Ukuklama Inethiwekhi Yogesi Wezindiza Ngokusebenzisa Idizayini Esekelwe Kumodeli

Lokhu kushicilelwa kuhlinzeka ngokuloba kwewebhu "Ukuthuthukiswa kwenethiwekhi kagesi yendiza kusetshenziswa umklamo osuselwa kumodeli". I-webinar yenziwa nguMikhail Peselnik, unjiniyela I-CITM Exhibitor.)

Namuhla sizofunda ukuthi singakwazi ukushuna amamodeli ukuze sifinyelele ibhalansi efanele phakathi kokwethembeka nokunemba kwemiphumela yokulingisa kanye nesivinini senqubo yokulingisa. Lesi yisihluthulelo sokusebenzisa ukulingisa ngempumelelo nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lemininingwane kumodeli wakho liwufanele umsebenzi ohlose ukuwenza.

Sizofunda futhi:

• Ungasheshisa kanjani ukulingiswa usebenzisa ama-algorithms wokwenza ngcono kanye nekhompuyutha efanayo;
• Ungasabalalisa kanjani ukulingisa kuwo wonke amakhompiyutha amaningi, ukusheshisa imisebenzi efana nokulinganisa ipharamitha nokukhetha ipharamitha;
• Ungasheshisa kanjani intuthuko ngokwenza imisebenzi yokulingisa nokuhlaziya usebenzisa i-MATLAB;
• Ungazisebenzisa kanjani izikripthi ze-MATLAB ukuze uhlaziye i-harmonic futhi ubhale imiphumela yanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlola usebenzisa ukukhiqizwa kombiko okuzenzakalelayo.

Sizoqala ngokubuka kabanzi imodeli yenethiwekhi kagesi yendiza. Sizoxoxa ngokuthi iyini imigomo yethu yokulingisa futhi sibheke inqubo yokuthuthukisa eyasetshenziswa ukudala imodeli.

Sizobe sesidlula ezigabeni zale nqubo, okuhlanganisa nomklamo wokuqala - lapho sicacisa khona izidingo. Idizayini enemininingwane - lapho sizobheka khona izingxenye zomuntu ngamunye zenethiwekhi kagesi, futhi ekugcineni sizosebenzisa imiphumela yokulingisa yomklamo oningiliziwe ukulungisa imingcele yemodeli engabonakali. Okokugcina, sizobheka ukuthi ungayibhala kanjani imiphumela yazo zonke lezi zinyathelo emibikweni.

Nasi ukumelwa kohlelo lwesistimu esiyithuthukisayo. Lena imodeli yendiza enguhhafu ehlanganisa ijeneretha, ibhasi le-AC, imithwalo ehlukahlukene ye-AC, iyunithi ye-transformer-rectifier, ibhasi le-DC elinemithwalo ehlukahlukene, nebhethri.

Ukushintsha kusetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izingxenye kunethiwekhi kagesi. Njengoba izingxenye zivula futhi zivale ngesikhathi sokundiza, izimo zikagesi zingashintsha. Sifuna ukuhlaziya le ngxenye yegridi kagesi yendiza ngaphansi kwalezi zimo ezishintshayo.

Imodeli ephelele yesistimu kagesi yendiza kufanele ihlanganise nezinye izingxenye. Asizange sibafake kule modeli yendiza enguhhafu ngoba sifuna kuphela ukuhlaziya ukusebenzisana phakathi kwalezi zingxenye. Lona umkhuba ovamile ezindizeni nasekwakhiweni kwemikhumbi.

Izinjongo zokulingisa:

• Thola izidingo zikagesi zezingxenye ezihlukahlukene kanye nezintambo zikagesi ezizixhumayo.
• Hlaziya ukusebenzisana kwesistimu phakathi kwezingxenye ezivela emikhakheni ehlukene yobunjiniyela, okuhlanganisa nemiphumela kagesi, yokukhanda, eyakhiwe ngamanzi, neyokushisa.
• Futhi ezingeni elinemininingwane eyengeziwe, yenza ukuhlaziywa kwe-harmonic.
• Hlaziya ikhwalithi yokunikezwa kwamandla ngaphansi kwezimo ezishintshayo bese ubheka ama-voltage nama-currents kumanodi enethiwekhi ahlukene.

Le sethi yezinjongo zokulingisa inikezwa kangcono ngokusebenzisa amamodeli wamazinga ahlukahlukene emininingwane. Sizobona ukuthi njengoba siqhubeka nenqubo yokuthuthukisa, sizoba nemodeli engabonakali nenemininingwane.

Uma sibheka imiphumela yokulingisa yalezi zinhlobonhlobo zamamodeli ahlukene, sibona ukuthi imiphumela yemodeli yezinga lesistimu kanye nemodeli enemininingwane kuyafana.

