Bahleli bohlelo, hambani ezingxoxweni

Isithombe sithathwe kuvidiyo esiteshini "Ama-Amethyst Amasosha»

Cishe iminyaka eyi-10 ngisebenza njengomhleli wesistimu ye-Linux. Lawa amamojula we-kernel (isikhala se-kernel), ama-daemoni ahlukahlukene nokusebenza ngehadiwe kusuka endaweni yomsebenzisi (isikhala somsebenzisi), ama-bootloader ahlukahlukene (u-boot, njll.), i-firmware yesilawuli, nokunye okuningi. Ngisho ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ukusika i-web-interface. Kodwa kaningi kwenzeka ukuthi kufanele ngihlale nensimbi yokunamathisela futhi ngihlanganyele nabaklami be-PCB. Enye yezinkinga zomsebenzi onjalo ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukuhlola izinga lamakhono akho, ngoba ungakwazi ukwazi umsebenzi owodwa ngokujulile, futhi ngokulandelayo ungase ungazi nhlobo. Okuwukuphela kwendlela eyanele yokuqonda ukuthi kufanele uye kuphi nokuthi imiphi imisinga manje ukuya ezingxoxweni.

Kulesi sihloko ngifuna ukufingqa isipiliyoni sami sokuya ezingxoxweni zesikhala somhleli wesistimu ye-linux, izici zenhlolokhono, umsebenzi kanye nendlela yokuhlola izinga lolwazi lomuntu siqu ekuxhumaneni nomqashi wesikhathi esizayo nokuthi yini okungafanele ilindelwe. kusuka kulokhu.

Kuzoba nomncintiswano omncane onemiklomelo esihlokweni.

Izici zomsebenzi

Umhleli wesistimu, emininingwaneni engisebenze kuyo, uyindawo yonke ephelele: Bekufanele ngibhale ikhodi kanye nehardware yokulungisa iphutha. Futhi ngokuvamile kwakunesidingo sokuthengisa okuthile bebodwa. Ngezikhathi ezithile, kwenzeka ukuthi izinguquko zami zehadiwe bese zidluliselwa kubathuthukisi. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kule ndawo, isisekelo solwazi esihle siyadingeka, kokubili emkhakheni wokujikeleza kwedijithali nasemkhakheni wohlelo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngokuvamile izingxoxo zomhleli wesistimu zibukeka sengathi ufuna uchwepheshe wezogesi.

Indawo yokusebenza ejwayelekile yomklami wesistimu.

Esithombeni esingenhla - indawo yami evamile yokusebenza ngesikhathi sokulungisa amaphutha abashayeli. I-analyzer ye-logic ibonisa ukunemba kwemilayezo edlulisiwe, i-oscilloscope ilawula ukuma kwezingxenye zesignali. Futhi, i-jtag debugger, esetshenziswa lapho amathuluzi okulungisa amaphutha ajwayelekile engasakwazi ukumelana, ayizange ingene kuhlaka. Futhi ngayo yonke le mikhumbi yemishini udinga ukwazi ukusebenza.

Kuvamise ukwenzeka ukuthi ukulungisa kabusha izakhi ezithile, ukulungisa amaphutha e-topology kuyashesha futhi kulula ngokwakho kunokuthwala umkhiqizo uwuyise kusifaki. Futhi-ke isiteshi sokunamathisela sihlala endaweni yakho yokusebenza.

