Lesi sihloko sizoqhathanisa amathuluzi okulondoloza, kodwa okokuqala kufanele uthole ukuthi abhekana kanjani ngokushesha nakahle nokubuyisela idatha evela kuzipele.
Ukuze kube lula ukuqhathanisa, sizocabangela ukubuyisela kusukela kusipele esigcwele, ikakhulukazi njengoba wonke amakhandidethi asekela le ndlela yokusebenza. Ukwenza kube lula, izinombolo sezivele zilinganiselwe (incazelo ye-arithmetic yokugijima okuningana). Imiphumela izofingqwa kuthebula, elizophinde libe nolwazi mayelana namakhono: ukuba khona kwesixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu, ukusethwa kalula nokusebenza, ikhono lokuzenzakalela, ukuba khona kwezici ezihlukahlukene ezengeziwe (isibonelo, ukuhlola ubuqotho bedatha) , njll. Amagrafu azobonisa umthwalo kuseva lapho idatha izosetshenziswa khona (hhayi iseva yokugcina amakhophi ayisipele).
Ukutholwa kwedatha
I-rsync ne-tar izosetshenziswa njengendawo eyinkomba kusukela lapho imibhalo elula yokwenza amakhophi ayisipele.
Rsync ibhekane nedatha yokuhlola esethwe emizuzwini emi-4 nemizuzwana engama-28, ikhombisa
umthwalo onjalo
Inqubo yokutakula ifinyelele umkhawulo wesistimu engaphansi yediski yeseva yokugcina isipele (amagrafu e-sawtooth). Ungabona futhi ukulayishwa kwe-kernel eyodwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga (i-iowait ephansi ne-softirq - azikho izinkinga ngediski nenethiwekhi, ngokulandelana). Njengoba ezinye izinhlelo ezimbili, okuyi-rdiff-backup ne-rsnapshot, zisekelwe ku-rsync futhi zinikeza i-rsync evamile njengethuluzi lokubuyisela, zizoba nephrofayili efanayo yokulayisha kanye nesikhathi sokubuyisela isipele.
I-Tar kwenze ngokushesha
Amaminithi angu-2 namasekhondi angu-43:
Isamba somthwalo wesistimu besiphezulu ngokwesilinganiso ngo-20% ngenxa yokwenyuka kwe-softirq - izindleko ze-overhead ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-subsystem yenethiwekhi zanda.
Uma ingobo yomlando icindezelwa ngokwengeziwe, isikhathi sokutakula siyakhuphuka sibe imizuzu emi-3 imizuzwana eyi-19.
ngomthwalo onjalo kuseva eyinhloko (ukuqaqa eceleni kweseva eyinhloko):
Inqubo ye-decompression ithatha womabili ama-processor cores ngoba kunezinqubo ezimbili ezisebenzayo. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuwumphumela olindelekile. Futhi, umphumela ofanayo (imizuzu engu-3 namasekhondi angu-20) utholwe ngenkathi kusetshenziswa i-gzip ohlangothini lweseva ngezipele; iphrofayela yokulayisha kuseva eyinhloko yayifana kakhulu nokusebenzisa itiyela ngaphandle kwe-gzip compressor (bona igrafu yangaphambilini).
Π rdiff-isipele ungavumelanisa isipele sokugcina osenze usebenzisa i-rsync evamile (imiphumela izofana), kodwa izipele ezindala zisadinga ukubuyiselwa kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwe-rdiff-backup, oluqede ukubuyisela ngemizuzu engu-17 nemizuzwana engu-17, lubonisa.
lo mthwalo:
Mhlawumbe lokhu kwakuhloswe, okungenani ukunciphisa isivinini sabalobi . Inqubo yokubuyisela ikhophi eyisipele ngokwayo ithatha ngaphansi kancane kwesigamu somongo owodwa, ngokusebenza okuqhathaniswayo ngokulinganayo (okungukuthi izikhathi ezingu-2-5 ukuhamba kancane) phezu kwediski kanye nenethiwekhi ene-rsync.
