I-BITBLAZE Sirius 8022LH
Hhayi kudala thina ukuthi inkampani yasekhaya ithuthukise uhlelo lokugcina idatha ku-Elbrus ngezinga lendawo le> 90%. Sikhuluma ngenkampani yakwa-Omsk Promobit, ekwazile ukuzuza ukufakwa kohlelo lwayo lokugcina lwe-Bitblaze Sirius 8000 kuRejista Ehlanganisiwe Yemikhiqizo Ye-Radio-Electronic yaseRussia ngaphansi koMnyango Wezimboni Nezohwebo.
Indaba yasusa ingxoxo kumazwana. Abafundi bebenentshisekelo emininingwaneni yokuthuthukiswa kwesistimu, ama-nuances wokubala izinga lendawo, kanye nomlando wokwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zokugcina. Ukuze siphendule le mibuzo, sixoxisane nenhloko ye-Promobit, uMaxim Koposov.
Maxim, sicela usitshele ukuthi uwuqhamuke nini futhi kanjani ngomqondo wokudala uhlelo lwesitoreji sasekhaya olususelwe kumaphrosesa ase-Russian Elbrus?
Uyazi, saqala ukuthuthukisa isistimu yethu yokugcina idatha ngisho nangaphambi kokuvela kwe-Elbrus. Kwakuyisistimu yokugcina evamile eyayisebenza kuma-Intel processors. Ungafunda okwengeziwe ngale phrojekthi ku-RBC.
Cishe ngo-2013, ngabona isethulo sevidiyo sephrosesa ye-Elbrus, eyayiqhutshwa u-Konstantin Trushkin, uMqondisi Wezokumaketha we-MCST JSC. Ngezwa ukuthi le nkampani yakha iphrosesa yasekhaya emuva kuma-90s noma ekuqaleni kwawo-2000s. Kodwa-ke kwakuyizindaba nje; ngangingacabangi ukuthi iphrojekthi izofezeka.
Ngemva kokuqiniseka ukuthi iphrosesa yayingokoqobo futhi ingathengwa, ngabhalela abaphathi be-MCST JSC ngesicelo sokuthumela isipho sezentengiso. Ngemva kokuxoxa ngemininingwane, umenzi we-Elbrus wavuma ukubambisana.
Kungani nginentshisekelo kuphrosesa yaseRussia? Iqiniso liwukuthi amasistimu asekhaya asekelwe ezingxenyeni ezingenisiwe, kuhlanganise ne-Intel processors, kunzima kakhulu ukuthengisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona imakethe yezinkampani, osekuyisikhathi eside ijwayele imikhiqizo ye-HP, IBM nezinye izinkampani zangaphandle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezixazululo zamaShayina ezingabizi ezidingekayo phakathi kwamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo.
Ngemva kokufunda nge-Elbrus, ngacabanga ukuthi uhlelo lokugcina olusekelwe kule chip lungathatha indawo yalo futhi luthole abathengi abavela kuhulumeni kanye nomkhakha wezokuvikela. Okusho ukuthi, labo okubaluleke kakhulu kubo ukusebenzisa iplatifomu ethembekile, ngaphandle kwe-Hardware noma "amabhukumaka" wesoftware namandla angadalulwanga. Ngake ngabheka ukuguquguquka kwesabelomali soMnyango Wezokuvikela wezwe futhi ngabona ukuthi umthamo wesabelomali wawukhula kancane kancane. Imali yaqala ukutshalwa kwidijithali, ukuphepha kolwazi, njll., ishiya ngokuphelele noma ingxenye yezinhlelo zokugcinwa kwamanye amazwe nezinye izinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi.
Ngakho futhi , nokho, hhayi ngokushesha. Ngokuvumelana ne Uhulumeni Wenhlangano YaseRussia wangomhla zingama-21 kuZibandlela 2019 No. 1746 “Ekusunguleni ukuvinjelwa kokwamukelwa kwezinhlobo ezithile zezimpahla ezivela emazweni angaphandle kanye nokwethula izichibiyelo ezenzweni ezithile zikaHulumeni Wenhlangano YaseRussia”, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuphepha kwengqalasizinda yolwazi olubalulekile (CII) yeRussian Federation, okubandakanya ukusetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni kwamaphrojekthi kazwelonke, ukuvinjelwa kokufinyelela ekuthengeni isoftware yangaphandle kanye nezinhlelo zehadiwe kwethulwa iminyaka emibili. Okungukuthi, amasistimu okugcina idatha (“Amadivayisi okugcina kanye namanye amadivaysi okugcina idatha”).
