Ukuvela kwe-cryptocurrencies kudonsele ukunaka esigabeni esibanzi sezinhlelo lapho izithakazelo zezomnotho zabahlanganyeli ziqondana ngendlela yokuthi, benzela inzuzo yabo, baqinisekise ukusebenza okusimeme kohlelo lonke. Lapho ucwaninga futhi uklama izinhlelo ezinjalo ezizimele, okuthiwa - Izakhiwo zomhlaba wonke ezidala amathuba okuxhumana nokusabalalisa imali ukuze kuzuzwe umgomo ofanayo ngokusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezihlukahlukene zomnotho kanye ne-cryptographic.
Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu nge-crowdfunding ukuthi abangaba abaxhasa ngezimali amaphrojekthi nezinhlangano bavame ukuba nesisusa esincane sokuwaxhasa. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kumaphrojekthi abalulekile emphakathini, izinzuzo zawo ezitholwa abaningi, kuyilapho umthwalo wokuxhaswa ngezimali uwela enanini elincane labaxhasi. Amaphrojekthi wesikhathi eside nawo avame ukuhlupheka ngokushabalala kancane kancane kwentshisekelo evela kubaxhasi futhi bayaphoqeleka ukuthi batshale imizamo njalo ekukhangiseni. Ubunzima obunjalo bungaholela ekuvalweni kwephrojekthi, naphezu kokufaneleka kwayo, futhi ngokuhlangene kubizwa nangokuthi. .
Ubuchwepheshe bemali obuhlelekayo buvule ithuba lokusebenzisa izindlela ezintsha zokuxhasa ngezimali ezisiza ukuxazulula inkinga yomgibeli wamahhala. Ukuba khona kwama-cryptoeconomic primitives kusiza lo msebenzi, okuvumela ukudalwa kwezinhlelo zokuxhumanisa ababambiqhaza abanezakhiwo ezaziwayo ngaphambilini. Enye yalezi zinhlayiya, engasetshenziswa kokubili ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhaswa ngezimali okuqhubekayo kwamaphrojekthi abalulekile emphakathini kanye nokuphathwa okunengqondo kwezinsiza ezabiwe, ijika elibopha amathokheni () . Lo mshini usekelwe embonweni , intengo encike ngokwe-algorithmically enanini eliphelele lamathokheni asakazwayo futhi ichazwa ngesibalo sejika elikhuphukayo:
Lo mshini usetshenziswa ngendlela , ekhipha ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ibhubhise amathokheni:
- Ithokheni ingakhishwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngokuyithenga ngenkontileka ehlakaniphile. Lapho kukhishwa amathokheni amaningi, intengo ephezulu yokukhipha amathokheni amasha.
- Imali ekhokhelwe ukukhishwa kwamathokheni igcinwa endaweni egciniwe evamile.
- Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesikhathi, ithokheni ingathengiswa ngenkontileka ehlakaniphile ngokushintshanisa imali evela endaweni yokugcina imali. Kulesi simo, ithokheni ihoxiswa ekujikelezeni (ibhujiswe) futhi intengo yayo iyancipha.
Indlela eyisisekelo ingashintshwa noma inwetshwe kuye ngohlelo lokusebenza. Esimweni esikhethekile somkhankaso wokuqoqa imali, umnikazi wenkontileka yiqembu lephrojekthi, futhi ingxenye ethile yamathokheni avela ekuthengeni noma ekuthengisweni ngakunye idluliselwa kuyo (isibonelo, i-20%). Abanikazi bamathokheni baba ngabaxhasi bephrojekthi, hhayi kuphela ngokudlulisela izimali esikhwameni sokusekela iphrojekthi, kodwa futhi ngokwandisa intengo yamathokheni ngokuthenga ngakunye. Ithimba lephrojekthi ngokulandelayo lithengisa amathokheni atholiwe futhi lisebenzisa inzuzo ukufeza izinhloso zomkhankaso.