Esinye isici sokuthuthukiswa ezingeni labashayeli ne-hardware ukuthi i-Google ayisizi. Ngokuvamile kufanele ubheke ulwazi ngenkinga yakho, futhi kukhona izixhumanisi ezintathu, ezimbili zazo okungeyakho imibuzo kwenye inkundla. Noma okubi nakakhulu, lapho ubona umbuzo ovela kulowo muntu ompofu owabuza eminyakeni engu-5 edlule ohlwini lwamakheli e-kernel, futhi akazange athole impendulo kuwo. Kulo msebenzi, ngaphezu kwamaphutha ekwakhiweni kwe-hardware ne-software, kaningi kunamaphutha amadokhumenti - lezi cishe yizinkinga ezinzima kakhulu nezingathandeki. Kwesinye isikhathi amarejista achazwa ngendlela engalungile, noma ayikho nhlobo incazelo yawo. Izinkinga ezinjalo zixazululwa kuphela ngendlela yesayensi yokuthayipha izinombolo ezingahleliwe kumarejista athile (uhlobo lokuhlehla). Kuvame ukwenzeka ukuthi okunye ukusebenza kushumekwe kumprosesa, kodwa akekho owenze lokhu kusebenza ngaphandle kwakho (ikakhulukazi uma iprosesa entsha). Futhi lokhu ukuhambahamba ebaleni ngehhala, u-70% wawo owezingane. Kodwa uma kukhona imibhalo, ngisho namaphutha, lokhu sekuvele kuyinqubekelaphambili. Imvamisa kwenzeka ukuthi awekho nhlobo amadokhumenti, futhi yilapho imigodi yezimayini iqala ukuhamba lapho insimbi isha. Futhi yebo, ngiphinde ngaxazulula izinkinga ezinjalo ngempumelelo.

izingxoxo

Umbono wami ukuthi kufanele uye ezindaweni zokuxoxisana endaweni okungenani kanye njalo ngemva kwesigamu sonyaka, ngisho noma uwuthanda umsebenzi wakho futhi ungafuni ukuwushintsha. Inhlolokhono ikuvumela ukuthi uqonde izinga lakho njengochwepheshe. Ngicabanga ukuthi izingxoxo ezibaluleke kakhulu yilezo ezingaphumeleli. Yibo abakhombisa ngokunembe kakhulu ukuthi yiziphi izingqinamba zolwazi lwabo okufanele ziqiniswe.

Esinye isici esithakazelisayo yikhwalithi yezingxoxo. Lokhu ukubona kwami, futhi akulona iqiniso, ngiyavuma ukuthi ngibe nenhlanhla nje. Uma inhlolokhono ihamba ngokwesimo:

• sitshele ngawe;
• sinemisebenzi enjalo;
• uyathanda?

Futhi uma ngemva kwale nkhulumomphendvulwano benithanda omunye nomunye, uya emsebenzini, khona-ke njengomthetho inkampani kanye nemisebenzi iba mnandi kakhulu futhi yanele. Uma inhlolokhono ifana nokudlula emibuthanweni eyi-12 yesihogo: ingxoxo yokuqala no-HR, bese kuba nengxoxo neqembu labahleli bezinhlelo, bese kuba umqondisi, umsebenzi wesikole owengeziwe, njll., khona-ke njengomthetho lezi kwakuyizinhlangano ezihlulekile engingasebenzi isikhathi eside kakhulu. Futhi, lokhu kuwumbono womuntu siqu, kodwa njengomthetho, ukuhleleka ngokweqile kanye nenqubo ende yokuqasha ibonisa ukuthi izinqubo ezifanayo ncamashi zenzeka ngaphakathi kwenkampani. Izinqumo zenziwa kancane futhi ngokungafanele. Kwakukhona izimo eziphambene lapho kunemibuthano yesihogo sezingxoxo, futhi inkampani yaba yinhle, futhi lapho, ngemva kokushaya izandla, inkampani yaba yixhaphozi, kodwa lezi azivamile.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi isimo sokuhlangana, ukukhuluma ngawe, nokuqashwa sikhona ezinkampanini ezincane kuphela, akukho. Lokhu ngikubonile ezinkampanini ezinkulu kakhulu eziqashe abantu abangaphezu kwamakhulu futhi ezimelwe ezimakethe zomhlaba. Lokhu kuyindlela evamile, ikakhulukazi uma unomlando ocebile futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ushayele abaqashi bakho bangaphambili ubuze ngawe.

