Muva nje, enye yezinhlelo zekhompiyutha ezisatshalalisiwe - i-SETI@Home, eyayisetshenziselwa ukucinga isignali yemvelaphi ehlakaniphile, ihlaziya idatha etholwe yisibonakude somsakazo esingamamitha angu-300 e-Arecibo, esivaliwe okwamanje, iphinde yamemezela ukuvalwa kwayo, kusukela bonke. idatha kusukela ngesikhathi isibonakude siqala ukusebenza nangaphambi kokuvalwa kwayo kusetshenzwe ngempumelelo. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yezigidi eziningi zamavolontiya - abasebenzisi abajwayelekile abanikeze amandla ekhompuyutha amahhala emishini yabo ukuze kuhlaziywe idatha. Abanye babo baze bangena enkingeni enkulu nomthetho ngenxa yokuzilibazisa kwabo - .
Futhi uma inzuzo yokusebenzisa amandla amaningi kangaka ekhompuyutha ukuthola isignali evela empucukweni ekhaliphile phakathi kwamasignali amaningi omsakazo aqoshwe yisibonakude ibonakala iyangabaza, khona-ke amanye amaphrojekthi afana ne-SETI@Home asetshenziswa kakhulu, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi okufanayo. lapho kunezinye izifo eziningi nemisebenzi, mhlawumbe engabalulekile kangako, futhi mhlawumbe nangaphezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindaba zakamuva zengeze abalandeli abangu-400 kuphrojekthi ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, okuzosiza, ikakhulukazi, esikhathini esizayo ukusungula imithi yezinye izinhlekelele.
Kodwa okugqamayo ngempela ukuthuthuka emhlabeni wethu, futhi kulo nyaka kukhona ukubhebhetheka okuthile kwawo. I-Folding@Home njengamanje iphrojekthi yekhompuyutha esabalaliswe enkulu kunazo zonke yesayensi, inama-petaflops angama-470, okuphindwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-2 ukusebenza kwesistimu yamakhompiyutha amakhulu. , kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, 81000000/470 = 172 340 izikhathi ezingaphansi kokusebenza kwesistimu yekhompyutha esabalalisiwe enamandla kakhulu emhlabeni, ekhonza ucabangani? I-Bitcoin! Futhi inokusebenza kwama-petaflops acishe abe yizigidi ezingama-81.
Lesi sihloko siwumzamo wokudonsela ukunaka kule nkinga, futhi mhlawumbe ukushintsha ukunaka komuntu ohilelekile ezimayini ze-cryptocurrency emisebenzini ebalulekile ngempela, ngoba awukwazi ukuthenga impilo ye-cryptocurrency nemali, nakuba, kunjalo, kunezinzuzo ezivela ezimayini. . Abakhiqizi bamapulazi amakhompyutha, abahlinzeki bakagesi kanye nezikhungo zedatha bathola imali ngalaba bantu.
Thina, njengomhlinzeki wokusingatha, ngezinye izikhathi sinezinsiza zamahhala, kodwa siphoqeleka ukuthi sikhokhe izikweletu zikagesi ezibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba sibona, zichithwa kakhulu uma umlawuli wesikole ekwazile ukubangela u-$ 10 wezigidi emonakalweni esikhungweni eminyakeni eyi-1,5. Ngakho-ke, asifaki izinhlelo ezinjalo zekhompiyutha ezisabalalisiwe kumaseva futhi asikhuthazi nhlobo ukumba izimayini, ngoba kuyabiza futhi akunangqondo, futhi akekho othanda imithwalo ephakeme kakhulu kunethiwekhi. Abasebenzisi bekhaya noma basehhovisi bangolunye udaba. Uma unethuba lokuqalisa uhlobo oluthile lwenqubo yekhompiyutha, ngaphezu kwezimayini ze-cryptocurrency, ngenkathi usebenzisa amandla angasebenzi, lokhu kungaletha izinzuzo ezibalulekile kuwe kanye nesayensi ikakhulukazi. Vele ubhalise kwelinye lamaphrojekthi - Folding@Home noma BOINC ongakhetha kuzo. Futhi nakanjani uzowenza umnikelo wakho. Okunye ukuthi uyini umnikelo futhi uzoba yigugu ngempela njengoba kushiwo?
wuhlelo elenza isikhathi esingasetshenzisiwe sekhompyutha yakho sitholakalele amaphrojekthi esayensi afana nalawa: SETI@home, Climateprediction.net, Rosetta@home, World Community Grid nezinye eziningi. Ngemuva kokufaka i-BOINC kukhompyutha yakho, uzokwazi ukukhetha futhi ubambe iqhaza kumaphrojekthi amaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukuthi yimaphi ozinqumela wona. Esizeni kukhona ithuba lokukhetha ukuthi yiziphi izibalo zesayensi ofuna ukuzenza.