Isifinyezo Ukuze ululame, iphakamisa ukusebenzisa i-rsync evamile, ngakho imiphumela yayo izofana. Ngokuvamile, kwenzeka kanjena.
Ukubhoboza Ngiqedele umsebenzi wokubuyisela isipele ngemizuzu eyi-7 nemizuzwana emi-2 nge
ngalo mthwalo:
Isebenze ngokushesha, futhi okungenani ilula kakhulu kune-rsync emsulwa: awudingi ukukhumbula noma yimaphi amafulegi, isikhombimsebenzisi esilula nesinembile, ukusekelwa okwakhelwe ngaphakathi kwamakhophi amaningi - yize kuhamba kancane izikhathi ezimbili. Uma udinga ukubuyisela idatha kusuka kusipele sokugcina okwenzile, ungasebenzisa i-rsync, ngezixwayiso ezimbalwa.
Uhlelo lubonise cishe isivinini nomthwalo ofanayo IsipelePC lapho unika amandla imodi yokudlulisa i-rsync, kuthunyelwa isipele se
Imizuzu engu-7 namasekhondi angu-42:
Kodwa kumodi yokudlulisa idatha, i-BackupPC ibhekane netiyela kancane kancane: emizuzwini eyi-12 nemizuzwana eyi-15, umthwalo weprosesa wawuphansi kakhulu.
isikhathi esisodwa nengxenye:
inkohliso ngaphandle kokubethela kubonise imiphumela engcono kakhulu, ukubuyisela isipele ngemizuzu eyi-10 namasekhondi angama-58. Uma usebenzisa ukubethela usebenzisa i-gpg, isikhathi sokuthola kabusha siyakhuphuka sibe imizuzu eyi-15 nemizuzwana emi-3. Futhi, lapho udala inqolobane yokugcina amakhophi, ungacacisa usayizi wengobo yomlando ozosetshenziswa lapho kuhlukaniswa ukusakaza kwedatha engenayo. Ngokuvamile, kuma-hard drive avamile, futhi ngenxa yemodi yokusebenza enentambo eyodwa, awukho umehluko omkhulu. Ingase ibonakale kumasayizi ahlukene ebhulokhi lapho kusetshenziswa isitoreji esiyingxubevange. Umthwalo kuseva eyinhloko ngesikhathi sokululama ubumi kanje:
akukho ukubethela
ngokubethela
Impinda ikhombise izinga lokululama eliqhathanisekayo, iqede ngemizuzu eyi-13 nemizuzwana engama-45. Kuthathe cishe eminye imizuzu emi-5 ukuhlola ukunemba kwedatha etholiwe (inani eliphelele lemizuzu engaba ngu-19). Umthwalo wawunjalo
phezulu kakhulu:
Lapho ukubethela kwe-aes kunikwe amandla ngaphakathi, isikhathi sokutakula sasiyimizuzu engu-21 amasekhondi angu-40, nokusetshenziswa kwe-CPU kubukhulu bayo (kokubili ama-cores!) ngesikhathi sokululama; Lapho kuhlolwa idatha, uchungechunge olulodwa kuphela olwalusebenza, luthatha umongo wephrosesa owodwa. Ukuhlola idatha ngemva kokululama kuthathe amaminithi angu-5 afanayo (cishe imizuzu engama-27 isiyonke).
