Ngeshwa, leli gama alinayo i-analogue enhle yolimi lwesiRashiya. I-Wikipedia iyanikeza "i-multi-tenancy, ukuqasha okuningi." Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi "ubunikazi obuningi." Lawa magama angaba yindida ngandlela thize, njengoba isihloko asihlobene ngokwemvelo nokuqasha noma ubunikazi. Lona umbuzo wokwakhiwa kwesoftware kanye nenhlangano yokusebenza kwayo. Futhi lokhu kwakamuva akubalulekile kangako.
Saqala ukwenza ukuqonda kwethu kwe-multitenancy ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba siqala ukuklama indlela yemodeli yefu (yesevisi) yomsebenzi ku-1C:Enterprise. Lokhu kwenzeka eminyakeni eminingana edlule. Futhi kusukela lapho ukuqonda kwethu kuye kwakhula njalo. Sihlala sithola izici ezintsha ezengeziwe zalesi sihloko (okuhle, okubi, ubunzima, izici, njll.).
Kwesinye isikhathi onjiniyela baqonda i-multitenancy njengesihloko esilula kakhulu: "ukuze idatha yezinhlangano ezimbalwa igcinwe kusizindalwazi esisodwa, udinga ukwengeza ikholomu enesikhombi senhlangano kuwo wonke amathebula bese usetha okokuhlunga kuwo." Nathi, vele, siqale ukufunda kwethu lolu daba kusukela kulo mzuzu. Kodwa basheshe baqaphela ukuthi lokhu kwakuwukuhlanza okukodwa kuphela (futhi, ngendlela, akulula). Ngokuvamile, leli "izwe lonke".
Umqondo oyisisekelo we-multitenancy ungachazwa into efana nale. Isicelo esijwayelekile yindlu encane eklanyelwe ukuhlalisa umndeni owodwa, esebenzisa ingqalasizinda yayo (izindonga, uphahla, amanzi, ukushisa, njll.). Isicelo se-multitenancy yisakhiwo sokuhlala. Kulo, umndeni ngamunye usebenzisa ingqalasizinda efanayo, kodwa ingqalasizinda ngokwayo isetshenziselwa yonke indlu.
Ingabe indlela ye-multitenancy yinhle noma yimbi? Ungathola imibono ehluke kakhulu kulokhu. Kubonakala sengathi akukho “okuhle noma okubi” nhlobo. Udinga ukuqhathanisa okuhle nokubi kumongo wemisebenzi ethile exazululwayo. Kodwa lesi isihloko esihlukile...
Ngomqondo wayo olula, inhloso ye-multitenancy ukunciphisa izindleko zokugcina uhlelo lokusebenza "ngokuxhumana" nezindleko zengqalasizinda. Lokhu ukunyakaza okufanayo nokunciphisa izindleko zohlelo lokusebenza ngokusebenzisa isixazululo sokukhiqiza (mhlawumbe ngokwenza ngokwezifiso nokuguqulwa), kunokuba usibhale "uku-oda." Esimeni esisodwa kuphela lapho intuthuko ihlanganiswa khona, kanti kwesinye - ukuxhashazwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, siyaphinda, asikho isixhumanisi esiqondile endleleni yokuthengisa. I-Multitenancy architecture ingasetshenziswa futhi kwingqalasizinda ye-IT yebhizinisi noma yomnyango ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo inani elikhulu lamagatsha afanayo namabhizinisi okubambile.
Singasho ukuthi i-multitenancy akuyona nje indaba yokuhlela ukugcinwa kwedatha. Lena imodeli yokuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lusebenza kanjani lulonke (okubandakanya ingxenye ebalulekile yezakhiwo zalo, imodeli yalo yokusatshalaliswa, kanye nenhlangano yalo yokulungisa).
Into enzima kakhulu futhi ethakazelisa kakhulu ngemodeli ye-multitenancy, kubonakala kithi, ukuthi ingqikithi yohlelo lokusebenza "i-bifurcates." Ingxenye yokusebenza isebenza nezindawo ezithile zedatha (amafulethi) futhi "ayinantshisekelo" eqinisweni lokuthi kukhona abahlali kwamanye amafulethi. Futhi abanye babona indlu iyonke futhi basebenzela bonke abahlali ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lezi zokugcina azikwazi ukungazinaki iqiniso lokuthi lezi ziyizindlu ezihlukene, futhi kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa izinga elidingekayo le-granularity nokuphepha.