Umshini uklanywe ngendlela yokuthi abaxhasi bokuqala bathole amathokheni ngentengo ephansi futhi kamuva bangakwazi ukuwathengisa ngentengo ephakeme, kodwa kuphela uma umthamo wamathokheni ekujikelezeni ukhuphuka. Ithuba lokuthola imali likhuthaza abasekeli bokuqala ukuthi badonse ukunaka okwengeziwe kuphrojekthi, ngaleyo ndlela bakhulise inani eliphelele leminikelo nokwenza kube lula kubasunguli bayo ukukhuthaza iphrojekthi. Lapho abasekeli bokuqala bethengisa isabelo sabo samathokheni, inani labo liyancipha futhi lokhu kukhuthaza abahlanganyeli abasha ukuthi bajoyine umkhankaso. Lo mjikelezo omuhle ungaphindaphinda kaningi, uqinisekisa ukuxhaswa okuqhubekayo kwephrojekthi. Uma ithimba lephrojekthi liqala ukubonisa imiphumela engagculisi, khona-ke abanikazi bamathokheni bazofuna ukuthengisa amathokheni abo, ngenxa yalokho inani labo lizowa futhi uxhaso luzophela.
Uma kucatshangelwa amaphrojekthi amaningi ahlukene akhulisa imali ngokohlelo oluchazwe ngenhla, abangaba abaxhasi bazozama ukuthola amanye athembisayo futhi batshale imali kuwo kusenesikhathi. Ngokombono wokutshala imali, amaphrojekthi athembisa kakhulu azoba amaphrojekthi adumile futhi abalulekile emphakathini, ngoba azoheha abaxhasi abaningi esikhathini esizayo futhi ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwentengo yethokheni kungalindelwa kubo. Ngale ndlela, ukulungiswa kwezithakazelo zezomnotho zabahlanganyeli ngabanye ohlelweni ngokuphathelene nezinhloso ezifanayo kufinyelelwa.
Ukuqaliswa
Inkontileka ehlakaniphile esebenzisa ijika lesibopho kufanele inikeze izindlela zokuthenga (ukukhipha) nokuthengisa (ukucekela phansi) amathokheni. Imininingwane yokusetshenziswa ingahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlelo nezici ezifiswayo. Ingxoxo yokubukeka okuvamile kwesixhumi esibonakalayo ingatholakala lapha: .
Lapho ukhipha futhi ucekela phansi amathokheni, inkontileka ehlakaniphile yenza izibalo zentengo yokuthenga nokudayiswa ngokuya ngejika elibophezelayo. Ijika lisethwa umsebenzi onquma inani lethokheni ngenani eliphelele lamathokheni asakazwayo . Umsebenzi ungathatha amafomu ahlukene, isibonelo:
Cabangela umsebenzi wamandla:
Inani eliyimali ebekiwe okudingekayo ukuthenga amathokheni ngobuningi , ingabalwa njengendawo yendawo engaphansi kwejika enomkhawulo ngenombolo yamanje yamathokheni ajikelezayo kanye nenani lesikhathi esizayo:
Ukwandisa lezi zibalo, kulula ukusebenzisa umthamo wamanje wendawo yokulondoloza, olingana nendawo yendawo engaphansi kwejika ekhawulelwe ukuqala kwayo kanye nenombolo yamanje yamathokheni:
Kusuka lapha ungakwazi ukuthola inani lamathokheni umxhasi azowathola ngokuthumela inani elaziwayo ngemali ebekiwe:
Inani eliyimali ebekiwe elibuyiselwe lapho selithengisiwe amathokheni, ibalwa ngokufanayo:
Ukuqaliswa kwesibonelo ngolimi ingabukwa lapha:
Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo
Uma i-cryptocurrency eguquguqukayo isetshenziselwa ukuthenga amathokheni, khona-ke imali egcinwe endaweni egciniwe izoba ngaphansi kokuguquguquka kwesilinganiso sokushintshana, okungase kuthinte kabi ukusebenza komshini (abaxhasi ngeke bafune ukutshala imali isikhathi eside ngenxa yokwesaba. yokwehla kwezinga lokushintshisana). Ukuze ugweme izingozi ezinjalo, ungasebenzisa i-cryptocurrency ezinzile (isibonelo, ) njengemali ebekiwe.