Uma sibhekisisa imiphumela yokulingisa, siyabona ukuthi ngisho naphezu kokuguquguquka okubangelwa ukushintsha kwamadivayisi kagesi enguqulweni enemininingwane yemodeli yethu, yonke imiphumela yokulingisa iyafana.

Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi senze ukuphindaphinda okusheshayo ezingeni lesistimu, kanye nokuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwesistimu kagesi ezingeni le-granular. Ngale ndlela singakwazi ukufeza izinjongo zethu ngempumelelo.

Manje ake sikhulume ngemodeli esisebenza nayo. Senze izinketho ezimbalwa zengxenye ngayinye kunethiwekhi kagesi. Sizokhetha ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye ehlukile esizoyisebenzisa kuye ngenkinga esiyixazululayo.

Lapho sihlola izinketho zokuphehla amandla egridi, singashintsha ijeneretha yedrayivu edidiyelwe ngejeneretha yejubane eguquguqukayo yohlobo lwe-cycloconvector noma ijeneretha yefrikhwensi ehlanganisiwe ye-DC. Singasebenzisa izingxenye zokulayisha ezingacacile noma ezinemininingwane kusekethe ye-AC.

Ngokufanayo, kunethiwekhi ye-DC, singasebenzisa inketho engabonakali, enemininingwane noma enemikhakha eminingi ecabangela umthelela wezinye iziyalo ezingokomzimba ezifana nemishini, ama-hydraulics nemiphumela yezinga lokushisa.

Imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nemodeli.

Lapha ubona ijeneretha, inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa, kanye nezingxenye kunethiwekhi. Imodeli okwamanje isethelwe ukulingiswa ngamamodeli engxenye engabonakali. I-actuator imodelwa kalula ngokucacisa amandla asebenzayo nasebenzayo asetshenziswa ingxenye.

Uma silungiselela le modeli ukuthi isebenzise okuhlukile kwezingxenye ezinemininingwane, i-actuator isivele imodelwe njengomshini kagesi. Sinemotor ehambisanayo kazibuthe, iziguquli kanye nesistimu yebhasi ye-DC nokulawula. Uma sibheka iyunithi ye-transformer-rectifier, sibona ukuthi imodelwe kusetshenziswa ama-transformer namabhuloho asemhlabeni wonke asetshenziswa kugesi wamandla.

Futhi singakhetha inketho yesistimu (ku-TRU DC Loads -> Block Choices -> Multidomain) ecabangela imiphumela ehlobene nezinye izinto ezibonakalayo (kuFuel Pump). Ngepompo likaphethiloli, siyabona ukuthi sinepompo ye-hydraulic, imithwalo ye-hydraulic. Ku-heater, sibona ukucatshangelwa kwemiphumela yezinga lokushisa ethinta ukuziphatha kwaleyo ngxenye njengoba izinga lokushisa lishintsha. I-generator yethu imodelwa kusetshenziswa umshini wokuvumelanisa futhi sinesistimu yokulawula ukusetha inkambu kagesi kulo mshini.

Imijikelezo yendiza ikhethwa kusetshenziswa okuguquguqukayo kwe-MATLAB okuqanjwe ngokuthi Flight_Cycle_Num. Futhi lapha sibona idatha evela endaweni yokusebenza ye-MATLAB elawula lapho izingxenye ezithile zenethiwekhi kagesi zivula futhi zivaliwe. Lesi sakhiwo (Plot_FC) sibonisa umjikelezo wendiza yokuqala lapho izingxenye zivuliwe noma zivalekile.

Uma sishuna imodeli ibe inguqulo eshuniwe, singasebenzisa lesi sikripthi (Test_APN_Model_SHORT) ukuze siqalise imodeli futhi siyihlole emijikelezweni emithathu yendiza ehlukene. Umjikelezo wokuqala wendiza uyaqhubeka futhi sihlola isistimu ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene. Sibe sesilungiselela imodeli ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi iqhube umjikelezo wendiza wesibili kanye nowesithathu. Ngemva kokuphothula lezi zivivinyo, sinombiko obonisa imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo ezintathu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlolwa kwangaphambilini. Embikweni ungabona izithombe-skrini zemodeli, izithombe-skrini zamagrafu ezibonisa isivinini, i-voltage namandla akhiqizwayo ekuphumeni kwejeneretha, amagrafu okuqhathanisa nokuhlolwa kwangaphambilini, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwekhwalithi yenethiwekhi kagesi.

Ukuthola ukuhwebelana phakathi kokwethembeka kwemodeli kanye nesivinini sokulingisa kuyisihluthulelo sokusebenzisa ukulingisa ngokuphumelelayo. Njengoba ungeza imininingwane eyengeziwe kumodeli yakho, isikhathi esidingekayo sokubala nokulingisa imodeli siyakhula. Kubalulekile ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo imodeli yenkinga ethile oyixazululayo.

