Usuku oluhle kubo bonke! Ngingathanda ukunikezela indatshana yami yokuqala nge-habr esihlokweni esithakazelisa kakhulu - i-RIPE Atlas Internet quality control system. Ingxenye yomkhakha wami engithakaselayo iphathelene nocwaningo lwe-inthanethi noma i-inthanethi (igama elithola ukuduma ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi emibuthanweni yesayensi). Kunenqwaba yezinto ku-RIPE Atlas ku-inthanethi, okuhlanganisa ne-habr, kodwa zibonakale zingaphelele ngokwanele kimi. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, i-athikili ibisebenzisa imininingwane evela kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni nemicabango yami.
Esikhundleni sesandulelo
Umbhalisi we-inthanethi wesifunda (RIR), umsebenzi wakhe ohlanganisa i-Europe, Central Asia kanye ne-Middle East, yi-RIPE NCC (RΓ©seaux IP EuropΓ©ens Network Coordination Center). I-RIPE NCC yinhlangano engenzi nzuzo ezinze eNetherlands. Isekela i-inthanethi. Ihlinzeka ngamakheli e-IP nezinombolo zesistimu ezizimele kubahlinzeki bendawo be-inthanethi nezinhlangano ezinkulu.
Eminye yemiklamo ephambili ye-RIPE NCC okuhloswe ngayo ukucwaninga isimo se-inthanethi i-RIPE Atlas (eyaqala ngasekupheleni kuka-2010), okwakuwushintsho lwe-Test Traffic Measurement Service, eyayeka ukusebenza ngo-2014.
I-RIPE Atlas inethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke yezinzwa ezikala ngenkuthalo isimo se-inthanethi. Njengamanje kunezinkulungwane zezinzwa kunethiwekhi ye-RIPE Atlas futhi inombolo yazo ikhula njalo. I-RIPE NCC ihlanganisa idatha eqoqiwe futhi iyenze itholakale mahhala kubasebenzisi ngendlela elula.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwenethiwekhi kwenzeka ngomgomo wokufakwa ngokuzithandela kwezinzwa ngabasebenzisi kwingqalasizinda yabo, lapho "izikweletu" zikhishwa khona, ezingasetshenziselwa ukufeza izilinganiso zentshisekelo usebenzisa ezinye izinzwa.
Ngokuvamile i-RIPE Atlas isetshenziswa:
- ukuqapha ukutholakala kwenethiwekhi yakho kusuka kumaphuzu ahlukahlukene ku-inthanethi;
- ukuze uphenye futhi uxazulule inethiwekhi yakho ngokuhlolwa kokuxhumeka okusheshayo, okuguquguqukayo;
- ohlelweni lokuqapha lwenethiwekhi yakho;
- ukuqapha ukutholakala kwengqalasizinda ye-DNS;
- Ukuhlolwa kokuxhumeka kwe-IPv6.
I-RIPE Atlas
Njengoba ngike ngasho, i-RIPE Atlas iwuhlelo lwezinzwa ezitholakala ku-inthanethi futhi zingaphansi kokulawulwa okukodwa kokuphatha. Ngaphezu kwezinzwa ezivamile (Ama-Probes), kukhona athuthuke kakhulu - amahange (Amahange).
Kusukela maphakathi no-2020, uhlelo lwe-RIPE Atlas lunezinzwa ezisebenzayo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-11 namahange asebenzayo angaphezu kuka-650, ahlanganisa akhiqiza izilinganiso ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-25 futhi athole imiphumela engaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-10 ngomzuzwana.
Amagrafu angezansi abonisa ukukhula kwenani lezinzwa namahange.
Futhi izibalo ezilandelayo zibonisa imephu Yomhlaba ekhombisa indawo yezinzwa namahange, ngokulandelana.
Ngaphandle kwesimo sesifunda se-RIPE NCC, inethiwekhi ye-RIPE Atlas ihlanganisa cishe umhlaba wonke, neRussia iphezulu 5 ngokwenani lezinzwa ezifakiwe (568), kanye neJalimane (1562), USA (1440), France. (925) kanye ne-UK (610).