Umphumela
I-duplicati yayishesha kancane ngokululama lapho isebenzisa uhlelo lwe-gpg lwangaphandle lokubethela, kodwa ngokuvamile umehluko wemodi yangaphambilini mncane. Isikhathi sokusebenza bekuyimizuzu eyi-16 namasekhondi angama-30, nokuqinisekiswa kwedatha emizuzwini eyi-6. Umthwalo wawunjalo
ezifana:
AMANDA, usebenzisa i-tar, wayiqeda ngemizuzu emi-2 imizuzwana engu-49, okuyinto, ngokuyisisekelo, iseduze kakhulu netiyela evamile. Layisha ohlelweni ngokomgomo
okufanayo:
Lapho ubuyisela isipele usebenzisa zbackup imiphumela elandelayo itholakele:
ukubethela, ukucindezelwa kwe-lzma
Isikhathi sokugijima imizuzu eyi-11 nemizuzwana eyi-8
Ukubethela kwe-AES, ukucindezelwa kwe-lzma
Isikhathi sokusebenza imizuzu eyi-14
Ukubethela kwe-AES, ukucindezelwa kwe-lzo
Isikhathi sokugijima imizuzu eyi-6, imizuzwana eyi-19
Sekukonke, akukubi. Konke kuncike ngesivinini somprosesa kuseva yokusekelayo, engabonakala ngokucacile kusukela ngesikhathi sokusebenza kohlelo ngama-compressor ahlukene. Ngasohlangothini lweseva eyisipele, kwethulwa itiyela elivamile, ngakho-ke uma uyiqhathanisa nayo, ukululama kuhamba kancane izikhathi ezi-3. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi uhlole ukusebenza kumodi enezintambo eziningi, ngemicu engaphezu kwemibili.
I-BorgBackup kwimodi engabhalwanga yayihamba kancane kunetiyela, emizuzwini emi-2 imizuzwana engama-45, nokho, ngokungafani netiyela, kwaba nokwenzeka ukukopisha indawo yokugcina. Umthwalo uvele waba
Okulandelayo:
Uma unika amandla ukubethela okusekelwe ku-blake, isivinini sokuthola isipele sihamba kancane. Isikhathi sokubuyisela kule modi imizuzu emi-3 imizuzwana engu-19, futhi umthwalo usuhambile
kanje:
Ukubethela kwe-AES kuhamba kancane, isikhathi sokutakula imizuzu emi-3 imizuzwana engama-23, umthwalo ikakhulukazi
akukashintshile:
Njengoba i-Borg ingasebenza kumodi enezintambo eziningi, umthwalo weprosesa uphezulu, futhi uma imisebenzi eyengeziwe icushiwe, isikhathi sokusebenza sivele sikhuphuke. Ngokusobala, kufanelekile ukuhlola i-multithreading ngendlela efanayo ne-zbackup.
I-restic ukubhekana nokululama kancane kancane, isikhathi sokusebenza sasiyimizuzu emi-4 imizuzwana engama-28. Umthwalo wawubukeka
Ngakho:
Ngokusobala inqubo yokutakula isebenza emiculweni eminingana, kodwa ukusebenza kahle akuphakeme njengaleyo ye-BorgBackup, kodwa kuqhathaniswa ngesikhathi ne-rsync evamile.
Ngosizo luka urBackup Kwakungenzeka ukubuyisela idatha emaminithini angu-8 namasekhondi angu-19, umthwalo wawukhona
ezifana:
Umthwalo namanje awukabi phezulu kakhulu, ngisho ngaphansi kwalowo wetiyela. Kwezinye izindawo kukhona ukuqhuma, kodwa akukho ngaphezu komthwalo womgogodla owodwa.
Ukukhethwa nokulungiswa kwemibandela yokuqhathanisa
Njengoba kushiwo kwenye yezindatshana ezedlule, isistimu yokwenza isipele kufanele ihlangabezane nalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- Ukusebenziseka kalula
- Ukungafani
- Ukuzinza
- Ukushesha
Kuyafaneleka ukucabangela iphuzu ngalinye ngokwehlukana ngokuningiliziwe.
Ukusebenza kalula
Kungcono uma kunenkinobho eyodwa "Yenza konke kahle," kodwa uma ubuyela ezinhlelweni zangempela, into elula kakhulu izoba isimiso esijwayelekile nesijwayelekile sokusebenza.