Uma sinentshisekelo emininingwaneni efana nekhwalithi yamandla, sengeza imithelela efana nokushintshwa kwamandla kagesi kanye nemithwalo engokoqobo. Kodwa-ke, uma sinentshisekelo ezindabeni ezinjengokukhiqizwa noma ukusetshenziswa kwamandla yizingxenye ezihlukahlukene kugridi kagesi, sizosebenzisa indlela yokulingisa eyinkimbinkimbi, imithwalo engabonakali kanye namamodeli kagesi amaphakathi.

Usebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-Mathworks, ungakhetha izinga elilungile lemininingwane yenkinga obhekene nayo.

Ukuze siklame ngempumelelo, sidinga kokubili amamodeli abstract kanye anemininingwane yezingxenye. Nakhu ukuthi lezi zinketho zingena kanjani enqubweni yethu yokuthuthukisa:

• Okokuqala, sicacisa izidingo sisebenzisa inguqulo engabonakali yemodeli.
• Sibe sesisebenzisa izimfuneko ezicolisisiwe ukuze sidizayine ingxenye ngokuningiliziwe.
• Singahlanganisa inguqulo engabonakali nenemininingwane yengxenye kumodeli yethu, sivumele ukuqinisekiswa nokuhlanganiswa kwengxenye namasistimu emishini namasistimu okulawula.
• Okokugcina, singasebenzisa imiphumela yokulingisa yemodeli enemininingwane ukuze sishune amapharamitha wemodeli engabonakali. Lokhu kuzosinika imodeli esebenza ngokushesha futhi ekhiqiza imiphumela enembile.

Ungabona ukuthi lezi zinketho ezimbili-isistimu nemodeli enemininingwane- ziyahambisana. Umsebenzi esiwenzayo ngemodeli engabonakali ukuze sicacise izidingo zehlisa inani lokuphindaphinda okudingekayo ukuze kuklanywe okuningiliziwe. Lokhu kusheshisa inqubo yethu yokuthuthukisa. Imiphumela yokulingisa yemodeli enemininingwane isinika imodeli engabonakali esebenza ngokushesha futhi ekhiqiza imiphumela enembile. Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi sifinyelele ukufana phakathi kwezinga lemininingwane yemodeli kanye nomsebenzi isifaniso esiwenzayo.

Izinkampani eziningi emhlabeni jikelele zisebenzisa i-MOS ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi. I-Airbus yakha uhlelo lokuphatha uphethiloli lwe-A380 olusekelwe ku-MOP. Lolu hlelo luqukethe amaphampu angaphezu kuka-20 nama-valve angaphezu kuka-40. Ungacabanga inani lezimo zokuhluleka ezihlukene ezingase zenzeke. Besebenzisa ukulingisa, bangasebenzisa izivivinyo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu njalo ngempelasonto. Lokhu kubanika ukuzethemba kokuthi, kungakhathaliseki isimo sokwehluleka, isistimu yabo yokulawula ingakwazi ukuyiphatha.

Manje njengoba sesibone uhlolojikelele lwemodeli yethu, nemigomo yethu yokulingisa, sizohamba enqubweni yokuklama. Sizoqala ngokusebenzisa imodeli engabonakali ukuze sicacise izidingo zesistimu. Lezi zidingo ezicwengisisiwe zizosetshenziselwa ukuklama okuningiliziwe.

Sizobona ukuthi singawahlanganisa kanjani amadokhumenti adingekayo ohlelweni lokuthuthukisa. Sinedokhumenti yezidingo ezinkulu echaza zonke izidingo zesistimu yethu. Kunzima kakhulu ukuqhathanisa izidingo nephrojekthi iyonke futhi uqiniseke ukuthi iphrojekthi ihlangabezana nalezi zidingo.

Usebenzisa i-SLVNV, ungaxhuma ngokuqondile amadokhumenti ezidingo kanye nemodeli ku-Simulink. Ungakha izixhumanisi ngqo kusuka kumodeli ngqo ezidingweni. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye ethile yemodeli ihlobene nemfuneko ethile futhi okuphambene nalokho. Lokhu kuxhumana kukabili. Ngakho-ke uma sibheka imfuneko, singagxumela ngokushesha kumodeli ukuze sibone ukuthi leyo mfuneko ifinyelelwa kanjani.

Manje njengoba sesihlanganise idokhumenti yezidingo ekuhambeni komsebenzi, sizohlunga izidingo zenethiwekhi kagesi. Ngokukhethekile, sizobheka izimfuneko zokusebenza, ukuphakama, kanye nedizayini yokulayisha amajeneretha nemigqa yokudlulisa. Sizowavivinya ezinhlobonhlobo zezimo zegridi. Labo. phakathi nemijikelezo yendiza ehlukene, lapho imithwalo ehlukene ivuliwe futhi ivaliwe. Njengoba sigxile emandleni kuphela, sizokudebeselela ukushintsha amandla kagesi. Ngakho-ke, sizosebenzisa amamodeli abstract kanye nezindlela zokulingisa ezenziwe lula. Lokhu kusho ukuthi sizoshuna imodeli ukuze sizibe imininingwane esingayidingi. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukulingisa kusebenze ngokushesha futhi kusivumele ukuthi sihlole izimo phakathi nemijikelezo yendiza emide.