Lawula amaseva
Lapho kufundwa ukusebenza kwenzwa, kutholwe ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile (njalo ngemizuzu emi-4) ihlola ukuxhumana nezinye izinto kunethiwekhi, okuhlanganisa amaseva ezimpande ze-DNS namanodi anamagama esizinda njenge-βctr-sin02.atlas.ripe.netβ , ngiyakholwa ukuthi, okuyiziphakeli zokulawula zenethiwekhi ye-RIPE Atlas.
Angizange ngithole ulwazi mayelana namaseva okulawula kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni, kodwa kungacatshangwa ukuthi imisebenzi yabo ihlanganisa ukulawula izinzwa, kanye nokuhlanganisa nokucubungula idatha. Uma ukuqagela kwami ββββkulungile, khona-ke kukhona okungenani amaseva okulawula ayi-6, okuthi 2 kuwo atholakala e-USA, 2 eNetherlands, 1 eJalimane, 1 eSingapore. IPort 443 ivulekile kuwo wonke amaseva.
Uma kukhona onolwazi olwengeziwe mayelana neziphakeli zokulawula zenethiwekhi ye-RIPE Atlas, sicela ucacise le nkinga.
Ukuzwa
Inzwa ye-RIPE Atlas iyidivayisi encane (TP-Link 3020) enikwa amandla yi-USB futhi ixhuma embobeni ye-Ethernet yomzila isebenzisa intambo yenethiwekhi. Kuye ngemodeli, inzwa ingaba ne-chipset ye-Atheros AR9331, 400 MHz, 4 MB flash kanye no-32 MB RAM noma i-MediaNek MT7628NN chipset, 575 MHz, 8 MB flash kanye ne-RAM engu-64 MB.
Ihange
I-armature iyinzwa ethuthukisiwe esebenza kahle kakhulu nekhono lokulinganisa. Kuyidivayisi ekwinguqulo evamile engu-19-intshi kuplathifomu yehadiwe ye-APU2C2 noma ye-APU2E2 enephrosesa engu-4-core 1 GHz, 2 GB we-RAM, izimbobo ezingu-3 ze-Gigabit Ethernet kanye nedrayivu ye-SSD engu-250 GB. .
Ukufakwa nokuphathwa kwenzwa
Njengoba bese ngishilo, izinzwa zisakazwa mahhala ngenhloso yokuzifaka kungqalasizinda yakho. Uma ucela inzwa, khombisa izwe, idolobha kanye nenombolo yohlelo oluzimele lapho izotholakala khona. Ekuphenduleni isicelo sami, i-RIPE NCC ithumele umlayezo olandelayo.
Ngeshwa, isicelo sakho asihlangabezani nenqubo yethu yokuthola inzwa yezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ngalesi sikhathi. Yize inhloso yethu kuwukusabalalisa izinzwa ze-RIPE Atlas kabanzi ngangokunokwenzeka, kubonakala sengathi sekuvele kunamadivayisi anele axhunyiwe phakathi kwe-ASN oyicacisile, inethiwekhi ofake kuyo isicelo, noma izwe ofake kulo isicelo.
Ayikho inkinga. Kulesi simo, ungafaka inzwa yesofthiwe, isibonelo, emshinini we-virtual, iseva yasekhaya noma umzila - akukho mingcele endaweni kanye nesistimu yokuzimela. I-CentOS, i-Debian, i-Raspbian ne-Turris OS iyasekelwa. Ukuze usebenzise, ββudinga ukulanda futhi ufake isofthiwe efanele, isibonelo kusuka .
Ukufaka inzwa yesofthiwe kulula kakhulu. Isibonelo, ukufaka ku-CentOS 8 udinga ukusebenzisa imiyalo elandelayo:
curl -O 'https://ftp.ripe.net/ripe/atlas/software-probe/centos8/noarch/ripe-atlas-repo-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm'yum install ripe-atlas-repo-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm
futhi ubhalise inzwa, kulokhu kufanele unikeze ukhiye we-SSH, otholakala ku /var/atlas-probe/etc/probe_key.pub, futhi ukhombise inombolo yohlelo oluzimele kanye nedolobha lakho. Incwadi isikhumbuza isidingo sokukhomba kahle indawo yenzwa.