Kimi, inkomba enhle kakhulu yenkampani lapho icelwa ukuthi ibonise izibonelo zamaphrojekthi abo kanye nekhodi. Ngokushesha ikhombisa izinga lokulungiselela lomfakisicelo. Futhi, mina ngokwami, ngokombono wokukhetha abazongenela ukhetho, lena indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokukhetha kunezingxoxo zokubukisa. Eqinisweni, kwinhlolokhono, ungahluleka ngenxa yenjabulo, noma ngokuphambene nalokho, uphume nge-adrenaline. Kodwa emsebenzini wangempela, awukwazi ukubhekana nemisebenzi yangempela. Nami ngihlangane nalokhu ngesikhathi ngixoxisana nabantu mina. Kufika uchwepheshe, azibonakalise ngokuphelele, ngimthandile, wasithanda. Futhi ngazabalaza nomsebenzi olula wenyanga, ngenxa yalokho, omunye umhleli wawuxazulula ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Kwadingeka ngihlukane nalowo mdidiyeli.

Ezingxoxweni, ngiyazisa ikakhulukazi imisebenzi yokuhlela. Nalezo okumelwe kukhulunywe ngazo phakathi nomhlangano, ekucindezelekeni, nasemsebenzini wesikole. Eyokuqala ibonisa ukuthi usukulungele kangakanani ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokushesha nangokunembile esimweni esicindezelayo futhi esimweni esiphuthumayo. Owesibili ukhombisa izinga lamakhono akho kanye nekhono lokufuna ulwazi nokuxazulula izinkinga zamanje.

Imisebenzi eyayithakazelisa kakhulu enganginayo kwakusesikhungweni sezokuvikela sezwe lakithi. Ngesikhathi somsebenzi, bekufanele ngixazulule imisebenzi emnandi abahleli bezinhlelo zezentengiselwano abangakwazi ngisho ukuyiphupha. Amakhompiyutha amakhulu, ama-routers aklamayo, amasistimu wokulwa ahlukahlukene we-nodal - lokhu kuyajabulisa ngendlela exakile. Uma phakathi ne-parade ubona inkimbinkimbi egcina ikhodi yakho, kuhle ngempela. Ngokudabukisayo, izingxoxo ezinkampanini ezinjalo ngokuvamile zilula kakhulu, zafika ngokoqobo, zathanda - zamukelwa (mhlawumbe imininingwane yezempi, engathandi ukukhuluma, ibekwe phezulu). Imisebenzi okwakudingeka ngibhekane nayo lapho yayithakazelisa futhi inzima ngempela. Ngokuhlangenwe nakho, kwafika ukuthi kuhle ukufunda kubo ukuba umhleli wesistimu yekhwalithi. Kukhona futhi nezinkinga, futhi lokhu akuyona ngisho iholo eliphansi. Okwamanje, iholo endaweni yezokuvikela lihloniphekile, linamabhonasi nezinto ezinhle. Njengomthetho, lokhu kuyi-bureaucracy enkulu, amahora okusebenza angajwayelekile, imisebenzi engapheli yokujaha, ukusebenza ngokucindezeleka okukhulu. Kwezinye izimo, ukufihla akukwazi ukuchithwa, okwengeza izinkinga ezithile zokuhamba phesheya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yiqiniso, ukuhlukumeza kwabaphathi-amabhuzu, futhi lokhu, maye, nakho kwenzeka. Nakuba isipiliyoni sokusebenza nommeleli wekhasimende, nginakho, simnandi kakhulu. Lona umbono oyiqoqo wezikhungo ezintathu ezahlukene zocwaningo kanye nezinkampani ezihlotshaniswa nomyalelo wezokuvikela wombuso.