Sinomthombo wamanje oshintshanayo odlula ochungechungeni lokuphikiswa, amandla kanye nama-inductance. Kukhona iswishi kusekethe evula ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile bese ivala futhi. Uma usebenzisa ukulingisa, ungabona imiphumela ngesixazululi esiqhubekayo. (V1) Ungabona ukuthi ama-oscillations ahlotshaniswa nokuvulwa nokuvala iswishi kukhonjiswa ngokunembile.

Manje ake sishintshele kumodi ehlukile. Chofoza kabili kubhulokhi ye-PowerGui bese ukhetha isixazululi esihlukanisayo kuthebhu ye-Solver. Ungabona ukuthi isixazululi esihlukanisayo manje sesikhethiwe. Ake siqale ukulingisa. Uzobona ukuthi imiphumela manje isicishe ifane, kodwa ukunemba kuncike esilinganisweni sesampula esikhethiwe.

Manje sengingakwazi ukukhetha imodi yokulingisa eyinkimbinkimbi, setha imvamisa - njengoba isisombululo sitholakala kuphela emazingeni athile - bese ngisebenzisa ukulingisa futhi. Uzobona ukuthi ama-amplitudes esignali kuphela aboniswa. Ngokuchofoza leli bhulokhi, ngingasebenzisa iskripthi se-MATLAB esizosebenzisa imodeli ngokulandelana kuzo zontathu izindlela zokulingisa futhi ngihlele iziqephu eziwumphumela phezu kwesinye. Uma sibheka eduze kwamanje kanye ne-voltage, sizobona ukuthi imiphumela eqondile iseduze naleyo eqhubekayo, kodwa ihambisana ngokuphelele. Uma ubheka okwamanje, ungabona ukuthi kukhona inani eliphakeme elingazange liphawulwe kumodi ecacile yokulingisa. Futhi siyabona ukuthi imodi eyinkimbinkimbi ikuvumela ukuthi ubone kuphela i-amplitude. Uma ubheka isinyathelo somxazululi, ungabona ukuthi isixazululi esiyinkimbinkimbi sidinga izinyathelo ezingu-56 kuphela, kuyilapho ezinye izixazululi zidinga izinyathelo eziningi zokuqedela ukulingisa. Lokhu kuvumele imodi yokulingisa eyinkimbinkimbi ukuthi isebenze ngokushesha kakhulu kunezinye izindlela.

Ngaphezu kokukhetha imodi yokulingisa efanele, sidinga amamodeli anezinga elifanele lemininingwane. Ukucacisa izidingo zamandla ezingxenyeni zenethiwekhi kagesi, sizosebenzisa amamodeli angabonakali ohlelo lokusebenza olujwayelekile. I-Dynamic Load block isivumela ukuthi sicacise amandla asebenzayo futhi asebenzayo asetshenziswa ingxenye noma ekhiqizwa kunethiwekhi.

Sizochaza imodeli yokuqala engabonakali yamandla asebenzayo futhi asebenzayo ngokususelwe kusethi yokuqala yezidingo. Sizosebenzisa ibhulokhi yomthombo we-Ideal njengomthombo. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi usethe i-voltage kunethiwekhi, futhi ungasebenzisa lokhu ukuze unqume imingcele ye-generator, futhi uqonde ukuthi kufanele ikhiqize amandla angakanani.

Okulandelayo, uzobona ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani ukulingisa ukuze ucwenge izimfuneko zamandla ejeneretha nemigqa yokudlulisela.

Sinesethi yokuqala yezidingo ezifaka isilinganiso samandla kanye nesici samandla ezingxenyeni zenethiwekhi. Siphinde sibe nebanga lemibandela lapho le nethiwekhi ingasebenza khona. Sifuna ukucwenga lezi zidingo zokuqala ngokuhlola ngaphansi kwezimo eziningi ezahlukene. Sizokwenza lokhu ngokulungisa imodeli ukuze isebenzise imithwalo engabonakali nemithombo futhi sihlole izidingo ngaphansi kwezimo eziningi zokusebenza.

Sizomisa imodeli ukuthi isebenzise amamodeli abstract load kanye namajeneretha, futhi sibone amandla akhiqizwa futhi asetshenziswa phezu kwezimo ezibanzi zokusebenza.

Manje sizoqhubeka siye ku umklamo onemininingwane. Sizosebenzisa izimfuneko ezicolisisiwe ukuze sinikeze imininingwane ngomklamo, futhi sizohlanganisa lezi zingxenye ezinemininingwane nemodeli yesistimu ukuze sithole izinkinga zokuhlanganisa.