(F@H, FAH) iphrojekthi yekhompuyutha esabalalisiwe yokulingisa ikhompuyutha yokugoqa amaprotheni. Lo msebenzi wethulwa ngo-Okthoba 1, 2000 ngososayensi baseStanford University. Ngo-2017, i-Bitcoin yaba iphrojekthi enkulu kunazo zonke yekhompiyutha esabalalisiwe, idlula i-Folding@Home. Kodwa-ke, ngoMashi 2020, konke kwashintsha:
NgoMashi 14, 2020, isikhondlakhondla sezobuchwepheshe i-NVIDIA Corporation sanxusa abadlali bamageyimu ukuthi basebenzise amandla amakhompyutha abo asekhaya ukulwa ne-coronavirus. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, uCoreWeave, umvukuzi omkhulu waseMelika e-Ethereum blockchain, umemezele ukuthi ujoyina impi yokulwa ne-coronavirus. Isikhondlakhondla se-Telecom yaseRussia i-MTS nayo ayizange ime eceleni futhi yamemezela ukuthi izinsiza zayo zamafu zizoqondiswa kuphrojekthi ye-Folding@Home ukuze kusheshiswe umsebenzi wokuthola ikhambi le-coronavirus entsha.
Emasontweni amane ngemuva kokujoyina i-F @ H ekulweni ne-coronavirus, uGreg Bowman ubike ukuthi amavolontiya angama-400 emhlabeni jikelele ajoyine lo msebenzi. Ngokungena kwabasebenzisi abasha kulandela isimemezelo sokuthi u-F@H ujoyina impi yokulwa ne-coronavirus entsha, amandla ale phrojekthi anyukele kuma-petaflops angama-000. Ngakho-ke, iphrojekthi ye-Folding @ Home ingabizwa ngokuthi i-supercomputer enamandla kakhulu emhlabeni, isibili ngemuva kwe-Bitcoin, amandla ayo angama-petaflops angu-470.
Ngomhla zingama-26 kuNdasa, 2020, amandla ekhompiyutha esewonke enethiwekhi adlula ama-exaflops angu-1,5, acishe alingane nokusebenza okuphelele kwawo wonke ama-supercomputers kusezingeni lomhlaba le-TOP500 - ama-exaflops angu-1,65.
Ngomhla ziyi-12 kuMbasa, 2020, amandla ekhompuyutha esewonke enethiwekhi adlula ama-exaflops angu-2,4, futhi ngo-April 23 - 2,6.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu kusengaphansi kakhulu kokusebenza kohlelo lwe-Bitcoin, ababambiqhaza balo nabo abangafaka isandla. Kodwa mhlawumbe ukungaqapheli kahle kuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kwenziwe, noma mhlawumbe isizathu sihluke ngokuphelele?
Ngangazi mathupha ngephrojekthi ye-SETI@Home, futhi ngaze ngabamba iqhaza isikhathi esithile ngo-2004-2006, ngaze nganquma ukuthi inani lalezi zibalo lithambekele ku-0, kodwa ngangingazi nhlobo nge-Folding@Home, enezifundo eziningi. ihlelelwe iminyaka yokubala ngaphambili futhi inani layo cishe liphakeme (ngaphandle uma ucabangela ukuthi banqotshwe ukudumazeka emhlabeni wonke ukuze bakhe umuthi wokugomela isifo esisodwa kuphela, kuyilapho ezinye izifundo eziningi zimisiwe). Futhi ngempumelelo yaba yingxenye yenethiwekhi isikhathi esithile:
Noma kunjalo, ngemuva kokusebenzisa isikhashana nje (cishe isonto lekhompyutha ejulile), ngemuva kokunikeza iMac yami ukuthi ihlanzeke, insizakalo yangitshela: “Sithathe indawo yokunamathisela okushisayo ekhadini lakho levidiyo, njengoba livele loma, ubusebenza ihluzo”?
Ngabe usukulungele ukwenza lolu hlobo lokubala mahhala ngenxa “yesayensi”, lapho kungacaci ukuthi yibaphi abantu ababeka phambili i-COVID-19, okuthi, njengoba sekufakazelwe kakade eSweden, ingabangeli izinkinga ezithile, kuyilapho ezinye izifundo ziba ezesibili ngesizathu esithile, nakuba mhlawumbe zibaluleke kakhulu? Noma ngenxa yezinombolo ezingabazisayo esikhwameni se-Bitcoin, okusobala ukuthi ngeke zihlanganise izindleko zakho zokunika amandla nokunakekela ikhompuyutha yakho (futhi noma zenza kanjalo, azinamsebenzi ongokoqobo)?