Imisebenzi yezingxoxo

Ukuze kungabikho ukungaqondi kahle futhi ukuze ngingafaki izinkampani engixoxisane nazo esikhundleni, ngeke ngilinge isiphetho futhi ngibonise idatha yazo. Kodwa ngibonga ngayo yonke inhlolokhono, ngesikhathi abantu abanginike sona, ngethuba lokuzibuka ngaphandle. Ngingasho nje ukuthi imisebenzi bekusezinkampanini ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe ebezimelwe emazweni ahlukene.

Ngizokutshela okuthakazelisa kakhulu: yimiphi imisebenzi enikezwa ezingxoxweni. Ngokuvamile, imibuzo evame kakhulu yesikhala somhleli wesistimu kanye ne-microcontroller programmer iwukusebenza kancane, kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuhlukahluka. Ngakho-ke, zilungiselele kangcono kulokhu.

Isihloko sesibili se-polarity izikhombi, lokhu kufanele kugxume kusuke emazinyweni. Ukuze bakuvuse phakathi kwamabili futhi ukwazi ukusho futhi ubonise konke.

Ezingxoxweni eziningana, ngidonse imibuzo ekhanda lami, futhi ngizoyiletha lapha, njengoba ngiyithola ithakazelisa kakhulu. Anginikezi ngamabomu izimpendulo zale mibuzo, ukuze abafundi bakwazi ukuphendula ngokuzimela le mibuzo kumazwana futhi kwakukhona isibhamu esincane lapho bedlula inhlolokhono yangempela.

Imibuzo #1

I. Ukuze uthole ulwazi lwe-SI. Kusho ukuthini lokhu okufakiwe okulandelayo:

const char * str;

char const * str;

const * char str;

char * const str;

const char const * str;

Ingabe konke okufakiwe kulungile?

II. Kungani lolu hlelo luzonikeza iphutha lokuhlukanisa?

int main ()
{
       fprintf(0,"hellon");
       fork();
       return(0);
}

III. Ngobuhlakani.

Kukhona induku ubude imitha elilodwa. Izintuthwane eziyishumi ziwela kuyo ngokungahleliwe, zikhasa ngezindlela ezihlukene. Ijubane lokuhamba kwentuthwane eyodwa yi-1 m/s. Uma idlozi lihlangana nenye, liyajika likhase libheke kolunye uhlangothi. Yisiphi isikhathi esiphezulu osidingayo ukuze ulinde ukuthi zonke izintuthwane ziwe endukwini.

Inhlolokhono elandelayo ayiphumelelanga kimi, futhi ngiyibheka njengezuzisa kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwami ​​ukuhlela izinhlelo. Kwakhombisa ukujula kokungakwazi kwami. Ngaphambi kwale ngxoxo, ngangijwayelene nombuzo ngamunye wale mibuzo futhi babehlangana njalo emsebenzini wami, kodwa ngandlela-thile angizange nginamathisele ukubaluleka okukhulu kubo, ngokulandelana, futhi angizange ngibaqonde emihlanu. Ngakho-ke, ngihlulekile lesi sivivinyo ngehlazo. Futhi ngibonga kakhulu ngokuthi kwenzeka ukwehluleka okunjalo, kwaba nomphumela osangulukisa kakhulu kimi. Ucabanga ukuthi unguchwepheshe opholile, uyawazi ama-circuitry, interfaces, sebenza ne-kernel. Bese unemibuzo yangempela futhi wabhukuda. Ngakho ake sibone.

Imibuzo Yezingxoxo #2

izinkinga zehardware.