Namuhla, kunezinketho ezimbalwa zokukhiqiza ugesi endizeni. Ngokuvamile i-generator iqhutshwa ukuxhumana ne-turbine yegesi. I-turbine izungeza imvamisa eguquguqukayo. Uma inethiwekhi kufanele ibe nefrikhwensi engaguquki, khona-ke ukuguqulwa kusuka kusivinini se-shaft ye-turbine eguquguqukayo kuya kufrikhwensi engashintshi kunethiwekhi kuyadingeka. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa idrayivu yesivinini edidiyelwe engaguquki ekhuphuka nomfula, noma ngokusebenzisa amandla kagesi ukuguqula imvamisa ye-AC ibe yi-AC njalo. Kukhona futhi amasistimu anefrikhwensi entantayo, lapho imvamisa kunethiwekhi ingashintsha futhi ukuguqulwa kwamandla kwenzeka emithwalweni kunethiwekhi.

Ngayinye yalezi zinketho idinga ijeneretha namandla kagesi ukuguqula amandla.

Sine-turbine yegesi ezungeza ngesivinini esishintshashintshayo. Le turbine isetshenziselwa ukuzungezisa umshini wokuphehla ugesi, okhiqiza i-alternating current of variable frequency. Izinketho ezihlukahlukene zama-electronics zingasetshenziswa ukuguqula le frikhwensi eguquguqukayo ibe ifrikhwensi engashintshi. Singathanda ukuhlola lezi zinketho ezahlukene. Lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa i-SPS.

Singamodela ngayinye yalezi zinhlelo futhi sisebenzise ukulingisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene ukuze sihlole ukuthi iyiphi inketho elungele isistimu yethu. Ake sishintshele kumodeli futhi sibone ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa kanjani.

Nansi imodeli esisebenza nayo. Isivinini esiguquguqukayo esivela ku-gas turbine shaft sidluliselwa ku-generator. Futhi i-cycloconverter isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-alternating current ye-fixed frequency. Uma ugijima ukulingisa, uzobona ukuthi imodeli iziphatha kanjani. Igrafu ephezulu ibonisa isivinini esiguquguqukayo se-turbine yegesi. Uyabona ukuthi imvamisa iyashintsha. Le signali ephuzi kugrafu yesibili i-voltage evela kwesinye sezigaba ekuphumeni kwejeneretha. Le frequency eshintshayo yamanje idalwa ngesivinini esiguquguqukayo kusetshenziswa izinto zikagesi zamandla.

Ake sibheke ukuthi imithwalo ye-AC ichazwa kanjani. Okwethu kuxhunywe isibani, ipompo ye-hydraulic kanye ne-actuator. Lezi zingxenye zenziwa imodeli kusetshenziswa amabhulokhi asuka ku-SPS.

Ngayinye yalawa mabhulokhi ku-SPS ihlanganisa izilungiselelo zokucushwa ukuze ukwazi ukwamukela ukulungiselelwa kwengxenye ehlukile futhi ulungise izinga lemininingwane kumodeli yakho.

Silungiselele amamodeli ukuthi asebenzise inguqulo enemininingwane yengxenye ngayinye. Ngakho-ke sinamandla amaningi okumodela imithwalo ye-AC futhi ngokulingisa izingxenye ezinemininingwane ngemodi esobala singabona imininingwane eminingi yokuthi kwenzakalani kunethiwekhi yethu kagesi.

Omunye wemisebenzi esizoyenza ngenguqulo enemininingwane yemodeli ukuhlaziya ikhwalithi yamandla kagesi.

Uma umthwalo wethulwa ohlelweni, ungabangela ukuhlanekezela kwe-waveform emthonjeni wamandla kagesi. Lena i-sinusoid ekahle, futhi isignali enjalo izoba ekuphumeni kwe-generator uma imithwalo ihlala njalo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba inani lezingxenye ezingavulwa futhi zicinywe likhuphuka, le fomu yegagasi ingahlanekezelwa futhi ibangele ukuqiniswa okuncane okunjalo.

Lawa ma-spikes ku-waveform emthonjeni kagesi angabangela izinkinga. Lokhu kungaholela ekushiseni ngokweqile kwe-generator ngenxa yokushintsha amandla kagesi, lokhu kungakha imisinga emikhulu engathathi hlangothi, futhi kubangele ukushintsha okungadingekile kugesi wamandla ngoba abakulindele lokhu kugxuma esignali.

I-Harmonic Distortion inikeza isilinganiso sekhwalithi yamandla kagesi we-AC. Kubalulekile ukukala lesi silinganiso ngaphansi kokushintsha kwezimo zenethiwekhi ngoba ikhwalithi izohluka kuye ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye evuliwe futhi ivaliwe. Lesi silinganiso kulula ukusikala kusetshenziswa amathuluzi e-MathWorks futhi singazisebenzela ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze sihlolwe ngaphansi kwemibandela eminingi.

