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Ukuhamba nge-Rake: Amaphutha Abalulekile Ayi-10 Ekuthuthukisweni Kokuhlolwa Kolwazi

Ukuhamba nge-Rake: Amaphutha Abalulekile Ayi-10 Ekuthuthukisweni Kokuhlolwa Kolwazi
Ngaphambi kokubhalisa esifundweni esisha Sokufunda Ngomshini Okuthuthukisiwe, sihlola abafundi abangaba abafundi ukuze sithole izinga lokulungela kwabo futhi siqonde ukuthi yini ngempela okudingeka bayinikeze ukuze balungiselele isifundo. Kodwa kuphakama inkinga: ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele sihlole ulwazi ku-Data Science, ngakolunye, asikwazi ukuhlela ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwamahora angu-4.

Ukuze sixazulule le nkinga, sikhiphe ikomkhulu le-TestDev khona kanye ethimbeni lokuthuthukisa isifundo se-Data Science (futhi kubonakala sengathi lesi yisiqalo nje). Sethula kuwe uhlu lwezingibe eziyi-10 okuhlangatshezwana nazo lapho kwakhiwa izivivinyo zokuhlola ulwazi. Ngethemba ukuthi umhlaba wokufunda ku-inthanethi uzoba ngcono kancane ngemva kwalokhu.

I-Rake 1: Ukwehluleka ukuchaza ngokucacile imigomo yokuhlola

Ukuze uchaze kahle imigomo futhi udale ukuhlolwa okuzozicabangela, esigabeni sokuhlela kufanele siphendule imibuzo embalwa:

  1. Yini ngempela esiyihlolayo? 
  2. Ukuhlola kuzokwenziwa kuyiphi indawo futhi yiziphi izinsimbi ezisetshenziswayo? Yikuphi ukulinganiselwa kule ndawo? Leli phuzu elifanayo lizokuvumela ukuthi uqonde izidingo zobuchwepheshe zedivayisi lapho ukuhlolwa kuzokwenziwa khona, kanye nokuqukethwe (uma ukuhlolwa kuthathwa kumafoni, izithombe kufanele zifundeke ngisho nasesikrinini esincane, kufanele kungenzeka ukuwakhulisa, njll.).
  3. Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuhlola? Udinga ukucabanga ngezimo umsebenzisi azohlola ngaphansi kwazo. Ingabe kungaba khona isimo lapho edinga ukuphazamisa inqubo yokuhlola bese eqhubeka futhi?
  4. Ingabe kuzoba nempendulo? Sakha futhi sikulethe kanjani? Yini okudingeka uyithole? Ingabe kukhona ukushiyeka kwesikhathi phakathi kokwenziwa kokuhlolwa kanye nempendulo?

Esimweni sethu, ngemva kokuphendula le mibuzo, sichaze uhlu olulandelayo lwemigomo yokuhlolwa:

  1. Ukuhlolwa kufanele kubonise ukuthi abafundi bakusasa sebekulungele yini ukwenza izifundo nokuthi banolwazi namakhono okwanele yini.
  2. Ukuhlolwa kufanele kusinike impahla ukuze siphendule, sikhombise isihloko lapho abafundi benza khona iphutha, ukuze bathuthukise ulwazi lwabo. Sizokutshela indlela yokuyiqamba ngezansi.

I-Rake 2: Ukwehluleka ukudweba imininingwane yobuchwepheshe yombhali wokuhlola onguchwepheshe

Ukuqamba izinto zokuhlola, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubandakanya uchwepheshe emkhakheni lapho ulwazi luhlolwa khona. Futhi kuchwepheshe, ngokulandelayo, udinga ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe (incazelo), okuhlanganisa izihloko zokuhlolwa, ulwazi/amakhono ahlolwayo kanye nezinga lawo.

Uchwepheshe ngeke azenzele imininingwane enjalo yobuchwepheshe, ngoba umsebenzi wakhe ukuqhamuka nemisebenzi, hhayi ukwakheka kokuhlolwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bambalwa abantu abathuthukisa izivivinyo ngobungcweti, ngisho nangenqubo yokufundisa. Lokhu kufundiswa okukhethekile okuhlukile - i-psychometrics.

Uma ufuna ukujwayelana ngokushesha ne-psychometrics, khona-ke eRussia kukhona isikole sasehlobo kubo bonke abanentshisekelo. Ukuze uthole olunye ucwaningo olunzulu, i-Institute of Education inalo isiqu esiphezulu kanye nesikole seziqu.

