Kusetshenziswa i-ASA VPN Load-Bancing Cluster

Kulesi sihloko, ngithanda ukukunikeza imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokuthi ungakhipha kanjani ngokushesha isikimu esingakala kakhulu okwamanje. I-VPN yokufinyelela kude ukufinyelela okusekelwe AnyConnect futhi Cisco ASA - I-VPN Load Bancing Cluster.

Isingeniso: Izinkampani eziningi emhlabeni jikelele, ngenxa yesimo samanje se-COVID-19, zenza imizamo yokudlulisela abasebenzi bazo emsebenzini okude. Ngenxa yoshintsho olukhulu oluya emsebenzini okude, umthwalo emasangweni ezinkampani akhona e-VPN ukhula kakhulu futhi nekhono elisheshayo lokuzikala liyadingeka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinkampani eziningi ziphoqeleka ukuthi ziwuqonde ngokushesha umqondo womsebenzi okude kusukela ekuqaleni.

Ukuze usize amabhizinisi afinyelele ukufinyelela kwe-VPN okulula, okuvikelekile, nokunokwehla kwe-VPN yabasebenzi ngesikhathi esifushane ngangokunokwenzeka, i-Cisco inikezela ngelayisensi iklayenti le-SSL VPN elinothile ngesici se-AnyConnect isikhathi esingafika emavikini angu-13. Ungakwazi futhi ukuthatha i-ASAv ukuze uyihlole (i-Virtual ASA ye-VMWare/Hyper-V/KVM hypervisors kanye namapulatifomu efu e-AWS/Azure) kozakwethu abagunyaziwe noma ngokuthintana nabamele i-Cisco abasebenza nawe..

Inqubo yokukhipha amalayisensi e-AnyConnect COVID-19 ichazwe lapha.

Ngilungiselele umhlahlandlela wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokuthunyelwa okulula kwe-VPN Load-Bancing Cluster njengobuchwepheshe be-VPN obuyingozi kakhulu.

Isibonelo esingezansi sizoba lula ngokwemibandela yokuqinisekisa nokugunyazwa kwe-algorithms esetshenzisiwe, kodwa kuzoba inketho enhle yokuqala ngokushesha (okwamanje akwenele kwabaningi) kanye nethuba lokuzivumelanisa ngokujulile nezidingo zakho ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa. inqubo.

Ulwazi olufushane: Ubuchwepheshe be-VPN Load Balancing Cluster akuyona into ehlulekayo futhi akuwona umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa ngomqondo wawo wendabuko, lobu buchwepheshe bungahlanganisa amamodeli e-ASA ahluke ngokuphelele (nemikhawulo ethile) ukuze kulayishwe ibhalansi ukuxhumana kwe-Remote-Access VPN. Akukho ukuvumelanisa kwezikhathi nokucushwa phakathi kwama-node eqoqo elinjalo, kodwa kungenzeka ukulayisha ngokuzenzakalelayo ibhalansi ye-VPN uxhumano nokuqinisekisa ukubekezelelana kwephutha kokuxhumeka kwe-VPN kuze kube yilapho okungenani i-node eyodwa esebenzayo ihlala ku-cluster. Umthwalo kuqoqo ubhalansiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo kuye ngomthwalo womsebenzi wamanodi ngenani lamaseshini e-VPN.

Ukuze uthole i-faillover yama-node athile eqoqo (uma kudingekile), i-filer ingasetshenziswa, ngakho uxhumano olusebenzayo luzosingathwa yi-Primary node yefayela. I-fileover ayisona isimo esidingekayo sokuqinisekisa ukubekezelelana kwephutha ngaphakathi kweqoqo Lokulinganisa Lomthwalo, iqoqo ngokwalo, uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwe-node, lizodlulisela iseshini yomsebenzisi kwenye indawo ephilayo, kodwa ngaphandle kokulondoloza isimo sokuxhuma, esinembile. kuhlinzekwe ifayili. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, kungenzeka, uma kunesidingo, ukuhlanganisa lobu buchwepheshe obubili.

Iqoqo le-VPN Load-Bancing lingaqukatha amanodi angaphezu kwamabili.