Ukuphathwa kwezinzwa kukhawulelwe ekhonweni lokwabelana ngensiza yokulinganisa nabanye abasebenzisi, ukulungisa izaziso zesikhathi sokuphumula, kanye nezilungiselelo zenethiwekhi ezijwayelekile (ikheli, isango elizenzakalelayo, njll.).
Izilinganiso
Ekugcineni safika ekuthatheni izilinganiso. Ukusetha imisebenzi yokulinganisa kwenziwa ku-akhawunti yakho yomuntu siqu. Ungabona futhi imiphumela lapho.
Ukwakha umsebenzi wokulinganisa uqukethe izinyathelo ezintathu: ukukhetha uhlobo lokulinganisa, ukukhetha inzwa, ukukhetha isikhathi sokulinganisa.
Izilinganiso zingaba yilezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo: i-ping, i-traceroute, i-DNS, i-SSL, i-HTTP, i-NTP. Izilungiselelo ezinemininingwane zohlobo oluthile lokulinganisa, ngaphandle kwalezo eziqondene nephrothokholi ethile noma insizakalo, zifaka: ikheli eliqondiwe, iphrothokholi yesendlalelo senethiwekhi, inani lamaphakethe esilinganisweni nesikhathi phakathi kwezilinganiso, usayizi wephakethe nesikhathi phakathi kwamaphakethe, izinga lokushintshwa okungahleliwe isikhathi sokuqala sokuthumela amaphakethe.
Izinzwa zingakhethwa yisihlonzi sazo noma izwe lendawo, isifunda, isistimu ezimele, ithegi, njll.
Isikhathi sokulinganisa sisethwa yizikhathi zokuqala nezokugcina.
Imiphumela yokulinganisa iyatholakala kuwebhusayithi ku-akhawunti yakho yomuntu siqu, engatholwa ngefomethi ye-json. Ngokuvamile, imiphumela yokulinganisa iyizinkomba zobuningi ezibonisa ukutholakala kwendawo ethile noma isevisi.
Kumsebenzisi, amathuba okulinganisa ethulwa ebangeni elibanzi kodwa elilinganiselwe kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kusobala ukuthi amakhono ohlelo abandakanya ukukhiqizwa kwamaphakethe cishe noma yikuphi ukucushwa, okuvula amathuba abanzi kakhulu okulinganisa isimo se-Intanethi.
Ngezansi isibonelo semiphumela eluhlaza evela esilinganisweni esisodwa kusetshenziswa izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo. Ezilinganisweni ezifana ne-ping, traceroute ne-SSL, ikheli le-IP le-habr.com likhethwe njengokuhlosiwe, i-DNS kwakuyikheli le-IP leseva ye-Google DNS, i-NTP kwakuyikheli le-IP leseva ye-NTP ethi ntp1.stratum2.ru. Zonke izilinganiso zisebenzise inzwa eyodwa etholakala eVladivostok.
I-Ping
[{"fw":4790,"lts":18,"dst_name":"178.248.237.68","af":4,"dst_addr":"178.248.237.68","src_addr":"192.168.0.10","proto":"ICMP","ttl":55,"size":48,"result":[{"rtt":122.062873},{"rtt":121.775641},{"rtt":121.807897}],"dup":0,"rcvd":3,"sent":3,"min":121.775641,"max":122.062873,"avg":121.882137,"msm_id":26273241,"prb_id":4428,"timestamp":1594622562,"msm_name":"Ping","from":"5.100.99.178","type":"ping","group_id":26273241,"step":null,"stored_timestamp":1594622562}]Traceroute