Ngokwami, angithandi. Ngakho-ke, ngisuse uhlelo lwe-Folding@Home, ngazinqumela ukuthi zonke lezi “computing ezisabalalisiwe” cishe ziwusizo njenge-Bitcoin. Phela, kwangicacela ukuthi uma okuthile kuthuthukiswa ngenxa yalezi zibalo, khona-ke, maye, kuzothengiswa ezinkampanini zemithi ngemali yangempela, ezokhokhisa mina nawe ngezidakamizwa. Futhi uma sikhokhiswa imithi, kunengqondo ukuthi ababambiqhaza kufanele bakhokhelwe imali ethile ngezinsiza zabo zekhompiyutha, khona-ke uhlelo locwaningo oluqoshwe kumephu yomgwaqo luzozwakala kakhulu (hhayi ezingeni le-Seti@Home, eligcina libangele ukulimala okukhulu, kunokusebenziseka, njengoba inani elikhulu lezinsiza lisetshenziswe ngaphandle kwanoma yimuphi umphumela ophathekayo), futhi lezi zifundo kufanele zikhokhelwe ngokuyinhloko izinkampani ezenza imithi ezizothengisa imithi ethile mina nawe.
Futhi njengoba abambalwa abangaba abathuthukisi bezidakamizwa abazimisele ukwabelana ngesabelomali futhi baxhase ngezimali i-Folding@Home kanye nabasebenzisi bayo, inani lephrojekthi libonakala lingabazeka kakhulu. Uma kungenjalo, kungani izinkampani zemithi zingawuxhasi ngezimali iphrojekthi kanye nabasebenzisi bazo ngobuningi babo?
Phela, bekungenzeka ukuheha abantu abaningi nakakhulu kuphrojekthi, bethembisa, nakuba kuncane, kodwa imali yezinsiza zabo. Okungaba qotho futhi kubonise izinga lokusetshenziswa. Izimali zokukhokhela abasebenzisi zingathathwa ezinkampanini ezenza imithi ezidinga izinsiza zekhompuyutha ezisabalalisiwe ukuze zikhiqize imithi ethile, futhi zingasatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo phakathi kwabasebenzisi, kuye ngokuthi zingakanani izinsiza ezizinikeze kulokhu noma lolo cwaningo. Futhi kusukela kubhajethi yombuso kanye nezintela, ngoba ngesizathu esithile i-hadron collider ixhaswa ngemali? Kungani ungaxhasi iphrojekthi ewusizo kakhulu uma isiza ekutholeni amakhambi e-Parkinson, umdlavuza, nezinye izifo?
Ngokusobala, izinzuzo zala maphrojekthi zicishe zifane nezinzuzo zephrojekthi yokucinga impucuko yangaphandle komhlaba, ngaphandle kwalokho konke bekuzoxhaswa ngezimali izinkampani ezithaka imithi futhi zizosebenzisa ngenkuthalo imiphumela etholiwe. Noma lezi zinhlangano "ezisiza abantulayo" sezivele zidayisela idatha kubo, zikhuthaza abasebenzisi, bakhangwa iphrojekthi mahhala, bacabange ukuthi basebenzela ukuzuzisa sonke isintu. Nakuba beletha ingxenye encane kuphela yenzuzo, futhi ikakhulukazi kulabo abasebenza kulawa maphrojekthi njengabaphathi, ngemuva kwakho konke, ngubani okuvimbela ukuthi uthinte othile wenhlangano futhi umkhuthaze kancane ngokwezimali ukuthi aqhube kulokhu noma lolo cwaningo?
Ngokumangalisayo, ngesizathu esithile kuyi-net, akekho owake waphakamisa le mibuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani ezinkulu ezifana ne-Amazon ngisho nabaqhubi beselula bajoyine iphrojekthi, beqinisekisa abantu abavamile - "abangaba yizisulu" zokuthengisa, ngenzuzo enkulu kakhulu yale nto yonke.
Uthini umbono wakho ngalolu daba? Mhlawumbe nginephutha futhi isayensi ithuthuka kuphela ngenxa yomhlatshelo wokubamba iqhaza kokuthile? - mhlawumbe lesi sihloko sizoba yimpendulo enhle yombuzo wesibili futhi sizokwenza abantu abaningi bacabange ngaphambi kokuba bakholelwe ngokungcwele kuma-philanthropists.
Ezinye izikhangiso 🙂
Siyabonga ngokuhlala nathi. Uyazithanda izindatshana zethu? Ufuna ukubona okuqukethwe okuthakaselayo okwengeziwe? Sisekele ngokufaka i-oda noma ngokuncoma kubangani, , i-analogue ehlukile yamaseva ezinga lokungena, esungulwe yithi ngenxa yakho: (itholakala nge-RAID1 kanye ne-RAID10, kufika kuma-cores angu-24 kuze kufike ku-40GB DDR4).
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Source: www.habr.com