I-VPN Load-Bancing Cluster isekelwa ku-ASA 5512-X nangaphezulu.

Njengoba i-ASA ngayinye ngaphakathi kweqoqo le-VPN Load-Bancing iyiyunithi ezimele ngokuya ngezilungiselelo, senza zonke izinyathelo zokumisa ngakunye kudivayisi ngayinye.

Imininingwane yobuchwepheshe lapha

I-logical topology yesibonelo esinikeziwe:

Ukuthunyelwa Okuyinhloko:

1. Sisebenzisa izimo ze-ASAv zezifanekiso esizidingayo (ASAv5/10/30/50) esithombeni.

2. Sabela izixhumanisi zangaphakathi / NGAPHANDLE kuma-VLAN afanayo (Ngaphandle kwe-VLAN yayo, NGAPHAKATHI ngokwayo, kodwa ngokuvamile ngaphakathi kweqoqo, bheka i-topology), kubalulekile ukuthi izixhumanisi zohlobo olufanayo zibe segmenti efanayo ye-L2.

3. Amalayisense:

   • Okwamanje ukufakwa kwe-ASAv ngeke kube namalayisensi futhi kuzokhawulelwa ku-100kbps.
   • Ukuze ufake ilayisensi, udinga ukwenza ithokheni ku-Smart-Akhawunti yakho: https://software.cisco.com/ -> Ilayisensi Yesofthiwe Ehlakaniphile
   • Ewindini elivulayo, chofoza inkinobho Ithokheni Entsha

   

   • Qiniseka ukuthi efasiteleni elivulayo kunenkambu esebenzayo futhi umaki wokuhlola uyahlolwa Vumela ukusebenza okulawulwa ukuthekelisa… Ngaphandle kwale nkambu esebenzayo, ngeke ukwazi ukusebenzisa imisebenzi yokubethela okuqinile futhi, ngokufanelekile, i-VPN. Uma le nkambu ingasebenzi, sicela uxhumane nethimba le-akhawunti yakho ngesicelo sokuvula.

   

   • Ngemva kokucindezela inkinobho Dala Ithokheni, kuzokwenziwa ithokheni esizolisebenzisa ukuze sithole ilayisensi ye-ASAv, siyikopishe:

   

   • Phinda izinyathelo C,D,E nge-ASAv ngayinye esetshenzisiwe.
   • Ukwenza kube lula ukukopisha ithokheni, masivumele i-telnet okwesikhashana. Ake silungiselele i-ASA ngayinye (isibonelo esingezansi sibonisa izilungiselelo ku-ASA-1). i-telnet ayisebenzi nabangaphandle, uma uyidinga ngempela, shintsha ileveli yokuphepha iye ku-100 uye ngaphandle, bese uyibuyisela emuva.

   !
   ciscoasa(config)# int gi0/0
   ciscoasa(config)# nameif outside
   ciscoasa(config)# ip address 192.168.31.30 255.255.255.0
   ciscoasa(config)# no shut
   !
   ciscoasa(config)# int gi0/1
   ciscoasa(config)# nameif inside
   ciscoasa(config)# ip address 192.168.255.2 255.255.255.0
   ciscoasa(config)# no shut
   !
   ciscoasa(config)# telnet 0 0 inside
   ciscoasa(config)# username admin password cisco priv 15
   ciscoasa(config)# ena password cisco
   ciscoasa(config)# aaa authentication telnet console LOCAL
   !
   ciscoasa(config)# route outside 0 0 192.168.31.1
   !
   ciscoasa(config)# wr
   !

   • Ukuze ubhalise ithokheni efwini le-Smart-Akhawunti, kufanele unikeze ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi kwe-ASA, imininingwane lapha.

   Ngamafuphi, i-ASA iyadingeka:

   • ukufinyelela nge-HTTPS ku-inthanethi;
   • ukuvumelanisa isikhathi (ngokufanele kakhulu, nge-NTP);
   • iseva ye-DNS ebhalisiwe;
     • Sithintana ne-ASA yethu futhi senza izilungiselelo ukuze senze ilayisense isebenze nge-Smart-Account.

