Abantu abaningi bayakhumbula ukuthi uchungechunge lwe-TV oluthi "Silicon Valley" lukhuluma ngomhleli uRichard
U-Hendrix, oqhamuke ne-algorithm yokuguqula idatha ngephutha futhi wanquma
yakha isiqalo sakho.
Abeluleki bochungechunge baze baphakamisa imethrikhi okufanele ihlolwe ngayo
ama-algorithms afanayo yi-Fictitious Weissman Score.
Okunye endabeni, abaqalisi benze ingxoxo yevidiyo besebenzisa lesi sixazululo.
Umphakathi ohlonishwayo uyamenywa ukuthi uxoxe ngokunye, okungajwayelekile neze
umgomo wokucindezelwa kwedatha kumakholi omsindo nevidiyo, okuxazulula inkinga entsha,
uhlangothi olungalindelekile.
Uma ufuna ukubamba iqhaza engxoxweni yalesi sixazululo, futhi uthole ukuthi lokhu kufana ngani
imiqondo noJonathan Swift kanye nemisebenzi kaLeo Tolstoy, sicela ngaphansi kwekati.
A little ofory
Ake sichaze ngokwejwayelekile ukuthi ukuxhumana okulalelwayo kwesimanje kusebenza kanjani - umgomo uyafana kukho kokubili
izingcingo ngenethiwekhi ye-GSM, kanye nezithunywa ezisheshayo namanethiwekhi e-VOIP.
Ukudlidliza komsindo kuthunyelwa kumakrofoni we-smartphone, bese kuba nge-analog-digital
isiguquli (ADC noma ADC):
Okulandelayo, ukubhala ngekhodi kwenzeka ngamakhodekhi ahlukahlukene (G711, G729, OPUS, GSM, njll.),
ukubethela kwengezwe noma akungeziwe (SRTP, ZPTP, njll.) futhi kuthunyelwe endaweni
ukudluliswa kwedatha.
Isibonelo, cishe zonke izithunywa ezisheshayo (i-WhatsApp, i-Viber, njll.) zisebenzisa ama-codec afanayo (kamuva lokhu kuvame i-Opus), futhi kucishe kufane kancane.
amaphrothokholi alungisiwe (asekelwe ku-SIP, WebRTC).
Inethiwekhi yokudlulisa idatha ingaba yi-inthanethi yomphakathi noma inethiwekhi ye-GSM noma
I-inthanethi:
Ukubethela kuyisici ongasikhetha kulolu hlelo, isibonelo ezikhathini eziningi ze
Ukubethela kocingo lwe-SIP akusetshenzisiwe.
Kodwa ezithunyweni, ngokuphambene nalokho, ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ubunikazi bazo
amaphrothokholi wokubethela kwezwi nevidiyo.
Okulandelayo, inqubo yokuhlehla iyenzeka - umamukeli, lapho ethole idatha, unquma ulwazi olutholiwe, bese isignali iya ku-DAC (i-digital-to-analog converter) bese ifaka i-amplifier yomsindo exhunywe kusipika:
Izici zamakhodekhi esimanje:
G.711 64 Kbps.
G.726 16, 24, 32 noma 40 Kbps.
G.729A 8 KB/isekhondi.
I-GSM 13 KB/isekhondi.
I-iLBC 13.3 KB/isekhondi. (30ms uhlaka); 15.2 KB/isekhondi. (20ms uzimele)
Ibanga lokukhuluma lisuka ku-2.15 liye ku-22.4 KB/sec.
G.722 64 Kbps.
Ngakho, isibonelo, phakathi nengxoxo yemizuzu engu-7 ku-WhatsApp noma ku-Skype kuzoba khona
Cishe u-1 MB usetshenzisiwe.
Masikhumbule lezi zinombolo - 1MB imizuzu engu-7 yengxoxo, sizozidinga maduze.
"U-Leo Tolstoy ufana nesibuko ... soguquko..."
