Ngisho noma kuyisikhukhula, i-1C kufanele isebenze! Siyavumelana nebhizinisi ku-DR

Cabanga nje: usebenzisa ingqalasizinda ye-IT yenxanxathela yezitolo enkulu. Liyaqala ukuna edolobheni. Imifudlana yemvula ibhodloza ophahleni, amanzi agcwale izindawo zokudayisa aze afike emaqakaleni. Sithemba ukuthi igumbi lakho leseva alikho ekamelweni elingaphansi, ngaphandle kwalokho izinkinga azinakugwenywa.  

Indaba echaziwe akuyona inganekwane, kodwa iyincazelo eyiqoqo yezenzakalo ezimbalwa zango-2020. Ezinkampanini ezinkulu, uhlelo lokuhlenga izinhlekelele, noma uhlelo lokuhlenga izinhlekelele (DRP), luhlala luseduze kuleli cala. Ezinkampanini, lona umthwalo wemfanelo wochwepheshe bokuqhubeka kwebhizinisi. Kodwa ezinkampanini eziphakathi nendawo nezincane, ukuxazulula izinkinga ezinjalo kuwela kumasevisi we-IT. Udinga ukuqonda i-logic yebhizinisi ngokwakho, uqonde ukuthi yini engahluleka futhi kuphi, uze nokuvikela futhi ukusebenzise. 

Kuhle uma uchwepheshe we-IT ekwazi ukuxoxisana nebhizinisi futhi axoxe ngesidingo sokuvikela. Kodwa ngike ngabona izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ukuthi inkampani yasigeqa kanjani isixazululo sokulungisa isimo sezinhlekelele (DR) ngoba ikubona kungenasidingo. Lapho kwenzeka ingozi, ukululama okude kwasongela ukulahlekelwa, futhi ibhizinisi lalingakalungi. Ungaphinda ngendlela othanda ngayo: “Ngikutshelile,” kodwa isevisi ye-IT kusazodingeka ibuyisele izinsiza.

Kusukela esikhundleni somakhi, ngizokutshela ukuthi ungasigwema kanjani lesi simo. Engxenyeni yokuqala ye-athikili, ngizobonisa umsebenzi wokulungiselela: indlela yokuxoxa ngemibuzo emithathu nekhasimende ngokukhetha amathuluzi okuphepha: 

• Yini esiyivikelayo?
• Yini esivikela kuyo?
• Sivikela malini? 

Engxenyeni yesibili, sizokhuluma ngezinketho zokuphendula umbuzo: indlela yokuzivikela. Ngizonikeza izibonelo zamacala okuthi amakhasimende ahlukene azakha kanjani ukuvikela kwawo.

Esikuvikelayo: ukuhlonza imisebenzi ebalulekile yebhizinisi 

Kungcono ukuqala ukulungiselela ngokuxoxa ngohlelo lokusebenza lwangemva kwezimo eziphuthumayo nekhasimende lebhizinisi. Ubunzima obukhulu lapha ukuthola ulimi olujwayelekile. Ikhasimende ngokuvamile alinandaba ukuthi isisombululo se-IT sisebenza kanjani. Unendaba ukuthi isevisi ingakwazi yini ukwenza imisebenzi yebhizinisi futhi ilethe imali. Isibonelo: uma isayithi lisebenza, kodwa uhlelo lokukhokha luphansi, ayikho imali engenayo evela kumakhasimende, futhi "abashisekeli" basengochwepheshe be-IT. 

Uchwepheshe we-IT angase abe nobunzima ezingxoxweni ezinjalo ngezizathu ezimbalwa:

• Isevisi ye-IT ayiqondi ngokugcwele indima yesistimu yolwazi ebhizinisini. Isibonelo, uma ingekho incazelo etholakalayo yezinqubo zebhizinisi noma imodeli yebhizinisi esobala. 
• Akuyona yonke inqubo encike kusevisi ye-IT. Isibonelo, lapho ingxenye yomsebenzi yenziwa osonkontileka, futhi ochwepheshe be-IT abanalo ithonya eliqondile kubo.