Funda kabanzi nge-THD ku Wikipedia.

Okulandelayo sizobona ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlaziywa kwekhwalithi yamandla kusetshenziswa ukulingisa.

Sinemodeli yenethiwekhi kagesi yendiza. Ngenxa yemithwalo ehlukahlukene kunethiwekhi, i-voltage waveform ekuphumeni kwejeneretha ihlanekezelwe. Lokhu kuholela ekuwohlokeni kwezinga lokudla. Le mithwalo iyanqanyulwa futhi ilethwa ku-inthanethi ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene phakathi nomjikelezo wendiza.

Sifuna ukuhlola ikhwalithi yamandla ale nethiwekhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene. Kulokhu sizosebenzisa i-SPS ne-MATLAB ukubala ngokuzenzakalelayo iTHD. Singabala isilinganiso ngokuhlanganyela sisebenzisa i-GUI noma sisebenzise iskripthi se-MATLAB ukuze sizenzele.

Ake sibuyele kumodeli ukuze sikubonise lokhu ngesibonelo. Imodeli yethu yenethiwekhi kagesi yendiza iqukethe ijeneretha, ibhasi le-AC, imithwalo ye-AC, ne-transformer-rectifier kanye nemithwalo ye-DC. Sifuna ukukala ikhwalithi yamandla ezindaweni ezihlukene kunethiwekhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene. Ukuqala, ngizokukhombisa ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu ngokuhlanganyela nje kujeneretha. Ngemuva kwalokho ngizokukhombisa ukuthi ungayenza kanjani le nqubo ngokuzenzakalelayo usebenzisa i-MATLAB. Sizoqala ngokuqalisa ukulingisa ukuze siqoqe idatha edingekayo ukuze kubalwe iTHD.

Le grafu (Gen1_Vab) ibonisa i-voltage phakathi kwezigaba zokuphehla ugesi. Njengoba ubona, leli akulona igagasi le-sine eliphelele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ikhwalithi yamandla enethiwekhi ithonywa izingxenye zenethiwekhi. Uma ukulingisa sekuqediwe, sizosebenzisa i-Fast Fourier Transform ukubala iTHD. Sizovula i-powergui block futhi sivule ithuluzi lokuhlaziya le-FFT. Ungabona ukuthi ithuluzi lilayishwa ngokuzenzakalelayo nedatha engiyiqophe ngesikhathi sokulingisa. Sizokhetha iwindi le-FFT, sicacise imvamisa nobubanzi, bese siveza imiphumela. Ungabona ukuthi i-harmonic distortion factor yi-2.8%. Lapha ungabona umnikelo wama-harmonics ahlukahlukene. Ubonile ukuthi ungabala kanjani i-harmonic distortion coefficient ngokuhlanganyela. Kodwa singathanda ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo le nqubo ukuze sibale i-coefficient ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene nasemaphoyinti ahlukene kunethiwekhi.

Manje sizobheka izinketho ezitholakalayo zokumodela imithwalo ye-DC.

Singakwazi ukwenza imodeli yemithwalo ehlanzekile kagesi kanye nemithwalo yemikhakha eminingi equkethe izici ezivela emikhakheni ehlukene yobunjiniyela, efana nemiphumela kagesi neyokushisa, ugesi, imishini kanye ne-hydraulic.

Isekethe yethu ye-DC ihlanganisa i-transformer-rectifier, amalambu, i-heater, iphampu yamafutha nebhethri. Amamodeli anemininingwane angacabangela imiphumela evela kwezinye izindawo, isibonelo, imodeli ye-heater icabangela izinguquko ekuziphatheni kwengxenye kagesi njengoba izinga lokushisa lishintsha. Iphampu yesibaseli icabangela imiphumela evela kwezinye izindawo ukuze ibone umthelela wazo ekuziphatheni kwengxenye. Ngizobuyela kumodeli ukuze ngikubonise ukuthi ibukeka kanjani.

Lena imodeli esisebenza ngayo. Njengoba ubona, manje i-transformer-rectifier kanye nenethiwekhi ye-DC igcwele ugesi, i.e. imiphumela evela esizindeni sikagesi kuphela iyacatshangelwa. Benze amamodeli kagesi aba lula wezingxenye kule nethiwekhi. Singakhetha okuhlukile kwalolu hlelo (I-TRU DC Loads -> Multidomain) ecabangela imiphumela evela kwezinye izinkambu zobunjiniyela. Uyabona ukuthi kunethiwekhi sinezingxenye ezifanayo, kodwa esikhundleni senombolo yamamodeli kagesi, sengeze eminye imiphumela - isibonelo, i-hiter, inethiwekhi yezinga lokushisa elibonakalayo elicabangela ithonya lokushisa ekuziphatheni. Epompo manje sicabangela imiphumela ye-hydraulic yamaphampu neminye imithwalo ohlelweni.