Lapho silungiselela imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe, siqoqa incazelo eningiliziwe yokuhlolwa kochwepheshe (noma okungcono, kanye naye): izihloko zemisebenzi, uhlobo lwemisebenzi, inombolo yabo.

Indlela yokukhetha uhlobo lwemisebenzi: ngemva kokunquma ngezihloko, sinquma ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi engavivinya kangcono lokhu? Izinketho zakudala: umsebenzi ovulekile, umsebenzi wokukhetha okuningi noma okukodwa, ukufanisa, njll. (ungakhohlwa mayelana nemikhawulo yezobuchwepheshe yendawo yokuhlola!). Ngemva kokunquma nokucacisa uhlobo lwemisebenzi, sinokucaciswa kobuchwepheshe okwenziwe ngomumo kochwepheshe. Ungakubiza ngokucaciswa kokuhlolwa.

I-Rake 3: Ayibandakanyi uchwepheshe ekuthuthukisweni kokuhlolwa

Lapho ucwilisa uchwepheshe ekuthuthukisweni kokuhlolwa, kubaluleke kakhulu hhayi nje ukumbonisa "ububanzi bomsebenzi", kodwa ukumbandakanya enkambweni yokuthuthukiswa ngokwayo.

Indlela yokwenza ukusebenza nochwepheshe kuphumelele ngangokunokwenzeka:

  • Isethe kusenesikhathi futhi uchithe isikhathi esithile ukhuluma ngesayensi yokuthuthukiswa kokuhlolwa kanye ne-psychometrics.
  • Gxila ukunaka komhloli ekudaleni ithuluzi lokuhlola elivumelekile nelithembekile, hhayi uhlu lwemibuzo.
  • Chaza ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe uhlanganisa isigaba sokulungiselela, hhayi nje ukuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi ngokwayo.

Abanye ochwepheshe (ngenxa yemvelo yabo) bangase babone lokhu njengokuhlola umsebenzi wabo siqu, futhi sibachazela ukuthi ngisho noma sidala imisebenzi emihle kakhulu, bangase bangahambisani nemigomo ethile yokuhlola.

Ukwenza inqubo ihambe ngokushesha, silungiselela itafula lokuhlanganisa isihloko (ulwazi namakhono) nochwepheshe, okuyingxenye yokucaciswa kokuhlolwa. Yileli thebula elisivumela ukuba siphendule imibuzo ngokunembile futhi sinqume ukuthi sizokala ini. Esimeni ngasinye esithile singahlanganiswa ngokuhlukile kancane. Umsebenzi wethu ukuhlola ukuthi umuntu uluqonda kahle kangakanani ulwazi namakhono ezifundo zangaphambilini, eziyisisekelo ukuze aqonde ukuthi ukulungele kangakanani ukufunda esifundweni esisha.

I-Rake 4: Ukucabanga ukuthi uchwepheshe "wazi kangcono"

Wazi kangcono isihloko. Kodwa akuchazi ngokucacile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlola amagama ezabelo. Bhala imiyalelo ecacile, isibonelo, “Khetha inketho engu-1 elungile.” Ezimweni ezingu-90%, ochwepheshe balungiselela imibuzo ngendlela abayiqonda ngayo. Futhi lokho kulungile. Kodwa ngaphambi kokunikeza isivivinyo kulabo abazosithatha, yonke into idinga ukubhekwa futhi ikanywe ukuze abantu abahlolayo baqonde kahle ukuthi yini edingekayo kubo futhi bangenzi amaphutha ngoba nje bengase bahumushe ngokungeyikho umbhalo womsebenzi.

Ukuze sigweme ukutolika kabili kwemisebenzi, senza “amalabhorethri engqondo.” Sicela abantu abavela ezithamelini eziqondiwe ukuthi bahlole, basho ngokuzwakalayo abakucabangayo futhi bakuqophe ngokuningiliziwe. “Ezilabhorathri zokuqonda” ungakwazi “ukubamba” imibuzo engacacile, amagama angalungile, futhi uthole impendulo yokuqala ngohlolo.

I-Rake 5: Ziba isikhathi sokwenza ukuhlolwa

imodi yokubhuqa: ivuliwe
Yebo, ukuhlolwa kwethu kungcono kakhulu, wonke umuntu uphupha ngokukuphasa! Yebo, wonke amahora ama-4.
imodi yokubhuqa: icishiwe

Uma kukhona uhlu lwazo zonke izinto ezingahlolwa, into eyinhloko akufanele uyenze (ekuqaleni kuzwakala kungavamile, akunjalo?). Udinga ukusika ngonya, uhlonze ulwazi oluyisihluthulelo namakhono ngochwepheshe (yebo, inani lamakhono lingabuye lihlolwe esivivinyweni). Sibheka uhlobo lwemisebenzi futhi silinganisele isikhathi sokuphothula okuhlosiwe: uma yonke into isengaphezu kwemingcele enengqondo, siyayinqamula!