• Izingcingo zesistimu ye-linux zihlelwa kanjani ngolimi lokuhlanganisa kuphrosesa ye-ARM, ku-x86. Uyini umehluko?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokuvumelanisa? Yiziphi izinsiza zokuvumelanisa ezingasetshenziswa ngaphakathi komongo wokuphazamisa, okungenjalo, futhi ngani?
• Uyini umehluko phakathi kwebhasi le-i2c nebhasi le-spi?
• Kungani kunezinqamuli ebhasini le-i2c futhi lingakanani inani lazo?
• Ingabe isixhumi esibonakalayo se-RS-232 singasebenza KUPHELA ezintanjeni ezimbili: i-RX ne-TX? Lapha ngizonikeza impendulo: Kuvele ukuthi impofu, ku-9600, kodwa ingakwazi !!!
• Futhi manje umbuzo wesibili: kungani?
• Iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlela imigqa yesignali namandla kumabhodi we-multilayer futhi ngani? Amandla ngaphakathi kwezendlalelo, noma imigqa yesignali ngaphakathi kwezendlalelo? (Umbuzo ngokuvamile umayelana nokujikeleza).
• Kungani imigqa ehlukene inemikhondo ehamba yonke indawo ndawonye?
• Ibhasi RS-485. Ngokuvamile kukhona ama-terminator kulayini onjalo. Nokho, sinomjikelezo wenkanyezi, onenombolo eguquguqukayo yama-plug-in. Yiziphi izindlela zokugwema ukungqubuzana nokuphazamiseka okufanele zisetshenziswe?
• Yini isihlahla esibomvu nesinambambili?
• Ungasebenza kanjani ne-cmake?
• Imibuzo mayelana nokwakha i-yocto linux.

Imisebenzi yale nhlolokhono:

1. Bhala umsebenzi oguqulayo uint32_t zonke izingcezu. (ukusebenza ngezigqi kudume kakhulu ezingxoxweni, ngiyakuncoma)
2.

int32_t a = -200;
uint32_t b = 200;
return *(uint32_t) * (&a)) > b;

Uzobuya yini lo msebenzi? (isixazululo ephepheni, ngaphandle kwekhompyutha)

3. Umsebenzi wokubala incazelo ye-arithmetic yezinombolo ezimbili int32_t.

4. Yiziphi izindlela zokukhipha ezinhlelweni, kuhl. ekusakazweni kwephutha.

Ukukhethwa kwesithathu kwakusanda kuqhathaniswa, futhi ngeke ngimangale uma kusekhona iphrofayili enjalo, ngakho-ke ngeke ngidalule inkampani ukuze ngingayifaki esikhundleni ... Kodwa ngokujwayelekile ngizonikeza isibonelo semibuzo engenzeka, futhi uma uyibona imibuzo yakho, bese ngithi sawubona :).

Imibuzo Yezingxoxo #3

1. Isibonelo sekhodi ye-traversal yesihlahla sinikezwa, kuyadingeka ukutshela okwenziwa kule khodi futhi ubonise amaphutha.
2. Bhala isibonelo sensiza ye-ls. Ngenketho elula "-l".
3. Nikeza isibonelo sendlela yokwenza ukuxhumanisa okumile nokuguquguqukayo. Uyini umehluko?
4. Isebenza kanjani i-RS-232? Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-RS-485 ne-RS-232? Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-RS-232 ne-RS-485 ngokombono womklami?
5. Isebenza kanjani i-USB (ngokombono womklami)?
6. Ukuhunyushwa kombhalo wezobuchwepheshe usuka kusiRashiya uye esiNgisini.

Inhlolokhono eyimpumelelo ayisona isiqinisekiso somsebenzi ophumelelayo

Lesi sahluko cishe asisenabo abahleli bohlelo (yize kubo futhi), kodwa singaphezulu kwe-HR. Izinkampani ezanele kakhulu azibheki ngokucophelela imiphumela yezingxoxo. Kuvamile ukwenza amaphutha, ngokuvamile babheka ukuthi umuntu wazi kanjani ukuxazulula izinkinga nokucabanga.

Enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko ukuthi umuntu ozobhapathizwa uxazulula izinkinga ngempumelelo ezingxoxweni, uzibonakalisa enguchwepheshe omuhle kakhulu, kodwa uhlanganisa umsebenzi wokuqala wangempela. Ngeke ngiqambe amanga, nami nganginalokhu. Wahamba ngempumelelo kuyo yonke imibuthano yesihogo, waxazulula yonke imisebenzi yokuhlola, kodwa ezimweni zangempela umsebenzi waba nzima kakhulu ngenxa yokungabi nalwazi kwe-banal. Ukugibela akuwona umsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Into enzima kakhulu ukuhlala kule nkampani.