Ku-1C:Ibhizinisi, imodeli ye-multitenancy isetshenziswa ezingeni lobuchwepheshe obuningi. Lezi izindlela ze-1C:Inkundla yebhizinisi, izindlela ze"Futhi"", izindlela (imitapo yolwazi yezinhlelo ezingaphansi ezijwayelekile).
Ngayinye yalezi zinto ineqhaza ekwakhiweni kwengqalasizinda yonke yesakhiwo esinamafulethi. Kungani lokhu kusetshenziswa kubuchwepheshe obuningi, futhi hhayi kokukodwa, ngokwesibonelo, endaweni yesikhulumi? Okokuqala nje, ngoba ezinye zezindlela, ngokubona kwethu, zifaneleka kakhulu ukuguqula inketho ethile yokuthunyelwa. Kodwa ngokuvamile, lo mbuzo onzima, futhi sihlala sibhekene nokukhetha - kuliphi izinga kungcono ukufeza lokhu noma leso sici se-multitenancy.
Ngokusobala, ingxenye eyisisekelo yezinqubo ezidingekayo ukuze zisetshenziswe endaweni yesikhulumi. Hhayi-ke, isibonelo, ukuhlukaniswa kwedatha kwangempela. Yilapho abantu ngokuvamile beqala khona ukukhuluma nge-multitenancy. Kodwa ekugcineni, imodeli ye-multitenancy "yahamba" ngengxenye ebalulekile yezinqubo zeplathifomu futhi idinga ukucwengwa kwazo, futhi kwezinye izimo, icabange kabusha.
Ezingeni leplathifomu, sisebenzise ngqo izindlela eziyisisekelo. Zikuvumela ukuthi udale izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza ngemodeli ye-multitenancy. Kodwa ukuze izicelo "ziphile futhi zisebenze" kumodeli onjalo, udinga ukuba nesistimu yokulawula "imisebenzi yabo yokuphila". I-1cUbuchwepheshe obusha kanye nongqimba oluhlanganisiwe lwengqondo yebhizinisi ezingeni le-BSP yibo abanesibopho salokhu. Njengoba nje esakhiweni sefulethi ingqalasizinda ihlinzeka izakhamuzi ngakho konke ezikudingayo, kanjalo nobuchwepheshe be-1cFresh buhlinzeka ngakho konke obukudingayo ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza ngemodeli ye-multitenancy. Futhi ukuze izinhlelo zokusebenza zihlanganyele nale ngqalasizinda (ngaphandle kokuguqulwa okuphawulekayo), "izixhumi" ezihambisanayo zifakwa kuzo ngendlela ye-BSP subsystems.
Ngokombono wezinqubo zeplathifomu, kulula ukuqaphela ukuthi njengoba sizuza ulwazi futhi sithuthukisa isimo sokusebenzisa ifu "1C:Enterprise," sinweba ukwakheka kwezinqubo ezihilelekile kulokhu kwakhiwa. Ake sinikeze isibonelo esisodwa. Kumodeli ye-multitenancy, izindima zabahlanganyeli benkonzo yesicelo zishintsha kakhulu. Indima (izinga lesibopho) yalabo abanomthwalo wemfanelo wokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ikhula kakhulu. Kwadingeka ukuthi babe namathuluzi okulawula izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamandla kakhudlwana. Ngoba abasebenzisi bohlelo lokusebenza (izakhamuzi) bathemba kuqala umhlinzeki abasebenza naye. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sisebenzise entsha . Le nqubo ivumela abaphathi abahlinzeki ukuthi bakhawulele inkululeko yonjiniyela bezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingeni elidingekayo lokuphepha - empeleni, ukuhlukanisa ukusebenza kwesicelo kumqashi ngamunye ngaphakathi kwebhokisi lesihlabathi elithile.
Okuthakazelisa kancane ukwakheka kokuphatha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza kumodi ye-multitenancy (lokho okusetshenziswa kubuchwepheshe be-1cFresh kanye ne-BSP). Lapha, uma kuqhathaniswa nemodeli evamile yokuthunyelwa, izidingo zokuzenzakalela kwezinqubo zokuphatha zanda kakhulu. Kunenqwaba yezinqubo ezinjalo: ukudala izindawo ezintsha zedatha ("amafulethi"), ukuvuselela izinhlelo zokusebenza, ukuvuselela ulwazi lokulawula, izipele, njll. Futhi, kunjalo, izidingo zezinga lokuthembeka nokutholakala ziyanda. Isibonelo, ukuze siqinisekise ukusebenzisana okuthembekile phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza nezingxenye zesistimu yokulawula, sisebenzise ubuchwepheshe besistimu yezingcingo evumelanayo nokulethwa okuqinisekisiwe.