Ukuze unciphise ivolumu, ungaphinda uzame (ngokucophelela) ukuhlola amakhono amabili emsebenzini owodwa. Kulokhu, kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi kungani umuntu enza iphutha, kodwa uma kwenziwa kahle, amakhono womabili angacatshangelwa. Kubalulekile ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi lawa makhono ama-2 ahambisana nendawo efanayo yolwazi.

I-Rake 6: Ukungacabangi ngohlelo lokushaya amaphuzu

Ngokuvamile, lapho behlanganisa ukuhlola, basebenzisa isistimu yamaphuzu yakudala, isibonelo, iphoyinti eli-1 lemisebenzi elula namaphoyinti angu-2 kwenzima. Kodwa akusiyo yonke indawo. Isamba samaphuzu esisekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa ngeke sisitshele okuningi: asazi ukuthi la maphuzu atholwe ngamiphi imisebenzi futhi singakwazi ukunquma inani lemisebenzi efanele. Kudingeka siqonde kahle ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo zamakhono ezibonisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sifuna ukubanikeza impendulo mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izihloko ezidinga ukuthuthukiswa.

Phela senza isivivinyo esizohlukanisa abantu kube abakulungele nalabo abangakakulungeli ukuphothula lolu hlelo, sizobaluleka ngokuthi balungiselele izifundo ngokuqeqeshwa mahhala. Kubalulekile kithina ukuthi leli qembu lifake kuphela labo abalidinga ngempela futhi abakulungele.

Esikwenzayo esimweni sethu: sinquma phakathi kweqembu elisebenzayo labathuthukisi bokuhlola ukuthi yimaphi amaqembu abantu adinga ukukhonjwa (isibonelo, alungele ukufunda, alungele kancane) futhi sakhe ithebula lezimpawu zamaqembu anjalo, elibonisa ukuthi yimaphi amakhono nolwazi. izoba usizo eqenjini labalungele ukufunda ukuqeqeshwa. Ngale ndlela ungakha “ubunzima” bemisebenzi yokuhlola okunjalo.

I-Rake 7: Linganisa imiphumela ngokuzenzakalelayo

Yebo, ukuhlola kufanele kube yinhloso ngangokunokwenzeka, ngakho-ke ezinye zezinto zomfundi zihlolwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, “ngokhiye” - uma kuqhathaniswa nezimpendulo ezifanele. Ngisho noma lungekho uhlelo olukhethekile lokuhlola, kunenqwaba yezixazululo zamahhala. Futhi uma uqonda izimiso zokubhala izikripthi, khona-ke ungenza noma yini oyifunayo ngamafomu e-Google futhi uphumela kumathebula. Uma eminye yemisebenzi ihlolwe ochwepheshe, ngakho-ke kudingeka sicabange ngokuletha izimpendulo kochwepheshe, ngaphandle kolwazi mayelana nabahloli bokuhlola. Futhi cabanga ngendlela yokuhlanganisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa kochwepheshe ekuhloleni kokugcina.

Ekuqaleni besifuna ukwenza imisebenzi eminingana evulekile ngekhodi, lapho ochwepheshe behlola izixazululo ngokusekelwe kumibandela eyakhiwe ngaphambilini, futhi saze salungiselela uhlelo oluthumela ngaphandle izimpendulo ngazinye zisuka kubahlanganyeli bokuhlola ziye etafuleni elikhethekile lochwepheshe, bese singenisa imiphumela ku. itafula elinezibalo zokuhlola. Kodwa ngemva kokuxoxisana nabamele izethameli eziqondiwe, imenenja yomkhiqizo kanye nomklami wezemfundo, sibe nomuzwa wokuthi ukwenza ingxoxo yobuchwepheshe nempendulo esheshayo yochwepheshe kanye nengxoxo yekhodi, kanye nezindaba ezingazodwana, kungaba yimpumelelo kakhulu futhi kube usizo kubahlanganyeli ngokwabo. .

Manje uchwepheshe uqinisekisa ukuqedwa kokuhlolwa, ecacisa imibuzo ethile. Ukwenza lokhu, silungiselele umhlahlandlela wemibuzo kanye nezindlela zokuhlola zenhlolokhono yobuchwepheshe. Ngaphambi kwengxoxo yobuchwepheshe, umhloli uthola imephu yezimpendulo zomhloli ukuze amsize akhethe imibuzo azoyibuza.