Izingxenye ozibona kumodeli zihlanganiswa kusuka kumabhulokhi welabhulali ye-Simscape. Kunamabhulokhi wokubala ngemikhakha kagesi, eyakhiwe ngogesi, kazibuthe neminye. Usebenzisa la mabhulokhi, ungakha amamodeli esiwabiza ngokuthi yi-multidisciplinary, i.e. kucatshangelwa imiphumela evela emikhakheni eyahlukene yomzimba kanye nobunjiniyela.

Imiphumela evela kwezinye izindawo ingahlanganiswa nemodeli yenethiwekhi kagesi.

Ilabhulali yebhulokhi ye-Simscape ihlanganisa amabhulokhi wokulingisa imiphumela evela kwezinye izizinda, njengama-hydraulics noma izinga lokushisa. Ngokusebenzisa lezi zingxenye, ungakha imithwalo yenethiwekhi engokoqobo bese uchaza ngokunembe kakhudlwana izimo lezi zingxenye ezingasebenza ngaphansi kwazo.

Ngokuhlanganisa lezi zakhi, ungakha izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi udale iziyalo ngokwezifiso ezintsha noma izindawo usebenzisa ulimi lwe-Simscape.

Izingxenye ezithuthuke kakhudlwana nezilungiselelo zepharamitha ziyatholakala ezandiso ezikhethekile ze-Simscape. Izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ezinemininingwane ziyatholakala kulawa mamitapo, kucatshangelwa imiphumela efana nokulahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle kanye nemiphumela yezinga lokushisa. Ungakwazi futhi ukumodela i-XNUMXD nezinhlelo zabantu abaningi usebenzisa i-SimMechanics.

Manje njengoba sesiqedile ukuklama okuningiliziwe, sizosebenzisa imiphumela yokulingisa okuningiliziwe ukulungisa amapharamitha wemodeli engabonakali. Lokhu kuzosinika imodeli egijima ngokushesha ngenkathi isakhiqiza imiphumela efana nemiphumela yokulingisa enemininingwane.

Saqala inqubo yokuthuthukisa ngamamodeli engxenye engabonakali. Manje njengoba sesinamamodeli anemininingwane, singathanda ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi lawa mamodeli angabonakali akhiqiza imiphumela efanayo.

Okuluhlaza kubonisa izidingo zokuqala esizitholile. Singathanda ukuthi imiphumela evela kumodeli engabonakali, eboniswe lapha ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isondele emiphumeleni evela ekufanisweni kwemodeli enemininingwane, eboniswe ngokubomvu.

Ukwenza lokhu, sizochaza amandla asebenzayo futhi asebenzayo emodeli engabonakali kusetshenziswa isignali yokufaka. Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa amanani ahlukene wamandla asebenzayo futhi asebenzayo, sizodala imodeli enepharamitha futhi silungise le mingcele ukuze amajika wamandla asebenzayo nasebenzayo asuka ekufanisweni kwemodeli engabonakali afane nemodeli enemininingwane.

Okulandelayo, sizobona ukuthi imodeli engabonakali ingashunwa kanjani ukuze ifane nemiphumela yemodeli enemininingwane.

Lona umsebenzi wethu. Sinemodeli engabonakali yengxenye kunethiwekhi kagesi. Uma sisebenzisa isignali enjalo yokulawula kuyo, okukhiphayo kuwumphumela olandelayo wamandla asebenzayo nasebenzayo.

Uma sisebenzisa isignali efanayo kokokufaka kwemodeli enemininingwane, sithola imiphumela efana nalena.

Sidinga imiphumela yokulingisa yemodeli engabonakali nenemininingwane ukuze ihambisane ukuze sikwazi ukusebenzisa imodeli engabonakali ukuze siphindaphinde ngokushesha imodeli yesistimu. Ukuze senze lokhu, sizolungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo amapharamitha wemodeli engabonakali kuze kube yilapho imiphumela ifanelana.

Ukuze senze lokhu, sizosebenzisa i-SDO, engashintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo amapharamitha kuze kube yilapho imiphumela yamamodeli abstract kanye anemininingwane ihambisana.

Ukumisa lezi zilungiselelo sizolandela izinyathelo ezilandelayo.

• Okokuqala, singenisa okuphumayo kokulingisa kwemodeli enemininingwane bese sikhetha le datha ukuze silinganisele ipharamitha.
• Sizobe sesicacisa ukuthi imaphi amapharamitha adinga ukulungiswa bese simisa ububanzi bepharamitha.
• Okulandelayo, sizohlola amapharamitha, i-SDO ilungisa amapharamitha kuze kufane nemiphumela.
• Okokugcina, singasebenzisa enye idatha yokufaka ukuze siqinisekise imiphumela yesilinganiso sepharamitha.