Ngizohlela ingxoxo kanje: 

1. Sichazela amabhizinisi ukuthi izingozi zenzeka kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi ukululama kuthatha isikhathi. Into engcono kakhulu ukukhombisa izimo, ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani nokuthi yimiphi imiphumela engenzeka.
2. Sibonisa ukuthi akuyona yonke into encike kusevisi ye-IT, kodwa usukulungele ukusiza ngohlelo lokusebenza endaweni yangakini yesibopho.
3. Sicela ikhasimende lebhizinisi liphendule: uma i-apocalypse yenzeka, iyiphi inqubo okufanele ibuyiselwe kuqala? Obani abahlanganyela kuyo futhi kanjani? 

   Kudingeka impendulo elula ebhizinisini, isibonelo: isikhungo sezingcingo sidinga ukuqhubeka nokubhalisa izicelo 24/7.

4. Sicela umsebenzisi oyedwa noma ababili besistimu bachaze le nqubo ngokuningiliziwe. 
   Kungcono ukufaka umhlaziyi ukuze akusize uma inkampani yakho inayo.

   Okokuqala, incazelo ingase ibukeke kanje: isikhungo sezingcingo sithola izicelo ngocingo, ngeposi nangemiyalezo evela kuwebhusayithi. Ube esewafaka ku-1C ngokusebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi sewebhu, futhi ukukhiqizwa kubasusa lapho ngale ndlela.

5. Bese sibheka ukuthi yiziphi izixazululo zehadiwe nesoftware ezisekela inqubo. Ukuze uthole ukuvikelwa okuphelele, sicabangela amaleveli amathathu: 
   • izinhlelo zokusebenza nezinhlelo ngaphakathi kwesayithi (izinga lesofthiwe),   
   • isayithi uqobo lapho amasistimu asebenza khona (izinga lengqalasizinda), 
   • inethiwekhi (bavame ukukhohlwa ngakho).

6. Sithola amaphuzu okungenzeka ahluleka: ama-node esistimu lapho ukusebenza kwesevisi kuncike khona. Siphawula ngokuhlukana ama-node asekelwa ezinye izinkampani: opharetha be-telecom, abahlinzeki bokusingatha, izikhungo zedatha, njalonjalo. Ngalokhu, ungabuyela ekhasimendeni lebhizinisi ukuze uthole isinyathelo esilandelayo.

Esivikela kukho: izingozi

Okulandelayo, sithola kukhasimende lebhizinisi ukuthi yiziphi izingozi esizivikela kuzo kuqala. Zonke izingozi zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili: 

• ukulahlekelwa isikhathi ngenxa yokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwesevisi;
• ukulahleka kwedatha ngenxa yemithelela yomzimba, izici zomuntu, njll.

Amabhizinisi esaba ukulahlekelwa kokubili idatha nesikhathi - konke lokhu kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwemali. Ngakho futhi sibuza imibuzo eqenjini ngalinye lengozi: 

• Kule nqubo, singalinganisa ukuthi kungakanani ukulahleka kwedatha kanye nezindleko zokulahleka kwesikhathi emalini? 
• Iyiphi idatha esingeke siyilahlekele? 
• Kukuphi lapho singakwazi khona ukuvumela isikhathi sokuphumula? 
• Yiziphi izenzakalo okungenzeka kakhulu futhi ezisongela kakhulu kithi?

Ngemva kwengxoxo, sizoqonda ukuthi singawabeka kanjani phambili amaphuzu okuhluleka. 

Sivikela malini: i-RPO ne-RTO 

Uma amaphuzu abalulekile okwehluleka ecacile, sibala izinkomba ze-RTO ne-RPO. 

Ake ngikukhumbuze lokho I-RTO (inhloso yesikhathi sokuthola kabusha) - lesi yisikhathi esivumelekile kusukela ngesikhathi sengozi kuze kube yilapho isevisi isibuyiselwe ngokugcwele. Ngolimi lwebhizinisi, lesi yisikhathi sokuphumula esamukelekile. Uma sazi ukuthi yimalini inqubo elethwe ngayo, singabala ukulahlekelwa kusukela kuminithi ngalinye lesikhathi sokuphumula futhi sibale ukulahlekelwa okwamukelekayo. 

I-RPO (inhloso yephoyinti lokubuyisela) - Iphuzu lokubuyisela idatha elivumelekile. Inquma isikhathi lapho singalahlekelwa khona idatha. Ngokombono webhizinisi, ukulahleka kwedatha kungaholela ezinhlawulweni, isibonelo. Ukulahlekelwa okunjalo kungabuye kuguqulwe kube yimali. 