Ibanga lesi-8: Ungachazi imiphumela yokuhlolwa

Ukunikeza impendulo kubahlanganyeli kuyinkinga ehlukile. Akudingekile ukuthi sazise kuphela ngamaphuzu okuhlolwa, kodwa futhi sinikeze ukuqonda ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa.
Kungaba: 

  • Imisebenzi lapho umhlanganyeli enze iphutha futhi wayiqeda ngendlela efanele.
  • Izihloko lapho umhlanganyeli enze khona amaphutha.
  • Izinga lakhe phakathi kwalabo ababhala izivivinyo.
  • Incazelo yezinga lombambi qhaza, ngokuhambisana, isibonelo, nencazelo yezinga lochwepheshe (ngokusekelwe encazelweni yezikhala).

Phakathi nokwethulwa kokuhlola kwethu kokuhlola, kulabo ababefuna ukubhalisa ohlelweni, kanye nemiphumela, sabonisa uhlu lwezihloko okwakudingeka zithuthukiswe. Kodwa lokhu akulungile neze, sizothuthukisa futhi sinikeze impendulo engcono.

I-Rake 9: Ungaxoxi ngokuhlolwa nonjiniyela

Mhlawumbe ireki elicijile, elingajabulisi kakhulu ukunyathela kulo, ukuthumela ukuhlolwa, incazelo kanye nesikali samaphuzu kubathuthukisi “njengoba sinjalo”.
Yini ngempela okufanele kuxoxwe ngayo:

  • Ukubukeka kwemibuzo, ukwakheka, ukuma kwehluzo, ukuthi ukukhetha kwempendulo efanele kubukeka kanjani.
  • Abalwa kanjani amaphuzu (uma kudingeka), ingabe zikhona izimo ezengeziwe.
  • Ikhiqizwa kanjani impendulo, ungayitholaphi imibhalo, akhona amabhulokhi akhiqizwa ngokuzenzakalelayo engeziwe.
  • Yiluphi ulwazi olwengeziwe oludingayo ukuze uluqoqe futhi ngasiphi isikhathi (oxhumana nabo abafanayo).

Ukugwema ukungezwani, sicela onjiniyela bethu ukuthi bakhode imibuzo emi-2 noma emi-3 ehlukene ukuze babone ukuthi babukeka kanjani ngaphambi kokubhala ngekhodi ukuhlolwa ngokwako.

I-Rake 10: Ngaphandle kokuhlola, layisha ngokuqondile ekukhiqizeni

Izikhathi ezi-3, bafana, ukuhlolwa kufanele kuhlolwe izikhathi ezingu-3 ngabantu abahlukene, noma okungcono, izikhathi ezingu-3. Leli qiniso latholwa ngegazi, umjuluko namaphikseli emigqa yekhodi.

Ukuhlolwa kwethu kuhlola ezintathu ezilandelayo:

  1. Umkhiqizo - uhlola ukuhlolwa kokusebenza, ukubukeka, imishini.
  2. Unjiniyela wokuhlola - uhlola umbhalo wemisebenzi, ukuhleleka kwayo, indlela yokusebenza nesivivinyo, izinhlobo zemisebenzi, izimpendulo ezifanele, ukufundeka nokubuka okuvamile kwezithombe.
  3. Umbhali wemisebenzi (uchwepheshe) uhlola ukuhlolwa kokwethembeka kusuka esikhundleni sochwepheshe.

Isibonelo esivela ekuziqeqesheni: ekugijimeni kwesithathu kuphela, umbhali wemisebenzi wabona ukuthi umsebenzi ongu-1 usele kunguqulo yakudala yamagama. Zonke ezandulele nazo zabusa ngenkuthalo. Kodwa lapho ukuhlolwa kufakwa ikhodi, kwakubukeka kuhlukile kunalokho okwakucatshangwa ekuqaleni. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi okuthile kuzofanele kulungiswe. Lokhu kumele kubhekwe.

Umphumela

Ngokudlula ngokucophelela zonke lezi "rake", sidale okukhethekile bot kuTelegram, ukuhlola ulwazi lwabenzi bezicelo. Noma ubani angayihlola ngenkathi silungiselela into elandelayo, lapho sizokutshela khona ukuthi kwenzekeni ngaphakathi kwe-bot, nokuthi konke kushintshe kwaba yini kamuva.

Ukuhamba nge-Rake: Amaphutha Abalulekile Ayi-10 Ekuthuthukisweni Kokuhlolwa Kolwazi
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