Ungakwazi ukusheshisa kakhulu inqubo yokuthuthukisa ngokusabalalisa izifaniso usebenzisa i-parallel computing.

Ungaqalisa ukulingisa okuhlukene kuma-cores ahlukene we-multi-core processor noma kumaqoqo wokubala. Uma unomsebenzi odinga ukuthi wenze izilingiso eziningi—isibonelo, ukuhlaziya i-Monte Carlo, ukufaka ipharamitha, noma ukusebenzisa imijikelezo yendiza eminingi—ungasabalalisa lezi zifaniso ngokuzisebenzisa emshinini wendawo onama-multi-core noma iqoqo lekhompyutha.

Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu ngeke kube nzima kunokushintsha iluphu kusikripthi ngokuhambisana ne-loop, parfor. Lokhu kungaholela ekusheshiseni okubalulekile ekusebenziseni izifaniso.

Sinemodeli yenethiwekhi kagesi yendiza. Sithanda ukuhlola le nethiwekhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezibanzi zokusebenza - okuhlanganisa imijikelezo yendiza, ukuphazamiseka nesimo sezulu. Sizosebenzisa i-PCT ukusheshisa lezi zivivinyo, i-MATLAB ukuze sishune imodeli yohlolo ngalunye esifuna ukulwenza. Sizobe sesisabalalisa ukulingisa kumacores ahlukene ekhompuyutha yami. Sizobona ukuthi izivivinyo ezihambisanayo ziqeda ngokushesha kakhulu kunalezo ezilandelanayo.

Nazi izinyathelo okuzodingeka sizilandele.

• Okokuqala, sizokwakha iqoqo lezinqubo zabasebenzi, noma lokho okubizwa ngokuthi izisebenzi ze-MATLAB, sisebenzisa umyalo we-parpool.
• Okulandelayo, sizokhiqiza amasethi epharamitha kuhlolo ngalunye esifuna ukulwenza.
• Sizosebenzisa ukulingisa kuqala ngokulandelana, ngokulandelana.
• Bese uqhathanisa lokhu nokuqalisa izifaniso ngokuhambisana.

Ngokwemiphumela, isikhathi esiphelele sokuhlola kwimodi efanayo cishe singaphansi izikhathi ezi-4 kunemodi elandelanayo. Sibonile kumagrafu ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokuvamile kusezingeni elilindelekile. Iziqongo ezibonakalayo zihlobene nezimo zenethiwekhi ezihlukene lapho abathengi bevulwa futhi becishwa.

Ukulingisa kufake phakathi ukuhlola okuningi esikwazile ukukugijima ngokushesha ngokusabalalisa izifaniso kuma-core cores ahlukene. Lokhu kusivumele ukuthi sihlole izinhlobonhlobo zezimo zendiza.

Manje njengoba sesiyiqedile le ngxenye yenqubo yokuthuthukisa, sizobona ukuthi singakwenza kanjani ngokuzenzakalelayo ukudalwa kwamadokhumenti esinyathelweni ngasinye, singaziqalisa kanjani izivivinyo futhi sibhale imiphumela.

Idizayini yesistimu ihlale iyinqubo ephindaphindayo. Senza ushintsho kuphrojekthi, sihlole ushintsho, sihlole imiphumela, bese senza ushintsho olusha. Inqubo yokubhala imiphumela nezizathu zezinguquko ithatha isikhathi eside. Ungenza le nqubo ngokuzenzakalelayo usebenzisa i-SLRG.

Usebenzisa i-SLRG, ungenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukwenziwa kokuhlolwa bese uqoqa imiphumela yalezo zivivinyo ngendlela yombiko. Umbiko ungase uhlanganise ukuhlolwa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa, izithombe-skrini zamamodeli namagrafu, C kanye nekhodi ye-MATLAB.

Ngizophetha ngokukhumbula amaphuzu abalulekile alesi sethulo.

• Sibone amathuba amaningi okushuna imodeli ukuze sithole ibhalansi phakathi kokwethembeka kwemodeli nesivinini sokulingisa—okuhlanganisa amamodi okulingisa namaleveli okucaphuna amamodeli.
• Sibonile ukuthi singakusheshisa kanjani ukulingisa sisebenzisa ama-algorithms okuthuthukisa kanye ne-parallel computing.
• Ekugcineni, sibone ukuthi singasheshisa kanjani inqubo yokuthuthukisa ngokwenza imisebenzi yokulingisa nokuhlaziya ku-MATLAB.

Umbhali wendaba - UMikhail Peselnik, unjiniyela I-CITM Exhibitor.

Xhumanisa le webinar https://exponenta.ru/events/razrabotka-ehlektroseti-samoleta-s-ispolzovaniem-mop

Source: www.habr.com