[{"fw":4790,"lts":19,"endtime":1594622643,"dst_name":"178.248.237.68","dst_addr":"178.248.237.68","src_addr":"192.168.0.10","proto":"ICMP","af":4,"size":48,"paris_id":1,"result":[{"hop":1,"result":[{"from":"192.168.0.1","ttl":64,"size":76,"rtt":7.49},{"from":"192.168.0.1","ttl":64,"size":76,"rtt":1.216},{"from":"192.168.0.1","ttl":64,"size":76,"rtt":1.169}]},{"hop":2,"result":[{"from":"5.100.98.1","ttl":254,"size":28,"rtt":1.719},{"from":"5.100.98.1","ttl":254,"size":28,"rtt":1.507},{"from":"5.100.98.1","ttl":254,"size":28,"rtt":1.48}]},---DATA OMITED---,{"hop":10,"result":[{"from":"178.248.237.68","ttl":55,"size":48,"rtt":121.891},{"from":"178.248.237.68","ttl":55,"size":48,"rtt":121.873},{"from":"178.248.237.68","ttl":55,"size":48,"rtt":121.923}]}],"msm_id":26273246,"prb_id":4428,"timestamp":1594622637,"msm_name":"Traceroute","from":"5.100.99.178","type":"traceroute","group_id":26273246,"stored_timestamp":1594622649}]DNS
[{"fw":4790,"lts":146,"dst_addr":"8.8.8.8","af":4,"src_addr":"192.168.0.10","proto":"UDP","result":{"rt":174.552,"size":42,"abuf":"5BGAgAABAAEAAAAABGhhYnIDY29tAAABAAHADAABAAEAAAcmAASy+O1E","ID":58385,"ANCOUNT":1,"QDCOUNT":1,"NSCOUNT":0,"ARCOUNT":0},"msm_id":26289620,"prb_id":4428,"timestamp":1594747880,"msm_name":"Tdig","from":"5.100.99.178","type":"dns","group_id":26289620,"stored_timestamp":1594747883}]I-SSL
[{"fw":4790,"lts":63,"dst_name":"178.248.237.68","dst_port":"443","method":"TLS","ver":"1.2","dst_addr":"178.248.237.68","af":4,"src_addr":"192.168.0.10","ttc":106.920213,"rt":219.948332,"cert":["-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----nMIIGJzCCBQ+gAwIBAg ---DATA OMITED--- yd/teRCBaho1+Vn-----END CERTIFICATE-----"],"msm_id":26289611,"prb_id":4428,"timestamp":1594747349,"msm_name":"SSLCert","from":"5.100.99.178","type":"sslcert","group_id":26289611,"stored_timestamp":1594747352}]NTP
[{"fw":4790,"lts":72,"dst_name":"88.147.254.230","dst_addr":"88.147.254.230","src_addr":"192.168.0.10","proto":"UDP","af":4,"li":"no","version":4,"mode":"server","stratum":2,"poll":8,"precision":0.0000076294,"root-delay":0.000518799,"root-dispersion":0.0203094,"ref-id":"5893fee5","ref-ts":3803732581.5476198196,"result":[{"origin-ts":3803733082.3982748985,"receive-ts":3803733082.6698465347,"transmit-ts":3803733082.6698560715,"final-ts":3803733082.5099263191,"rtt":0.111643,"offset":-0.21575},{"origin-ts":3803733082.5133042336,"receive-ts":3803733082.7847337723,"transmit-ts":3803733082.7847442627,"final-ts":3803733082.6246700287,"rtt":0.111355,"offset":-0.215752},{"origin-ts":3803733082.6279149055,"receive-ts":3803733082.899283886,"transmit-ts":3803733082.8992962837,"final-ts":3803733082.7392635345,"rtt":0.111337,"offset":-0.2157}],"msm_id":26289266,"prb_id":4428,"timestamp":1594744282,"msm_name":"Ntp","from":"5.100.99.178","type":"ntp","group_id":26289266,"stored_timestamp":1594744289}]isiphetho
Inethiwekhi ye-RIPE Atlas iyithuluzi elikahle elikuvumela ukuthi uqaphe ukutholakala kwezinto nezinsizakalo ku-inthanethi maduze nje.
Idatha ekhiqizwe inethiwekhi ye-RIPE Atlas ingaba wusizo kubaqhubi bezingcingo, abacwaningi, umphakathi wezobuchwepheshe nanoma ubani onentshisekelo ngempilo ye-inthanethi futhi ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe mayelana nezakhiwo zenethiwekhi eziyisisekelo kanye nokugeleza kwedatha okusekela i-inthanethi emhlabeni wonke. .
I-PS RIPE Atlas ayiyona yodwa ngohlobo lwayo, kukhona ama-analogues, isibonelo .
Source: www.habr.com