   !
   ciscoasa(config)# clock set 19:21:00 Mar 18 2020
   ciscoasa(config)# clock timezone MSK 3
   ciscoasa(config)# ntp server 192.168.99.136
   !
   ciscoasa(config)# dns domain-lookup outside
   ciscoasa(config)# DNS server-group DefaultDNS
   ciscoasa(config-dns-server-group)# name-server 192.168.99.132 
   !
   ! Проверим работу DNS:
   !
   ciscoasa(config-dns-server-group)# ping ya.ru
   Type escape sequence to abort.
   Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 87.250.250.242, timeout is 2 seconds:
   !!!!!
   !
   ! Проверим синхронизацию NTP:
   !
   ciscoasa(config)# show ntp associations 
     address         ref clock     st  when  poll reach  delay  offset    disp
   *~192.168.99.136   91.189.94.4       3    63    64    1    36.7    1.85    17.5
   * master (synced), # master (unsynced), + selected, - candidate, ~ configured
   !
   ! Установим конфигурацию нашей ASAv для Smart-Licensing (в соответствии с Вашим профилем, в моем случае 100М для примера)
   !
   ciscoasa(config)# license smart
   ciscoasa(config-smart-lic)# feature tier standard
   ciscoasa(config-smart-lic)# throughput level 100M
   !
   ! В случае необходимости можно настроить доступ в Интернет через прокси используйте следующий блок команд:
   !call-home
   !  http-proxy ip_address port port
   !
   ! Далее мы вставляем скопированный из портала Smart-Account токен (<token>) и регистрируем лицензию
   !
   ciscoasa(config)# end
   ciscoasa# license smart register idtoken <token>

   • Sihlola ukuthi idivayisi ibhalise ngempumelelo ilayisense futhi izinketho zokubethela ziyatholakala:

   

   

4. Setha i-SSL-VPN eyisisekelo esangweni ngalinye

   • Okulandelayo, lungiselela ukufinyelela nge-SSH ne-ASDM:

   ciscoasa(config)# ssh ver 2
   ciscoasa(config)# aaa authentication ssh console LOCAL
   ciscoasa(config)# aaa authentication http console LOCAL
   ciscoasa(config)# hostname vpn-demo-1
   vpn-demo-1(config)# domain-name ashes.cc
   vpn-demo-1(config)# cry key gen rsa general-keys modulus 4096 
   vpn-demo-1(config)# ssh 0 0 inside  
   vpn-demo-1(config)# http 0 0 inside
   !
   ! Поднимем сервер HTTPS для ASDM на порту 445 чтобы не пересекаться с SSL-VPN порталом
   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# http server enable 445 
   !

   • Ukuze i-ASDM isebenze, kufanele uqale uyilande kuwebhusayithi ye-cisco.com, kimina yifayela elilandelayo:

   

   • Ukuze iklayenti le-AnyConnect lisebenze, udinga ukulayisha isithombe ku-ASA ngayinye ku-OS ngayinye yeklayenti esetshenzisiwe (ehlelelwe ukusebenzisa i-Linux / Windows / MAC), uzodinga ifayela eline Iphakheji Lokuthunyelwa Kwekhanda Esihlokweni:

   

   • Amafayela alandiwe angalayishwa, isibonelo, kuseva ye-FTP futhi alayishwe ku-ASA ngayinye ngayinye:

   

   • Silungiselela i-ASDM kanye nesitifiketi Sokuzisayina se-SSL-VPN (kuyanconywa ukuthi usebenzise isitifiketi esithenjiwe ekukhiqizeni). Isethi ye-FQDN Yekheli Le-Virtual Cluster (vpn-demo.ashes.cc), kanye ne-FQDN ngayinye ehlotshaniswa nekheli langaphandle lenodi yeqoqo ngalinye, kufanele ixazulule endaweni ye-DNS yangaphandle ekhelini le-IP le-OUTSIDE interface (noma ekhelini elifakwe kumephu uma ukudlulisela ngembobo udp/443 kusetshenziswa (DTLS) kanye ne-tcp/443(TLS)). Imininingwane enemininingwane ngezidingo zesitifiketi icaciswe esigabeni Ukuqinisekiswa Kwesitifiketi imibhalo.