Abasebenzisi abaningi cishe bazoba ngcono uma kungadingeki bakhumbule inqwaba yokhiye be-cli, balungise inqwaba yezinketho ezihlukene, ngokuvamile ezingacacile ngewebhu noma nge-tui, noma bamise izaziso mayelana nokusebenza okungaphumeleli. Lokhu kuphinde kuhlanganise nekhono "lokufaka" kalula isixazululo esiyisipele kungqalasizinda ekhona, kanye nokuzenzakalela kwenqubo yokwenza isipele. Kukhona futhi ithuba lokufakwa kusetshenziswa umphathi wephakeji, noma kumyalo owodwa noma emibili njengokuthi βlanda futhi ukhipheβ. curl ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ° | sudo bash - indlela eyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba udinga ukuhlola ukuthi yini efika ngesixhumanisi.
Isibonelo, kumakhandidethi acatshangelwayo, isisombululo esilula i-burp, i-rdiff-backup ne-restic, enokhiye we-mnemonic wezindlela zokusebenza ezahlukene. Okuyinkimbinkimbi kancane yi-borg kanye nokuphindaphinda. Okwakunzima kakhulu kwakungu-AMANDA. Abanye basendaweni ethile phakathi ngokuphathelene nokusebenziseka kalula. Kunoma yikuphi, uma udinga imizuzwana engaphezu kwengu-30 ukuze ufunde incwadi yomsebenzisi, noma udinga ukuya ku-Google noma enye injini yokusesha, futhi upheqa ngeshidi elide losizo, isinqumo sinzima, ngandlela thile.
Abanye bamakhandidethi abacatshangelwayo bayakwazi ukuthumela umlayezo ngokuzenzakalelayo nge-e-mailjabber, kuyilapho abanye bethembele kuzixwayiso ezimisiwe ohlelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izixazululo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuvamile azinazo izilungiselelo ezisobala ngokuphelele zokuxwayisa. Kunoma yikuphi, uma uhlelo lokusekelayo lukhiqiza ikhodi yokubuyisela okungeyona i-zero, ezoqondwa kahle yisevisi yesistimu yemisebenzi yesikhathi esithile (umlayezo uzothunyelwa kumphathi wesistimu noma ngokuqondile ekuqaphelweni) - isimo silula. Kodwa uma isistimu yokusekelayo, engasebenzi kuseva yokusekelayo, ayikwazi ukulungiselelwa, indlela ecacile yokusho ngenkinga ukuthi ukuyinkimbinkimbi sekuvele kudlulele. Kunoma ikuphi, ukukhipha izexwayiso neminye imilayezo kuphela kusixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu noma kulogi kuwumkhuba omubi, njengoba ezikhathini eziningi zizoshaywa indiva.
Ngokuqondene ne-automation, uhlelo olulula lungakwazi ukufunda okuguquguqukayo kwemvelo okusetha imodi yayo yokusebenza, noma ine-cli ethuthukisiwe engakwazi ukuphindaphinda ngokuphelele ukuziphatha lapho isebenza ngokusebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi sewebhu, isibonelo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokwenzeka kokusebenza okuqhubekayo, ukutholakala kwamathuba okwandisa, njll.
Ukungafani
Ukunanela ngokwengxenye isigatshana sangaphambilini esiphathelene nokuzenzakalela, akufanele kube inkinga ethile βukufakaβ inqubo yokusekelayo nengqalasizinda ekhona.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamachweba angewona ajwayelekile (kahle, ngaphandle kwesixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu) emsebenzini, ukuqaliswa kokubethela ngendlela engajwayelekile, ukushintshaniswa kwedatha kusetshenziswa umthetho olandelwayo ongajwayelekile kuyizimpawu zokungewona. -isixazululo sendawo yonke. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, wonke amakhandidethi banawo ngendlela eyodwa noma enye ngesizathu esisobala: ubulula nokuguquguquka ngokuvamile akuhambisani ndawonye. Ngokuhlukile - i-burp, kukhona abanye.