Ngithanda ukuqaphela ukuthi saqala umsebenzi kudala ngaphambi kokuba wonke umuntu aqale ukukhuluma ngokushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-2011-2012, kwashiwo ezindlini eziphakeme ukuthi ukushintshwa kwamanye amazwe ezimbonini eziningi, okuhlanganisa ne-electronics, kwakungafanele kulandelwe. Sidinga ukusungula izinto ezintsha, hhayi impinda yalokho abanye asebedlule kukho. Ngaleso sikhathi, igama elithi “import substitution” lalinomqondo omubi, sazama ukungalisebenzisi.
Siqhubekile nokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zasekhaya, sibheka lokhu njengento elungile okumele yenziwe. Ngakho-ke, uma othile ethi siqale umsebenzi kuphela ngemva kokuba ukushintshwa kwamanye amazwe sekuphenduke inkambiso ekhuphukayo, akunjalo.
Sitshele kabanzi mayelana nenqubo yokuthuthukisa
Umsebenzi ekwakhiweni kwesistimu yokugcina uchungechunge lwe-Bitblaze Sirius 8000 waqala ngo-2016. Sabe sesifaka isicelo somncintiswano woMnyango Wezimboni Nezohwebo. Isinqumo sangomhla ziyi-17 kuNhlolanja wezi-2016, esichaza lo mncintiswano, sinesihloko eside: “Enhlanganweni yomsebenzi eMnyangweni Wezimboni Nezohwebo weRussian Federation ukwenza ukhetho oluncintisanayo lwelungelo lokuthola uxhaso kwisabelomali sombuso. Izinhlangano zaseRussia ukubuyisela ingxenye yezindleko zokwenza isisekelo sesayensi nezobuchwepheshe sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo bokukhiqiza izinto ezibalulekile ze-elekthronikhi kanye nemishini ye-radio-electronic ngaphakathi kohlaka lohlelo lukahulumeni lwe-Russian Federation "Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-electronic and imboni ye-radio-electronic ka-2013–2025.”
Siphakamise uhlelo lwebhizinisi oluningiliziwe, olunemininingwane enemininingwane yobuchwepheshe nezomnotho eMnyangweni Wezimboni Nohwebo. Basitshele ukuthi yini ngempela esifuna ukuyithuthukisa, iyiphi imakethe esithembele kuyo nokuthi sibona obani njengabalaleli okuhlosiwe. Ngenxa yalokho, uMnyango Wezimboni Nohwebo usayine isivumelwano nathi, futhi saqala intuthuko.
Iphrojekthi ibingehlukile neze kwamanye amaphrojekthi wokuthuthukisa inkundla yehadiwe. Okokuqala, sahlanganisa amaqembu amaningana onjiniyela, abahleli bohlelo kanye nabanye ochwepheshe. Esigabeni sokuqala, sidale isisombululo se-prototype, lapho amaqembu amaningana asebenza ngokufana. Sihlole izinketho ezahlukene zesofthiwe sabe sesenza izakhiwo ezintathu ezinezici ezihlukene.
Njengomphumela, sikhethe inketho esivumele ukuthi sithathe indlela yokukala okuvundlile yesistimu yokugcina idatha. Imakethe isanda kuthuthukiswa ngale ndlela. Ukukala okuvundlile bekuyimpendulo kuvolumu ehlala ikhula yedatha phakathi kwabasebenzisi besitoreji. Kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwandisa umthamo wesikhungo sedatha ngesitoreji.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinye izakhiwo ezimbili nakho akubanga yize - sizisebenzisa kwamanye amaphrojekthi.
Ibuphi ubunzima obavela ngesikhathi kuqaliswa iphrojekthi yokwakha uhlelo lwesitoreji sasekhaya?
Ngokuvamile, izinkinga zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezimbili: ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe kanye ne-hardware. Ngokuqondene nesoftware, kubhalwe inani elikhulu lezincwadi nezindatshana ezahlukahlukene mayelana nalokhu, kithina akukho okuhlukile kulokhu.
Ngokombono we-hardware, yonke into iyathakazelisa kakhulu. Kwavela ubunzima kakade esigabeni sokuklama icala. Sasidinga ukwakha yonke into kusukela ekuqaleni. Nokho, njengoba singabambiqhaza kuphrojekthi yoMnyango Wezimboni Nezohwebo, kufanele sisebenzisane nochwepheshe basekhaya. Ochwepheshe abangasisiza baqashwe kakhulu ezinkampanini zezempi nezimboni. Kunzima kakhulu ukwakha ubudlelwano nabo ngokombono webhizinisi, njengoba sikhuluma izilimi ezahlukene. Babejwayele ukusebenza namakhasimende afana nohulumeni kanye namasosha; babengasijwayele kakhulu ekuqaleni. Kwasithatha isikhathi eside ukuthi sijwayelene.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinhlangano zikahulumeni kanye namabhizinisi baqala ukumisa iminyango yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yabantu - abalamuli abahlukile phakathi kwebhizinisi nokukhiqiza, "okufanelana" nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yezempi. Izinhloko zale minyango ziyaluqonda ulimi lwebhizinisi futhi kulula kakhulu ukubhekana nazo kunokuphatha ibhizinisi lonke. Ziseziningi izinkinga, kodwa zimbalwa kakhulu kunakuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkinga zamanje zixazululwa kancane kancane.
