurrency - abathengi bomthombo bazothumela amathokheni kubahlinzeki abenza umsebenzi wokunikeza. Kuthakazelisa kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izakhiwo okufanele uhlaka lube nazo, lapho sizocubungula khona isimo esiyinhloko sokusebenzelana phakathi kwabahlanganyeli benethiwekhi.
Kunezinhlangothi ezintathu zokusebenzisana kunethiwekhi: umhlinzeki wensiza, umhlinzeki womsebenzi kanye no-opharetha wenethiwekhi (isikhungo sokulawula esibizwa ngokuthi, inethiwekhi, njll. embhalweni).
U-opharetha wenethiwekhi uhlinzeka umhlinzeki wensiza ngohlelo lokusebenza lweklayenti noma isithombe sesistimu yokusebenza ngesethi esetshenzisiwe yesofthiwe, azoyifaka emshinini ofuna ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakusebenza zayo, kanye ne-akhawunti yomuntu siqu efinyeleleka ngohlelo lwewebhu, olumvumela ukuthi setha amapharamitha wokufinyelela kusisetshenziswa futhi ulawule ukude ukwakheka kweseva yakhe: lawula imingcele yezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, yenza ukumisa okukude, qalisa kabusha.
Uma i-node entsha ixhunyiwe, isistimu yokuphatha inethiwekhi ihlaziya izinto zokusebenza kanye nemingcele yokufinyelela ecacisiwe, iklelise, inikeze isilinganiso esithile, futhi isibeke kurejista yezinsiza. Ngokuzayo, ukuze kulawulwe ubungozi, imingcele yomsebenzi we-node izohlaziywa, futhi isilinganiso se-node sizolungiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kwenethiwekhi. Akekho ozojabula uma isigcawu sakhe sithunyelwa ukuze sinikeze amakhadi anamandla avame ukuba yiqhwa ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile?
Umsebenzisi odinga ukuveza isigcawu angahamba ngezindlela ezimbili: ukulayisha isigameko endaweni yenethiwekhi esebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu, noma asebenzise i-plugin ukuze axhume iphakheji yakhe yokumodela noma isinikezeli esifakiwe kunethiwekhi. Kulokhu, inkontileka ehlakaniphile iqaliswa phakathi komsebenzisi nenethiwekhi, umbandela ojwayelekile wokuqedwa okuwukukhiqizwa komphumela wokubala kwesigameko yinethiwekhi. Umsebenzisi angakwazi ukuqapha inqubo yokuqeda umsebenzi futhi aphathe imingcele yawo ngokusebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu se-akhawunti yakhe yomuntu siqu.
Umsebenzi uthunyelwa kuseva, lapho umthamo wendawo yesehlakalo kanye nenani lezinsiza ezicelwe umqalisi womsebenzi kuyahlaziywa, ngemva kwalokho isamba esiphelele sichithwa sibe izingxenye ezilungiselwe ukubala inombolo kanye nohlobo lwezinsiza ezinikezwe inethiwekhi. . Umbono ojwayelekile ukuthi ukubona ngeso lengqondo kungahlukaniswa kube imisebenzi eminingi emincane. Izinjini zisebenzisa leli thuba ngokusabalalisa le misebenzi phakathi kwabahlinzeki bezinsiza eziningi. Indlela elula ukwenza izingxenye ezincane zesigcawu ezibizwa ngamasegmenti. Lapho ingxenye ngayinye isilungile, umsebenzi wendawo ubhekwa njengoqediwe, futhi insiza iqhubekela komunye umsebenzi osasele.
Ngakho-ke, akwenzi mehluko onjalo kumnikezeli ukuthi izibalo zenziwa emshinini owodwa noma kugridi yeziteshi eziningi zekhompyutha ngazinye. Ukunikezwa okusatshalaliswayo kumane kwengeze ama-cores amaningi eqoqweni lezinsiza ezisetshenziselwa umsebenzi. Ngenethiwekhi, ithola yonke idatha edingekayo ukuze inikeze isegimenti, iyihlanganise, ibuyisele leyo ngxenye, bese idlulela kumsebenzi olandelayo. Ngaphambi kokufaka i-pool yenethiwekhi evamile, ingxenye ngayinye ithola isethi yolwazi oluvumela ama-node asebenzayo ukubakhethela imisebenzi yekhompyutha efanele kakhulu.
Izinkinga zokuhlukaniswa nokusabalalisa izibalo kumele zixazululwe hhayi nje kuphela ngombono wokwenza kahle isikhathi sokwenza, kodwa futhi kusukela ekubukeni kokusetshenziswa kahle kwezinsiza kanye nokonga amandla, ngoba ukusebenza kahle kwezomnotho kwenethiwekhi kuncike kulokhu. . Uma isisombululo singaphumeleli, kungaba kuhle kakhulu ukufaka umvukuzi ku-node noma uyicime ukuze ingenzi umsindo futhi ingachithi ugesi.
Nokho, ake sibuyele enqubeni. Lapho umsebenzi wamukelwe, inkontileka ehlakaniphile nayo yenziwa phakathi kwe-pool ne-node, eyenziwa lapho umphumela womsebenzi ubalwa ngendlela efanele. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokugcwalisa inkontileka, i-node ingathola umklomelo ngendlela eyodwa noma enye.
Isikhungo sokulawula silawula inqubo yokwenziwa komsebenzi, ukuqoqa imiphumela yokubala, ukuthumela okungalungile ukuze kucutshungulwe kabusha futhi kuhlelwe umugqa, ukuqapha umnqamulajuqu ojwayelekile wokuqeda umsebenzi (ukuze kungenzeki ukuthi ingxenye yokugcina ingathathwa noma iyiphi i-node).
Imiphumela yezibalo idlula esigabeni sokuhlanganisa, ngemva kwalokho umsebenzisi athole imiphumela yokunikezela, futhi inethiwekhi ingathola umklomelo.
Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kokusebenza kohlaka lokwakheka kwezwe oluklanyelwe ukwakha amasistimu okunikezwayo asabalalisiwe kuyavela:
- Ama-akhawunti omsebenzisi womuntu siqu anokufinyelela kuwebhu
- Ikhithi yesoftware yokufakwa kumanodi
- Ngesistimu yokulawula:
- Isistimu engaphansi yokulawula ukufinyelela
- Inikeza isistimu engaphansi yokuwohloka komsebenzi
- Isistimu engaphansi yokusabalalisa umsebenzi
- Ukuhlanganisa isistimu engaphansi
- I-landscape yeseva nohlelo oluncane lwe-topology yenethiwekhi
- Uhlelo olungaphansi lokungena nokuhlola
- Isistimu engaphansi yochwepheshe bokufunda
- I-Rest API noma esinye isixhumi esibonakalayo sonjiniyela bangaphandle
UCABANGANI? Isihloko siphakamisa miphi imibuzo futhi yiziphi izimpendulo onentshisekelo kuzo?
Source: www.habr.com