Masikhumbule inoveli edume kakhulu yalo mbhali omkhulu waseRussia:
"Impi Nokuthula" iyinoveli edumile kaLeo Nikolaevich Tolstoy, echaza isiRashiya.
umphakathi phakathi nezimpi ezilwa noNapoleon ngo-1805-1812. I-epilogue yenoveli iletha
ukulandisa kuze kufike ku-1820.
Inoveli ethi βWar and Peaceβ kaL.N. UTolstoy wanikela iminyaka eyisikhombisa yomsebenzi onzima nophikelelayo. Imibhalo yesandla ifakazela indlela enye yendalo enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni eyadalwa ngayo.
"Impi Nokuthula": inqolobane yombhali iqukethe amashidi abhalwe kahle angaphezu kuka-5200.
Uma manje ufuna ukufunda le noveli, ungayilanda kalula.
Futhi leli fayela linesisindo kuphela... 1 MB:
Amafomethi we-fb2 ne-epub, njenge-zip, rar, ngokomthetho, angabhekwa njengohlobo lwe
amakhodekhi
Ake sicabange ngakho - imizuzu engu-7 yengxoxo yethu ku-WhatsApp iyalingana ngokomthamo wethrafikhi
umsebenzi omuhle owathatha iminyaka engu-7 ukuwubhala!
Ingxoxo yemizuzu engu-7 ifakwe ikhodi ye-opus, inoveli yabhalwa nge-ePub, ivolumu iyafana -
1MB, kodwa yeka umehluko omkhulu!
Gulliver's Travels
Wonke umuntu uyazi lo msebenzi kaJonathan Swift kusukela ebuntwaneni, kodwa empeleni le ncwadi akuyona eya
izingane.
I-Gulliver's Travels iyinhlekisa yezepolitiki yabantu abadala, vele kumongo we-18
ikhulu leminyaka.
Into emangazayo ukuthi uSwift, eyisitha esishisekayo somunye owayephila ngesikhathi sakhe -
U-Newton, encwadini yakhe ethi "Gulliver's Travels" akazange nje abikezele ukutholakala kwamasathelayithi
I-Mars (enencazelo enembile yezici zabo), kodwa futhi ichaze okuthakazelisayo kunalokho
indlela yokuxhumana phakathi kwabantu:
β... iphrojekthi yafuna ukuqedwa ngokuphelele kwawo wonke amagama;
umbhali wale phrojekthi ubhekise ikakhulukazi ezinzuzweni zayo zezempilo nokonga
isikhathi.
Phela kusobala ukuthi igama ngalinye esilikhulumayo lihlotshaniswa nokuguga okuthile.
amaphaphu futhi, ngakho-ke, kuholela ekunciphiseni empilweni yethu.
Futhi njengoba amagama engamagama ezinto kuphela, umbhali wephrojekthi wenza kucatshangwe ukuthi
ukuthi kuzoba lula kakhulu ngathi ukuthwala izinto ezidingekayo ukuze siveze okwethu
imicabango nezifiso.
... abantu abaningi abafunde kakhulu nabahlakaniphe kakhulu basebenzisa le ndlela entsha yokuveza imibono yabo
imicabango ngosizo lwezinto.
Ukuphazamiseka kwayo kuphela iqiniso lokuthi, uma kunesidingo,
qhuba ingxoxo ende ngezihloko ezahlukahlukene, labo abaxoxayo kufanele baziphathe
amahlombe anenqwaba yezinto, uma izimali zingakuvumeli ukuqasha eyodwa noma
abafana ababili abakhulu. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngibona amadoda amabili anjalo ahlakaniphile, ekhathele ngaphansi
umthwalo osindayo, njengabadayisi bethu. Lapho behlangana emgwaqweni, bathatha izithombe
izikhwama zamahlombe, wazivula futhi, ekhipha izinto ezidingekayo lapho, ngaleyo ndlela waqhubeka nengxoxo
ukuqhubeka kwehora; base benqwabelanisa izitsha zabo balekelelana ukuthwala umthwalo
emahlombe, bavalelisa bahlukane.