   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# crypto ca trustpoint SELF
   vpn-demo-1(config-ca-trustpoint)# enrollment self
   vpn-demo-1(config-ca-trustpoint)# fqdn vpn-demo.ashes.cc
   vpn-demo-1(config-ca-trustpoint)# subject-name cn=*.ashes.cc, ou=ashes-lab, o=ashes, c=ru
   vpn-demo-1(config-ca-trustpoint)# serial-number             
   vpn-demo-1(config-ca-trustpoint)# crl configure
   vpn-demo-1(config-ca-crl)# cry ca enroll SELF
   % The fully-qualified domain name in the certificate will be: vpn-demo.ashes.cc
   Generate Self-Signed Certificate? [yes/no]: yes
   vpn-demo-1(config)# 
   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# sh cry ca certificates 
   Certificate
   Status: Available
   Certificate Serial Number: 4d43725e
   Certificate Usage: General Purpose
   Public Key Type: RSA (4096 bits)
   Signature Algorithm: SHA256 with RSA Encryption
   Issuer Name: 
   serialNumber=9A439T02F95
   hostname=vpn-demo.ashes.cc
   cn=*.ashes.cc
   ou=ashes-lab
   o=ashes
   c=ru
   Subject Name:
   serialNumber=9A439T02F95
   hostname=vpn-demo.ashes.cc
   cn=*.ashes.cc
   ou=ashes-lab
   o=ashes
   c=ru
   Validity Date: 
   start date: 00:16:17 MSK Mar 19 2020
   end   date: 00:16:17 MSK Mar 17 2030
   Storage: config
   Associated Trustpoints: SELF 
   
   CA Certificate
   Status: Available
   Certificate Serial Number: 0509
   Certificate Usage: General Purpose
   Public Key Type: RSA (4096 bits)
   Signature Algorithm: SHA1 with RSA Encryption
   Issuer Name: 
   cn=QuoVadis Root CA 2
   o=QuoVadis Limited
   c=BM
   Subject Name: 
   cn=QuoVadis Root CA 2
   o=QuoVadis Limited
   c=BM
   Validity Date: 
   start date: 21:27:00 MSK Nov 24 2006
   end   date: 21:23:33 MSK Nov 24 2031
   Storage: config
   Associated Trustpoints: _SmartCallHome_ServerCA               

   • Ungakhohlwa ukucacisa ichweba ukuze uhlole ukuthi i-ASDM iyasebenza, isibonelo:

   

   • Ake senze izilungiselelo eziyisisekelo zomhubhe:
   • Masenze inethiwekhi yebhizinisi itholakale emhubheni, futhi sivumele i-inthanethi ihambe ngokuqondile (hhayi indlela ephephe kunazo zonke uma kungekho ukuvikela kumsingathi oxhumayo, kungenzeka ukuthi ungene ngomsingathi onegciwane futhi ubonise idatha yenkampani, inketho umhubhe wenqubomgomo yokuhlukanisa umhubhe izovumela yonke ithrafikhi yomsingathi emhubheni. Noma kunjalo umhubhe ohlukanisiwe yenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhulula isango le-VPN futhi ungacubunguli ithrafikhi ye-inthanethi yomsingathi)
   • Masikhiphe amakheli asuka ku-subnet ethi 192.168.20.0/24 kuya kubasingathi emhubheni (ichibi elisuka kumakheli ayi-10 kuye kwangama-30 (enodi #1)). I-node ngayinye yeqoqo le-VPN kufanele ibe ne-pool yayo.
   • Sizokwenza ukuqinisekiswa okuyisisekelo nomsebenzisi odalwe endaweni ku-ASA (Lokhu akunconywa, lena indlela elula), kungcono ukwenza ubuqiniso ngokusebenzisa I-LDAP/RADIUS, noma okungcono, bopha I-Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)ngokwesibonelo I-Cisco DUO.