Sicela usitshele mayelana nokungeniswa esikhundleni kwezingxenye eziyinhloko zamasistimu okugcina kanye namapayipi ezakhi. Kuyini okwasekhaya lapha, futhi yini evela phesheya?
Umgomo wethu oyinhloko ngesikhathi sokuqaliswa kwale phrojekthi ukufaka esikhundleni samasekethe amakhulu ahlanganisiwe, okungenzeka abe namakhono athile angadalulwanga.
Ngaphezu kwamasekethe ahlanganisiwe, sisebenzisa nezinye izingxenye zasekhaya. Nalu uhlu:
- Iprosesa "Elbrus".
- Ibhuloho eliseNingizimu.
- Amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe.
- Ibhodi lomama.
- Iziqondiso ezikhanyayo.
- Ikesi nezingxenye zensimbi zekesi.
- Izingxenye zepulasitiki kanye nenani lezakhi zesakhiwo.
I-Promobit ithuthukise izinto eziningi ezisetshenziswayo, futhi kukhona imibhalo yokuklama yayo yonke into.
Kepha sithenga amapayipi ayisisekelo, ama-capacitor, ama-resistors avela phesheya. Lapho ama-capacitor asekhaya, ama-resistors, njll. izongena ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi, futhi ikhwalithi nokuthembeka kwabo ngeke kube ngaphansi kwamamodeli angaphandle, nakanjani sizoshintshela kubo.
Labalwa kanjani izinga lendawo?
Impendulo ilula. Isinqumo No. 17 kaJulayi 2015, 719 "Ngokuqinisekiswa kokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yezimboni endaweni yeRussian Federation" inikeza amafomula ngokusho ukuthi konke lokhu kubalwa. Uchwepheshe wethu wokunikeza izitifiketi wayeqondiswa yilawa mafomula, ecela ulwazi olwengeziwe uma kudingeka.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izibalo zethu azizange zamukelwe i-Chamber okokuqala; senza amaphutha izikhathi eziningana. Kodwa ngemva kokuba zonke iziphambeko sezilungisiwe, iChamber of Commerce and Industry yaqinisekisa konke. Indima eyinhloko lapha idlalwa izindleko zezingxenye. Kudingekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ku-Resolution No. 719 imfuneko yokuhambisana nengxenye yephesenti yezindleko zezingxenye zangaphandle ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa komkhiqizo ekucushweni okuyisisekelo azinaki izindleko zamadivayisi wokugcina idatha - i-hard magnetic amadiski, amadiski esimo esiqinile, amateyipu kazibuthe.
Ngenxa yalokho, izikulufi, ama-capacitor, ama-LED, ama-resistors, abalandeli, amandla kagesi - izingxenye zemvelaphi yangaphandle - akhawunti ye-6,5% yezindleko zohlelo lokugcina lwe-BITBLAZE Sirius 8000. I-94,5% yezindleko ihlanganisa icala, amabhodi wesifunda aphrintiwe, ibhodi lomama, iprosesa, iziqondiso ezikhanyayo, ezikhiqizwa eRussia.
Kwenzekani uma ukufinyelela ezingxenyeni zakwamanye amazwe kuvaliwe?
Ukufinyelela kusisekelo sama-elementi abakhiqizi bawo abalawulwa yi-United States kungavalwa. Uma lo mbuzo uvela ngokuzumayo, sizosebenzisa izingxenye ezikhiqizwa izinkampani zaseShayina. Kuyohlale kunezinkampani ezingakunaki unswinyo.
Mhlawumbe sizohlela ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ezidingekayo ngokwethu - ekhaya noma kwelinye izwe. Kulokhu konke kuhamba kahle.
Usongo lwangempela nakakhulu uma umkhiqizi wenkontileka waseTaiwan evinjelwa ukukhiqiza i-Elbrus. Khona-ke izinkinga zohlelo oluhlukile zingase ziphakame, njengoba kwenzeka, isibonelo, ngeHuawei. Kodwa futhi zingaxazululeka. I-software yethu iyi-cross-platform, ngakho-ke izosebenza noma ngabe amaphrosesa athathelwa indawo amanye. Sisebenzisa ama-algorithms alula nasebenza kahle kakhulu angadluliselwa kwesinye isakhiwo ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Source: www.habr.com