Njengophawu - amandla okusebenza usebenzisa i-ssh evamile.
Isivinini somsebenzi
Iphuzu eliphikisana kakhulu neliyimpikiswano. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sethule inqubo, yasebenza ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ayizange iphazamise imisebenzi eyinhloko. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona ukwanda kwethrafikhi nomthwalo weprosesa ngesikhathi sokulondoloza. Kuhle futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi izinhlelo ezishesha kakhulu zokwenza amakhophi ngokuvamile zimpofu kakhulu ngokwemisebenzi ebalulekile kubasebenzisi. Futhi: uma ukuze uthole ifayela elilodwa lombhalo elineshwa lamashumi amaningana amabhayithi ngosayizi ngephasiwedi, futhi ngenxa yalokho izindleko zesevisi (yebo, yebo, ngiyaqonda ukuthi inqubo yokusekelayo ngokuvamile akufanele ibekwe icala lapha), futhi udinga ukufunda kabusha ngokulandelana kwawo wonke amafayela endaweni yokugcina noma wandise yonke ingobo yomlando - isistimu yokusekelayo ayisheshi neze. Elinye iphuzu elivame ukuba yisikhubekiso ijubane lokuthumela ikhophi yasenqolobaneni kusuka kungobo yomlando. Kukhona inzuzo ecacile lapha kulabo abangakwazi ukukopisha noma ukuhambisa amafayela endaweni efiselekayo ngaphandle kokukhohlisa okuningi (i-rsync, isibonelo), kodwa ngokuvamile inkinga kufanele ixazululwe ngendlela yenhlangano, ngokunamandla: ngokulinganisa isikhathi sokubuyisela isipele. futhi yazisa ngokukhululekile abasebenzisi ngalokhu.
Ukuzinza
Kufanele kuqondwe ngale ndlela: ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele ukwazi ukubuyisela ikhophi yokusekelayo nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele imelane nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene: ukuphazamiseka kwenethiwekhi, ukwehluleka kwediski, ukususwa kwengxenye inqolobane.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwamathuluzi okulondoloza
Kopisha isikhathi sokudala
Kopisha isikhathi sokutakula
Ukufakwa okulula
Ukusetha okulula
Ukusetshenziswa okulula
I-automation elula
Ingabe udinga iseva yeklayenti?
Ihlola ubuqotho benqolobane
Amakhophi ahlukene
Ukusebenza ngepayipi
Ukungafani
Ukuzimela
Inqolobane obala
Ukubethela
Ukucindezela
Ukuphindaphinda
Isixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu
Egcwalisa ifu
Ukusekelwa kweWindows
Isikolo
Rsync
4 m15s
4 m28s
yebo
akukho
akukho
akukho
yebo
akukho
akukho
yebo
akukho
yebo
yebo
akukho
akukho
akukho
akukho
akukho
yebo
6
I-Tar
okumsulwa
3 m12s
2 m43s
yebo
akukho
akukho
akukho
akukho
akukho
yebo
yebo
akukho
yebo
akukho
akukho
akukho
akukho
akukho
akukho
yebo
8,5
gzip
9 m37s
3 m19s
yebo
Rdiff-isipele
16 m26s
17 m17s
yebo
yebo
yebo
yebo
yebo
akukho
yebo
akukho
yebo
akukho
yebo
akukho
yebo
yebo
yebo
akukho
yebo
11
Isifinyezo
4 m19s
4 m28s
yebo
yebo