Ithokheni liwukubonakaliswa kwenani elithile elivamile kubanikazi balo, ngakho-ke lingasetshenziswa hhayi nje njengengxenye yendlela yokuxhasa ngezimali, kodwa nangezinjongo ezihlobene.
Isibonelo, amathokheni angasetshenziswa ukuphatha iphrojekthi ngokusebenzisa (I-DAO). Ukusatshalaliswa kwezimali eziqoqwe yiphrojekthi kungenziwa ngokuvotela izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene ezibekwe abasunguli bephrojekthi noma abaxhasi ngokwabo. Uma iphrojekthi ingenalo ithimba elisebenzayo elihlala njalo, khona-ke ngendlela efanayo abangakwazi ngayo ukuqaliswa kwemisebenzi ngayinye abadlali besikhashana abazoqhudelana ngayo. Ukuthumela inkontileka ehlakaniphile yenhlangano ezimele esekelwe ku-blockchain yomphakathi kuzoqinisekisa ukucaca kwenqubo yokuthatha izinqumo nokuvuleka kwakho konke ukuthengiselana.
Ikhono lokusebenzisa ithokheni ukubamba iqhaza ekuphathweni kwephrojekthi noma inhlangano, kuhambisana nesithunzi esihle, inikeza inani langempela kuthokheni. Ngobunzima izindlela ezengeziwe zingase zibandakanyeke. Isibonelo, inkontileka ehlakaniphile ingamisa amathokheni (ukuvimbela ukuthengiswa kwawo) isikhathi esithile ngemva kokuthenga.
Isistimu lapho ithokheni lingenalo inani lemvelo lizoba lula ekuphathweni kabi futhi lingase libe .
isiphetho
Ijika lokuhlanganisa amathokheni lingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezihlukene, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwale nqubo ekuqoqeni imali kubukeka kuthakazelisa ngokukhethekile, ngoba umqondo oyisisekelo - ukusekela iphrojekthi ngokuthumela imali - awushintshi, kodwa uhambisana namathuba amasha okubamba iqhaza, ukugcina iphrojekthi ngokuthumela imali. umgoqo wokungena ophansi wabasebenzisi.
Amaphrojekthi aqoqa iminikelo ka-Etere ekhelini lezitini nodaka namuhla angasebenzisa inkontileka ehlakaniphile esebenzisa ijika lokubopha amathokheni futhi athole izinkokhelo ngayo. Abaxhasi bayoba nethuba lokusekela iphrojekthi noma ngokuthengiselana okuvamile (ukudluliselwa okuqondile kwemali) noma ngokuthenga amathokheni, futhi esimweni sesibili bazozuza ekuthandeni okukhulayo kwephrojekthi.
Nokho, ukusebenza kahle kwalo mshini we-cryptoeconomic kusazohlolwa. Okwamanje, azikho izibonelo eziningi zokusetshenziswa kwangempela kwamajika abophayo ezinhlelweni ezimisiwe (enye yamaphrojekthi adume kakhulu ), kanye nokwakhiwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinkundla zokuqoqa izimali zabantu abaningi kusetshenziswa le ndlela kusaqhubeka:
- - inkundla yezinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi. Muva nje ukuthuthukiswa kwemodeli yezimali eqhubekayo esekelwe kumajika abophezelayo.
- β inkundla yokukhipha βamathokheni omuntu siquβ aqondiswe kubadali bokuqukethwe.
- / isicelo sokuqongelela imali esenzelwe izinhlangano ezizimele .
- - iphrothokholi yokuxhumanisa imiphakathi esebenzisa amathokheni, ephinde ihlinzekele ukwakhiwa kwezicelo ze-crowdfunding.
Amanothi
[1] Akukho ukuhunyushwa okumisiwe kwegama elithi βbonding curveβ ezincwadini zolimi lwesiRashiya. Umshini ungabuye ubizwe ngokuthi "". Lokhu kusho ukuthi ababambiqhaza bafaka imali kunkontileka ehlakaniphile njengesibambiso, futhi ngokubuyisela bathole amathokheni.
Source: www.habr.com