Isikhathi sokuthola kabusha sidinga ukubalwa kumsebenzisi wokugcina: uzokwazi ukungena isikhathi esingakanani ohlelweni. Ngakho okokuqala sihlanganisa isikhathi sokuthola kabusha sazo zonke izixhumanisi kuketango. Iphutha livame ukwenziwa lapha: bathatha i-RTO yomhlinzeki ku-SLA, futhi bakhohlwe imigomo esele.

Ake sibheke isibonelo esithile. Umsebenzisi ungena ku-1C, uhlelo luvula ngephutha lesizindalwazi. Uthinta umlawuli wesistimu. Isizindalwazi sitholakala emafini, umlawuli wesistimu ubika inkinga kumhlinzeki wesevisi. Ake sithi konke ukuxhumana kuthatha imizuzu eyi-15. Efwini, isizindalwazi salo sayizi sizobuyiselwa kusukela kusipele ngehora, ngakho-ke, i-RTO ohlangothini lomhlinzeki wesevisi iyihora. Kodwa lesi akuwona umnqamulajuqu wokugcina; kumsebenzisi, imizuzu eyi-15 yengeziwe kuyo ukuthola inkinga. 
 
Okulandelayo, umlawuli wesistimu udinga ukuhlola ukuthi isizindalwazi silungile, sixhume ku-1C bese uqala izinsizakalo. Lokhu kudinga elinye ihora, okusho ukuthi i-RTO ngasohlangothini lomlawuli isivele ingamahora ama-2 nemizuzu eyi-15. Umsebenzisi udinga eminye imizuzu eyi-15: ngena ngemvume, hlola ukuthi ukuthengiselana okudingekayo kuvele. Amahora angu-2 nemizuzu engama-30 iyisamba sesikhathi sokutholwa kwesevisi kulesi sibonelo.

Lezi zibalo zizobonisa ibhizinisi ukuthi iziphi izici zangaphandle isikhathi sokuthola kabusha sincike. Isibonelo, uma ihhovisi ligcwele amanzi, udinga kuqala ukuthola ukuvuza futhi ukulungise. Kuzothatha isikhathi, okungaxhomekile ku-IT.  

Indlela esivikela ngayo: ukukhetha amathuluzi ezingozi ezihlukahlukene

Ngemva kokuxoxa ngawo wonke amaphuzu, ikhasimende seliyaziqonda izindleko zengozi yebhizinisi. Manje ungakhetha amathuluzi futhi uxoxe ngesabelomali. Ngisebenzisa izibonelo zamacala amaklayenti, ngizokukhombisa ukuthi yimaphi amathuluzi esiwanikezayo emisebenzi eyahlukene. 

Ake siqale ngeqembu lokuqala lezingozi: ukulahlekelwa ngenxa yokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwesevisi. Izixazululo zale nkinga kufanele zinikeze i-RTO enhle.

1. Sesha uhlelo lokusebenza efwini 

   Okokuqala, ungavele uthuthele efwini - umhlinzeki usevele wacabanga ngezinkinga zokutholakala okuphezulu. Abasingathi be-Virtualization baqoqwa babe yiqoqo, amandla nenethiwekhi kuyagodlwa, idatha igcinwa kumasistimu okugcina abekezelela amaphutha, futhi umhlinzeki wesevisi unesibopho ngokwezezimali ngesikhathi sokuphumula.

   Isibonelo, ungabamba umshini obonakalayo onesizinda semininingwane emafini. Uhlelo lokusebenza luzoxhumeka kusizindalwazi ngaphandle ngesiteshi esimisiwe noma efwini elifanayo. Uma izinkinga ziphakama ngeyodwa yeziphakeli kuqoqo, i-VM izoqala kabusha kuseva engumakhelwane ngaphansi kwamaminithi angu-2. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-DBMS izoqala kuyo, futhi emizuzwini embalwa i-database izotholakala.

   I-RTO: kukalwa ngamaminithi. Le migomo ingacaciswa esivumelwaneni nomhlinzeki.
   izindleko: Sibala izindleko zezinsiza zefu zohlelo lwakho lokusebenza. 
   Yini engeke ikuvikele kukho: kusukela ekuhlulekeni okukhulu endaweni yomhlinzeki, isibonelo, ngenxa yezingozi ezingeni ledolobha.

2. Hlanganisa uhlelo lokusebenza  

   Uma ufuna ukuthuthukisa i-RTO, ungaqinisa inketho yangaphambilini futhi ngokushesha ufake uhlelo lokusebenza oluhlanganisiwe emafini.