yebo
yebo
akukho
akukho
yebo
akukho
yebo
akukho
yebo
akukho
akukho
yebo
yebo
akukho
yebo
12,5
Ukubhoboza
11 m9s
7 m2s
yebo
akukho
yebo
yebo
yebo
yebo
yebo
akukho
yebo
yebo
akukho
akukho
yebo
akukho
yebo
akukho
yebo
10,5
inkohliso
akukho ukubethela
16 m48s
10 m58s
yebo
yebo
akukho
yebo
akukho
yebo
yebo
akukho
akukho
yebo
akukho
yebo
yebo
akukho
yebo
akukho
yebo
11
i-gpg
17 m27s
15 m3s
Impinda
akukho ukubethela
20 m28s
13 m45s
akukho
yebo
akukho
akukho
akukho
yebo
yebo
akukho
akukho
yebo
akukho
yebo
yebo
yebo
yebo
yebo
yebo
11
aes
29 m41s
21 m40s
i-gpg
26 m19s
16 m30s
zbackup
akukho ukubethela
40 m3s
11 m8s
yebo
yebo
akukho
akukho
akukho
yebo
yebo
yebo
akukho
yebo
akukho
yebo
yebo
yebo
akukho
akukho
akukho
10
aes
42 m0s
14 m1s
ez+lzo
18 m9s
6 m19s
I-BorgBackup
akukho ukubethela
4 m7s
2 m45s
yebo
yebo
yebo
yebo
yebo
yebo
yebo
yebo
yebo
yebo
akukho
yebo
yebo
yebo
yebo
akukho
yebo
16
aes
4 m58s
3 m23s
blake2
4 m39s
3 m19s
I-restic
5 m38s
4 m28s
yebo
yebo
yebo
yebo
akukho
yebo
yebo
yebo
yebo
yebo
akukho
yebo
akukho
yebo
akukho
yebo
yebo
15,5
urBackup
8 m21s
8 m19s
yebo
yebo
yebo
akukho
yebo
akukho
yebo
akukho
yebo
yebo
akukho
yebo
yebo
yebo
yebo
akukho
yebo
12
Amanda
9 m3s
2 m49s
yebo
akukho
akukho
yebo
yebo
yebo
yebo
akukho
yebo
yebo
yebo
yebo
yebo
akukho
yebo
yebo
yebo
13
IsipelePC
rsync
12 m22s
7 m42s
yebo
akukho
yebo
yebo
yebo
yebo
yebo
akukho
yebo
akukho
akukho
yebo
yebo
akukho
yebo
akukho
yebo
10,5
i-tar
12 m34s
12 m15s
Inganekwane yethebula:
- Okuluhlaza, isikhathi sokusebenza esingaphansi kwemizuzu emihlanu, noma phendula ngokuthi βYeboβ (ngaphandle kwekholomu ethi βUdinga iseva yeklayenti?β), iphoyinti eli-1
- Okuphuzi, isikhathi sokusebenza imizuzu emihlanu kuya kweyishumi, amaphuzu angu-0.5
- Okubomvu, isikhathi somsebenzi singaphezu kwemizuzu eyishumi, noma impendulo ithi βChaβ (ngaphandle kwekholomu ethi βIngabe udinga iseva yeklayenti?β), amaphuzu angu-0
Ngokwethebula elingenhla, ithuluzi elilula, elisheshayo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo elilula nelinamandla lokusekela ithuluzi yi-BorgBackup. I-Restic ithathe indawo yesibili, bonke abanye abakhethiwe babekwe cishe ngokulingana nokusabalala kwephuzu elilodwa noma amabili ekugcineni.
Ngibonga wonke umuntu ofunde uchungechunge kuze kube sekugcineni, ngiyakumema ukuthi nixoxe ngezinketho futhi ninikeze ezakho, uma zikhona. Njengoba ingxoxo iqhubeka, ithebula linganwetshwa.
Umphumela wochungechunge uzoba isihloko sokugcina, lapho kuzoba nomzamo wokuthuthukisa ithuluzi lokusekelayo elifanele, elisheshayo nelilawulekayo elikuvumela ukuthi uthumele ikhophi emuva ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye kube lula futhi kube lula. ukulungisa nokugcina.
Isimemezelo
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Source: www.habr.com