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba izinkampani eziqhuba izingxoxo ezilula nomuntu ozobhapathizwa futhi zithi: ngemva kwenyanga yokuqala yomsebenzi, kuzocaca ukuthi usifanele noma cha. Lena indlela eyanele kunazo zonke, yebo, mhlawumbe ebiza kancane, kodwa kuyacaca ngokushesha ukuthi ubani.

Kukhona enye inketho yokuxoxisana: uma uyidlulisa ngempumelelo, kodwa ngokwemiphumela yenhlolokhono, uyaqonda ukuthi umqashi akanele ngokuphelele. Ngiyenqaba ngokushesha ukusebenza uma nginikezwa ukusebenza njengosomabhizinisi, ngithembisa imali enkulu. Lolu uhlobo lokugwema intela lenhlangano esebenzayo, futhi kungani kufanele izinkinga zomqashi zingikhathaze njengomhleli wezinhlelo? Enye inketho izakhiwo zombuso ezihlukahlukene. Ngibe nenhlolokhono, okwaholela ekutheni ngithole iholo elihle, kodwa bathi lo mdidiyeli wangaphambili wayeka, wagula, washona, wangena ezintini ngenxa yomsebenzi futhi usuku lwakho lokusebenza luqala ngo-8 ekuseni. Esuka endaweni enjalo, naye, wagijima kangangokuthi izithende zakhe zacwebezela. Yebo, HR, sicela uqaphele ukuthi abahleli bezinhlelo sebekulungele ukwenqaba ngisho nesikhala esimnandi kakhulu uma usuku lokusebenza kufanele luqale ekuseni kakhulu.

Ekugcineni, ngizonikeza ividiyo enhle kakhulu yokukhethwa komklami, isithombe-skrini esinikezwe ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko. Ngiphinde ngaba nalolu hlobo lwenhlolokhono izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Uma ubona ukucindezela esigabeni semibuzo, zihloniphe, sukuma, thatha izinto zakho uhambe - lokhu kuyinto evamile. Uma u-HR kanye nomphathi kwinhlolokhono bezitshela ukuthi bakubiza ngezindleko zakho, lokhu kukhombisa ubuthi benkampani futhi akufanele usebenze lapho, ngaphandle uma uthanda abaphathi abanganele.

okutholakele

Bahleli bohlelo, hambani ezingxoxweni! Futhi zama ukukhuphuka njalo. Ake sithi uma uthola imali engu-N, bese uya kunhlolokhono okungenani engu-N * 1,2, futhi okungcono kakhulu ngu-N * 1,5. Ngisho noma ungasithathi lesi sikhala ngokushesha, uzoqonda ukuthi yini edingekayo kuleli zinga lokukhokha.
Ukuqaphela kwami ​​kwabonisa ukuthi ulwazi oluhle lolimi lwesiNgisi, isipiliyoni esicebile embonini kanye nokuzethemba kunquma. Lesi sakamuva siyikhwalithi eyinhloko, njengakwezinye izindawo ekuphileni. Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, ikhandidethi elizethembayo lingenza kangcono kwinhlolokhono, ngisho namaphutha amaningi, kunomfakisicelo oncomekayo kodwa onamahloni futhi omatasatasa. Sikufisela inhlanhla ngezingxoxo zakho!

Umncintiswano we-P/S

Uma unezibonelo ezithokozisayo zemisebenzi u-HR akulayishe ngayo, wamukelekile emazwaneni. Silungiselele umncintiswano omncane - izimo zilula: ubhala umsebenzi ongavamile kakhulu owawunayo ku-interview, abafundi bayawuhlola (kanye), futhi ngesonto sifingqa imiphumela futhi sivuze ophumelele ngama-nishtyaks ahlekisayo.

Source: www.habr.com