Nokho, ezingxoxweni ezimfushane nezilula ungaphatha konke okudingayo ephaketheni lakho
noma ngaphansi kwekhwapha, futhi ingxoxo eyenzeka ekhaya ayibangeli lutho
ubunzima. Ngakho-ke, amakamelo lapho abantu abasebenzisa le ndlela behlangana khona agcwele
zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezifanele ukusebenza njengempahla yokwenziwa okunjalo
izingxoxo.
Enye inzuzo enkulu yalokhu okusunguliwe ukuthi ingasetshenziswa
njengolimi lomhlaba wonke, oluqondakala kuzo zonke izizwe eziphucuzekile, ngefenisha nasekhaya
izitsha ziyafana noma zifana kakhulu yonke indawo, ukuze ukusetshenziswa kwazo kuqondwe kalula.
Ngakho, izithunywa zingakhuluma kalula namakhosi akwamanye amazwe noma
ongqongqoshe ulimi lwabo abalwazi nhlobo..."
Ngakho-ke, mhlawumbe usuvele uqagela ukuthi ngiyaphi nalokhu :)
Kungani udlulisa ukudlidliza komoya (imisindo) ngaphezu kwamakhulu amaningi nezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha?
hlupha ngokubhala ngekhodi (ukuze udlulisele lokhu kudlidliza komoya kumamukeli ngokunembe nangempumelelo ngangokunokwenzeka), gcina umkhawulokudonsa odingekayo, uma i-semantic
Ingabe umthwalo walokhu kudluliselwa mncane, noma uthambekele ku-zero?
Phela, abantu abakhulumisani omunye nomunye hhayi ngemisindo, kodwa ngencazelo, okuqukethwe, semantics, imicabango ...
Umqondo wohlelo olusha lwezokuxhumana ulula kakhulu - ohlangothini lomthombo A kukhona okulalelwayo
ukudlidliza nakho kwenziwa ngedijithali, kodwa akudluliselwa ngokushesha kwelinye iqembu, kodwa
ziguqulwa zibe umbhalo (Inkulumo Iya Embhalweni) bese kuba umbhalo ozwakalayo usuka
obhalisile A, othi:
- ingadluliselwa ngobuncane bomkhawulokudonsa wedatha odingekayo (ngisho nokuxhumana ngomsakazo we-HF kungenzeka, njll.)
- ingabethelwa nganoma iyiphi i-algorithm eqinile yokubethela
Eceleni B, imilayezo etholiwe ikhishwa ukubethela futhi ikhiqizwe njengezwi elisuka
obhalisile A (Umbhalo Oya Enkulumweni).
Ungakwazi futhi ukulanda lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-B side. i-avatar yezwi yomuntu obhalisele u-A, ongathanda
iphindaphinde ngokunembile indlela yokukhuluma yobhalisile u-A.
Ishaneli ehlukile ingadlulisa umsindo wangemuva nemizwa.
Kuyafana nangokuxhumana ngevidiyo - ikakhulukazi njengoba ama-elementi angawodwana kade akhona
zikhona ezinhlelweni zokusebenza (imaski ehlukahlukene, ingemuva ku-Zoom, njll.).
Yebo, kunezici zobuchwepheshe okwamanje ezingakasetshenziswa ngokugcwele ngendlela efanele -
isibonelo, isivinini sokuguqulwa kwe-Speech To Text sizobaluleka, kodwa ukusebenzisa
Ama-algorithms wokuguqulwa kwe-AI aqagelayo angakhuphula kakhulu lesi sivinini.
Inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-bandwidth encane iyadingeka endaweni yokudlulisela
idatha.
Labo. Lesi simiso singasetshenziswa hhayi kuphela kwansuku zonke ezivamile
ezokuxhumana, kodwa futhi nokuxhumana kwezempi nebanga elide nokubambezeleka okude
(ukuxhumana emkhathini, i-interplanetary - Inyanga, iMars, njll. :)
Nakuba lokhu kuyincazelo yomqondo, empeleni, kwelinye lamaphrojekthi ethu kukhona kakade amaningana
I-prototype enalesi simiso isinezinyanga isetshenziswa.
Kodwa okuningi ngalokho ngokuzayo...
Source: www.habr.com