   Ungasebenzisa iqoqo kumodi esebenzayo-yokwenziwa noma esebenzayo. Sakha ama-VM ambalwa ngokususelwe kuzidingo zomthengisi. Ukuze sithembeke nakakhulu, sisabalalisa kuwo wonke amaseva ahlukene namasistimu okugcina. Uma iseva enedatha eyodwa yehluleka, i-node yokusekelayo ithatha umthwalo emizuzwaneni embalwa.

   I-RTO: Kukalwa ngemizuzwana.
   izindleko: Ibiza kakhulu kunefu elivamile, izinsiza ezengeziwe zizodingeka ukuze kuhlanganiswe.
   Yini engeke ikuvikele kukho: Namanje ngeke ivikele ekuhlulekeni okukhulu kwesayithi. Kodwa ukuphazamiseka kwendawo ngeke kuhlale isikhathi eside.

   Kusukela umkhuba: Inkampani edayisayo yayinezinhlelo zolwazi eziningana namawebhusayithi. Wonke ama-database atholakala endaweni ehhovisi lenkampani. Akekho u-DR owacatshangelwa kuze kube yilapho ihhovisi lisala lingenawo amandla izikhathi eziningi zilandelana. Amakhasimende abengajabule ngokuphahlazeka kwewebhusayithi. 
    
   Inkinga ngokutholakala kwesevisi yaxazululwa ngemva kokuthuthela emafini. Futhi, sikwazile ukukhulisa umthwalo kusizindalwazi ngokulinganisa ithrafikhi phakathi kwamanodi.

3. Hambisa efwini lokuvikela inhlekelele

   Uma udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi awuphazanyiswa ngisho nenhlekelele yemvelo kusayithi elikhulu, ungakhetha ifu elimelana nezinhlekelele. Kule nketho, umhlinzeki usabalalisa iqoqo le-virtualization kuzo zonke izikhungo zedatha ezingu-2. Ukuphindaphinda okungaguquki kokuvumelanisa kwenzeka phakathi kwezikhungo zedatha, eyodwa-to-kodwa. Iziteshi eziphakathi kwezikhungo zedatha zigodliwe futhi zihamba nemizila ehlukene, ngakho-ke iqoqo elinjalo alisabi izinkinga zenethiwekhi. 

   I-RTO:ifika ku0.
   izindleko: Inketho yefu ebiza kakhulu. 
   Yini engeke ikuvikele kukho: Ngeke kusize ngokumelene nenkohlakalo yedatha, kanye nesici somuntu, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukwenza izipele ngesikhathi esifanayo. 

   Kusukela umkhuba: Elinye lamakhasimende ethu lenze uhlelo oluphelele lokutakula izinhlekelele. Leli yisu alikhethile: 

   • Ifu elibekezelela izinhlekelele livikela uhlelo lokusebenza ekuhlulekeni ezingeni lengqalasizinda. 
   • Ikhophi yasenqolobaneni enamazinga amabili inikeza isivikelo uma kwenzeka iphutha lomuntu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-backups: "kubanda" kanye "nokushisa". Ikhophi yasenqolobaneni "ebandayo" isesimweni sokukhubazeka futhi kuthatha isikhathi ukuthi isetshenziswe. Isipele "esishisayo" sesivele silungele ukusetshenziswa futhi sibuyiselwa ngokushesha. Igcinwe ohlelweni lokugcina oluzinikele ngokukhethekile. Ikhophi yesithathu iqoshwa eteyipini futhi igcinwe kwelinye igumbi. 

   Kanye ngeviki, iklayenti lihlola ukuvikelwa futhi lihlole ukusebenza kwazo zonke izipele, kuhlanganise nalezo ezisuka ku-tape. Njalo ngonyaka inkampani ihlola lonke ifu elimelana nezinhlekelele. 

4. Hlela ukuphindaphinda kwenye isayithi 

   Enye inketho yokuthi ungazigwema kanjani izinkinga zomhlaba esizeni esikhulu: hlinzeka ngokubhuka kwe-geo. Ngamanye amazwi, dala imishini ebonakalayo eyisipele endaweni ekwelinye idolobha. Izixazululo ezikhethekile ze-DR zifanele lokhu: enkampanini yethu sisebenzisa i-VMware vCloud Availability (vCAV). Ngosizo lwayo, ungamisa ukuvikela phakathi kwamasayithi amaningana abahlinzeki bamafu noma ubuyisele efwini kusukela kusayithi elisendaweni. Sengike ngakhuluma kabanzi mayelana nohlelo lokusebenza ne-vCAV lapha. 