   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# ip local pool vpn-pool 192.168.20.10-192.168.20.30 mask 255.255.255.0
   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# access-list split-tunnel standard permit 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0
   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# group-policy SSL-VPN-GROUP-POLICY internal
   vpn-demo-1(config)# group-policy SSL-VPN-GROUP-POLICY attributes
   vpn-demo-1(config-group-policy)# vpn-tunnel-protocol ssl-client 
   vpn-demo-1(config-group-policy)# split-tunnel-policy tunnelspecified
   vpn-demo-1(config-group-policy)# split-tunnel-network-list value split-tunnel
   vpn-demo-1(config-group-policy)# dns-server value 192.168.99.132
   vpn-demo-1(config-group-policy)# default-domain value ashes.cc
   vpn-demo-1(config)# tunnel-group DefaultWEBVPNGroup general-attributes
   vpn-demo-1(config-tunnel-general)#  default-group-policy SSL-VPN-GROUP-POLICY
   vpn-demo-1(config-tunnel-general)#  address-pool vpn-pool
   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# username dkazakov password cisco
   vpn-demo-1(config)# username dkazakov attributes
   vpn-demo-1(config-username)# service-type remote-access
   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# ssl trust-point SELF
   vpn-demo-1(config)# webvpn
   vpn-demo-1(config-webvpn)#  enable outside
   vpn-demo-1(config-webvpn)#  anyconnect image disk0:/anyconnect-win-4.8.03036-webdeploy-k9.pkg
   vpn-demo-1(config-webvpn)#  anyconnect enable
   !

   • (NGOKUZITHANDELA): Esibonelweni esingenhla, sisebenzise umsebenzisi wasendaweni ku-ITU ukuze sigunyaze abasebenzisi abakude, okuyiqiniso, ngaphandle kwaselabhorethri, engasebenzi kahle. Ngizonikeza isibonelo sendlela yokulungisa ngokushesha isilungiselelo sokuqinisekisa kuso RADIUS iseva, isibonelo esetshenziswa Cisco Identity Services Engine:

   vpn-demo-1(config-aaa-server-group)# dynamic-authorization
   vpn-demo-1(config-aaa-server-group)# interim-accounting-update
   vpn-demo-1(config-aaa-server-group)# aaa-server RADIUS (outside) host 192.168.99.134
   vpn-demo-1(config-aaa-server-host)# key cisco
   vpn-demo-1(config-aaa-server-host)# exit
   vpn-demo-1(config)# tunnel-group DefaultWEBVPNGroup general-attributes
   vpn-demo-1(config-tunnel-general)# authentication-server-group  RADIUS 
   !

   Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka hhayi kuphela ukuhlanganisa ngokushesha inqubo yokuqinisekisa nesevisi yohla lwemibhalo ye-AD, kodwa futhi nokuhlukanisa ukuthi ikhompuyutha exhunyiwe ingeye-AD, ukuqonda ukuthi ingabe lolu cingo luyinkampani noma olomuntu siqu, kanye nokuhlola isimo sedivayisi exhunyiwe. .

   

   

   • Ake silungiselele i-Transparent NAT ukuze ithrafikhi phakathi kweklayenti nezinsiza zenethiwekhi yenkampani ingabhalwa phansi:

   vpn-demo-1(config-network-object)#  subnet 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0
   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# nat (inside,outside) source static any any destination static vpn-users vpn-users no-proxy-arp

   • (NGOKUZITHANDELA): Ukuze siveze amakhasimende ethu ku-inthanethi nge-ASA (uma usebenzisa i-tunnel ongakhetha kukho) usebenzisa i-PAT, kanye nokuphuma ngendlela efanayo NGAPHANDLE axhunywe kuyo, udinga ukwenza izilungiselelo ezilandelayo:

   vpn-demo-1(config-network-object)# nat (outside,outside) source dynamic vpn-users interface
   vpn-demo-1(config)# nat (inside,outside) source dynamic any interface
   vpn-demo-1(config)# same-security-traffic permit intra-interface 
   !

   • Uma usebenzisa iqoqo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunika amandla inethiwekhi yangaphakathi ukuthi iqonde ukuthi iyiphi i-ASA ehambisa ithrafikhi yokubuyisela kubasebenzisi, ngenxa yalokhu udinga ukusabalalisa kabusha imizila / amakheli angama-32 anikezwe amaklayenti.
     Okwamanje, asikakalungiseleli iqoqo, kodwa sesivele sinamasango e-VPN asebenzayo angaxhunywa ngawodwa nge-FQDN noma i-IP.