Iphuzu elicashile kakhulu indlela yokuxhumana nedatha nezinqubo. Kubonakala kulula (uma kubonakala kumuntu) kuphela ekuboneni kokuqala. Inselele enkulu ibhalansi phakathi kokufakwa endaweni eyodwa kwedatha nezinqubo kanye nokwabiwa kwezindawo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-centralization ikuvumela ukuthi unciphise izindleko (isikhala sediski, izinsiza zokucubungula, imizamo yomlawuli ...). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhawulela inkululeko “yabaqashi”. Lesi ngesinye sezikhathi “sokuhlukaniswa kabili” kohlelo lokusebenza, lapho unjiniyela edinga ukucabanga ngesikhathi esisodwa mayelana nohlelo ngomqondo omncane (ukukhonza “ifulethi” elilodwa) nangomqondo obanzi (ukusebenzela bonke “abaqashi” ngesikhathi esisodwa) .
Njengesibonelo “senkingeni” enjalo, umuntu angacaphuna ukwaziswa kokulawula nokubhekisela. Yiqiniso, kunesilingo esikhulu sokwenza kube yinto evamile kubo bonke "abaqashi" bendlu. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uyigcine kukhophi eyodwa futhi uyibuyekezele wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kodwa kwenzeka ukuthi ezinye izakhamuzi zidinga izinguquko ezithile. Okuxakayo ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka, ngisho nangolwazi olushiwo ngabalawuli (imigwamanda kahulumeni). Lokhu kuphenduka umbuzo onzima: ukuhlangana nabantu noma ukungazihlanganisi? Kuyalinga, yebo, ukwenza ulwazi lube okuvamile kuwo wonke umuntu futhi lube yimfihlo kulabo abalufunayo. Futhi lokhu kakade kuholela ekusetshenzisweni okunzima kakhulu. Kodwa sisebenzela kulokhu...
Esinye isibonelo ukuklama kokuqaliswa kwezinqubo ezijwayelekile (okwenziwa ngeshejuli, eziqaliswe uhlelo lokulawula, njll.). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zingasetshenziswa endaweni ngayinye yedatha ngokuhlukile. Kulula futhi kuwusizo kakhudlwana. Kodwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubumbudumbudu obunjalo obuhle budala umthwalo omkhulu ohlelweni. Ukuze unciphise umthwalo, udinga ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuhlalisana. Kodwa zidinga ukutadisha ngokucophelela.
Yebo, lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Abathuthukisi bohlelo lokusebenza bangaqinisekisa kanjani i-multitenancy? Yini okudingeka bayenze kulokhu? Yebo, silwela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umthwalo wezindaba zobuchwepheshe kanye nengqalasizinda uwela ngangokunokwenzeka emahlombe obuchwepheshe obunikeziwe, futhi umthuthukisi wohlelo lokusebenza ucabanga kuphela ngokwemisebenzi yengqondo yebhizinisi. Kodwa njengezinye izindaba ezibalulekile zezakhiwo, abathuthukisi bohlelo lokusebenza badinga ukuqonda okuthile ekusebenzeni kumodeli ye-multitenancy futhi kuzodingeka umzamo othile lapho kwakhiwa izinhlelo zokusebenza. Kungani? Ngoba kukhona amaphuzu ubuchwepheshe obungeke bukwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphandle kokucabangela i-semantics yedatha. Isibonelo, incazelo efanayo yemingcele yokuxhumana kolwazi. Kodwa siyazama ukugcina lobu bunzima buncane. Sezivele zikhona izibonelo zokusetshenziswa kwezicelo ezinjalo.
Iphuzu elibalulekile kumongo wokusebenzisa i-multitenancy ku-1C:Enterprise ukuthi sidala imodeli eyingxube lapho uhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa lungasebenza kuyo yomibili imodi ye-multitenancy kanye nemodi evamile. Lona umsebenzi onzima kakhulu futhi isihloko sengxoxo ehlukene.
Source: www.habr.com