   I-RPO kanye ne-RTO: kusukela emizuzwini emi-5. 

   izindleko: kubiza kakhulu kunenketho yokuqala, kodwa ishibhile kunokuphindaphinda kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha efwini lokuvikela inhlekelele. Intengo iqukethe izindleko zelayisensi ye-vCAV, izimali zokuphatha, izindleko zezinsiza zefu kanye nezinsiza zokugodla ngokuya ngemodeli ye-PAYG (u-10% wezindleko zezinsiza zokusebenza zokucisha ama-VM).

   Kusukela umkhuba: Iklayenti ligcine imishini ebonakalayo engu-6 enemininingwane ehlukene efwini lethu eMoscow. Ekuqaleni, ukuvikelwa kwakuhlinzekwa ngokugcina ikhophi: amanye amakhophi ayisipele agcinwe efwini eMoscow, futhi amanye agcinwe kusayithi lethu laseSt. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-database ikhule ngosayizi, futhi ukubuyisela kusuka ku-backup kwaqala ukuthatha isikhathi esengeziwe. 
    
   Ukuphindaphinda okusekelwe ekutholakaleni kwe-VMware vCloud kwengezwe kuzipele. Izifaniso zemishini ebonakalayo zigcinwa endaweni eyisipele e-St. Petersburg futhi zibuyekezwa njalo ngemizuzu emi-5. Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka endaweni eyinhloko, abasebenzi bashintshela ngokuzimela emfanekisweni womshini we-virtual e-St. Petersburg futhi baqhubeke nokusebenza nawo. 

Zonke izixazululo ezicatshangelwayo zinikeza ukutholakala okuphezulu, kodwa azivikeli ekulahlekeni kwedatha ngenxa yegciwane le-ransomware noma iphutha lephutha lesisebenzi. Kulokhu, sizodinga izipele ezizohlinzeka nge-RPO edingekayo.

5. Ungakhohlwa mayelana nesipele

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi udinga ukwenza izipele, noma ngabe unesixazululo esibanda kunazo zonke sokuvikela inhlekelele. Ngakho ngizokukhumbuza nje kafushane amaphuzu ambalwa.

Ukukhuluma ngokuqinile, ukwenza isipele akuyona i-DR. Futhi yingakho: 

• Yisikhathi eside. Uma idatha ikalwa ngama-terabytes, ukutakula kuzothatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora elilodwa. Udinga ukubuyisela, unikeze inethiwekhi, hlola ukuthi iyavula, bheka ukuthi idatha ihlelekile. Ngakho unganikeza i-RTO enhle kuphela uma kunedatha encane. 
• Idatha ingase ingabuyiswa okokuqala, futhi udinga ukuvumela isikhathi sokuphinda isenzo. Isibonelo, kunezikhathi lapho singazi khona ukuthi idatha ilahleke nini. Ake sithi ukulahlekelwa kwaqashelwa ngo-15.00, futhi amakhophi enziwa njalo ngehora. Kusukela ngo-15.00 sibheka wonke amaphuzu okubuyisela: 14:00, 13:00 njalonjalo. Uma isistimu ibalulekile, sizama ukunciphisa iminyaka yephoyinti lokutakula. Kodwa uma isipele esisha singenayo idatha edingekayo, sithatha iphuzu elilandelayo - lesi yisikhathi esengeziwe. 

Kulokhu, ishejuli yokusekelayo inganikeza okudingekayo RPO. Ukuze uthole izipele, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngokubhuka kwe-geo uma kunezinkinga ngesayithi elikhulu. Kunconywa ukuthi ugcine amanye amakhophi ayisipele ngokuhlukana.

Uhlelo lokugcina lokubuyisela esimweni sezinhlekelele kufanele luqukathe okungenani amathuluzi ama-2:  

• Enye yezinketho 1-4, ezovikela izinhlelo ekuhlulekeni nasekuweni.
• Yenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni ukuze uvikele idatha ekulahlekeni. 

Kuyafaneleka futhi ukunakekela isiteshi sokuxhumana esiyisipele uma kwenzeka umhlinzeki we-inthanethi omkhulu ehla. Futhi - voila! - I-DR kumaholo amancane isivele isilungile. 

Source: www.habr.com