   

   Sibona iklayenti elixhunyiwe kuthebula lomzila le-ASA yokuqala:

   

   Ukuze yonke iqoqo lethu le-VPN kanye nayo yonke inethiwekhi yebhizinisi yazi indlela eya kuklayenti lethu, sizosabalalisa kabusha isiqalo seklayenti kuphrothokholi yomzila eguquguqukayo, isibonelo i-OSPF:

   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# route-map RMAP-VPN-REDISTRIBUTE permit 1
   vpn-demo-1(config-route-map)#  match ip address VPN-REDISTRIBUTE
   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# router ospf 1
   vpn-demo-1(config-router)#  network 192.168.255.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
   vpn-demo-1(config-router)#  log-adj-changes
   vpn-demo-1(config-router)#  redistribute static metric 5000 subnets route-map RMAP-VPN-REDISTRIBUTE

   Manje sesinomzila oya kuklayenti osuka esangweni lesibili le-ASA-2 futhi abasebenzisi abaxhumeke kumasango ahlukene e-VPN ngaphakathi kweqoqo bangakwazi, isibonelo, ukuxhumana ngokuqondile ngefoni ephathekayo yenkampani, kanye nokubuyisa ithrafikhi evela kuzinsiza ezicelwe umsebenzisi. woza esangweni le-VPN oyifunayo:

   

5. Masiqhubekele ekulungiseleleni iqoqo Lokulinganisa Lomthwalo.

   Ikheli elithi 192.168.31.40 lizosetshenziswa njenge-Virtual IP (VIP - wonke amaklayenti e-VPN azoxhuma kuwo ekuqaleni), kusukela kuleli kheli Iqoqo Eliyinhloko lizokwenza i-REDIRECT ibe nodi yeqoqo engalayishiwe kancane. Ungakhohlwa ukubhala phambili futhi uhlehlise irekhodi le-DNS kokubili ikheli ngalinye langaphandle / i-FQDN yenodi ngayinye yeqoqo, kanye neye-VIP.

   vpn-demo-1(config)# vpn load-balancing
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# interface lbpublic outside
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# interface lbprivate inside
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# priority 10
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# cluster ip address 192.168.31.40
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# cluster port 4000
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# redirect-fqdn enable
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# cluster key cisco
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# cluster encryption
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# cluster port 9023
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# participate
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)#

   • Sihlola ukusebenza kweqoqo ngamaklayenti amabili axhunyiwe:

   

   • Masenze okwenziwa yikhasimende kube lula kakhulu ngephrofayela ye-AnyConnect elayishwe ngokuzenzakalelayo nge-ASDM.

   

   Siqamba iphrofayela ngendlela elula futhi sihlobanisa inqubomgomo yethu yeqembu nayo:

   

   Ngemuva kokuxhumeka okulandelayo kweklayenti, le phrofayela izolandwa ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ifakwe kuklayenti le-AnyConnect, ngakho-ke uma udinga ukuxhuma, vele uyikhethe ohlwini:

   

   Njengoba sidale le phrofayela ku-ASA eyodwa kuphela sisebenzisa i-ASDM, ungakhohlwa ukuphinda izinyathelo kwamanye ama-ASA kuqoqo.

Isiphetho: Ngakho-ke, sithumele ngokushesha iqoqo lamasango amaningana e-VPN anokulinganisa okuzenzakalelayo komthwalo. Ukwengeza ama-node amasha kuqoqo kulula, ngokukala okuvundlile okulula ngokufaka imishini emisha ye-ASAv noma ukusebenzisa i-Hardware ASAs. Iklayenti le-AnyConnect elicebile lingathuthukisa kakhulu ukuxhumeka okukude okuphephile ngokusebenzisa i Ukuma (izilinganiso zesimo), esetshenziswa ngempumelelo kakhulu ngokuhambisana nohlelo lokulawula okumaphakathi nokubalwa kokufinyelela Injini Yezinsizakalo Zomazisi.

Source: www.habr.com