"Ngiyi-cyborg manje!" - U-Liam Zibidi wase-Australia, umhleli osemusha, unjiniyela we-blockchain/Fullstack nomlobi, umemezela ngokuziqhenya, njengoba eziveza emakhasini akhe. . Ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, waphothula iphrojekthi yakhe ye-DIY yokwakha ithuluzi eligqokekayo, alibiza ngokungenamahloni ngokuthi "ama-pancreas okwenziwa." Kunalokho, sikhuluma ngephampu ye-insulin ezilawulayo, futhi i-cyborg yethu ayizange ithathe indlela elula kwezinye izici zendalo yakhe. Funda kabanzi mayelana nomqondo wedivayisi kanye nobuchwepheshe bomthombo ovulekile obuthembele kubo kamuva esihlokweni.
imidwebo ngaphandle komdwebo wedivayisi ithathwe kuyo
Isifo sikashukela se-dummies
U-Liam unesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1.
Uma ilungile, igama elithi "isifo sikashukela" lisho iqembu lezifo ezinokukhuphuka kwe-diuresis - ukuphuma komchamo, kepha inani leziguli ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus (DM) likhulu, futhi igama elifushane ligxile ngasese ku-DM. Emuva ngeNkathi Ephakathi, iziguli eziningi ezinesifo sikashukela zaqaphela ukuba khona kukashukela emchameni wazo. Kwadlula isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokutholakala kwe-insulin ye-hormone (eyayizoba yiprotheni yokuqala elandelanayo ngokuphelele emlandweni) kanye neqhaza layo ku-pathogenesis yesifo sikashukela.
I-insulin iyi-hormone ebaluleke kakhulu elawula i-metabolism yezinto eziningi, kepha umphumela wayo omkhulu usekugayweni kwama-carbohydrate, okubandakanya ushukela "oyinhloko" - i-glucose. Ngokwenza i-metabolism ye-glucose emangqamuzaneni, i-insulin, cishe, iyi-molecule ekhombisayo. Kukhona ama-molecule akhethekile we-insulin receptor ebusweni bamaseli. "Ihlezi" kuzo, i-insulin inikeza isignali yokwethula i-cascade yokusabela kwamakhemikhali e-biochemical: iseli liqala ukuhambisa i-glucose ngenkuthalo ngaphakathi ngolwelwesi lwayo futhi liyicubungule ngaphakathi.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-insulin ingafaniswa nomsebenzi wamavolontiya angabantu abeza ukulwa nozamcolo. Izinga le-insulin lincike enanini le-glucose: uma liba liningi, kulapho izinga le-insulin eliphelele likhuphuka kakhulu ekuphenduleni. Ngiyaphinda futhi: izinga lezicubu elibalulekile, hhayi inani lama-molecule, elilingana ngokuqondile ne-glucose, ngoba i-insulin ngokwayo ayibophi ku-glucose futhi ayichithwa ekusetshenzisweni kwayo, njengoba nje namavolontiya engayiphuzi i-glucose. amanzi angenayo, kodwa akhe amadamu anobude obuthile. Futhi kuyadingeka ukugcina leli zinga elithile le-insulin ebusweni bamaseli, kanye nokuphakama kwamadamu esikhashana ezindaweni ezigcwele izikhukhula.
Kuyacaca ukuthi uma i-insulin ingekho eyanele, khona-ke i-metabolism ye-glucose iyaphazamiseka, ayidluli kumaseli, iqongelela oketshezini lwezinto eziphilayo. Lesi yi-pathogenesis yesifo sikashukela. Ngaphambilini, bekunegama elididayo elithi βisifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin/esizimele,β kodwa kulunge kakhulu ukusihlukanisa ngale ndlela: uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 ukuntula kwe-insulin ngokomzimba (isizathu salokhu ngokuvamile ukufa kwamaseli e-pancreatic); Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 siwukuncipha kokusabela komzimba ezingeni le-insulin yawo (zonke izizathu aziqondwa ngokugcwele futhi ziyahlukahluka). Uhlobo lokuqala - kukhona amavolontiya ambalwa futhi abanaso isikhathi sokwakha amadamu; Thayipha 1 - amadamu anobude obujwayelekile, kodwa agcwele izimbobo noma akhelwe ngaphesheya.
Inkinga yokulungisa mathupha
Zombili lezi zinhlobo, njengoba ziba sobala, ziholela emazingeni aphezulu eglucose ngaphandle kwamaseli - egazini, umchamo, onomphumela omubi kuwo wonke umzimba. Kufanele siphile ngokubala ΠΈ kusirinji kanye nepuleti, ngokulandelana. Kodwa awukwazi njalo ukulawula ngesandla lokho umzimba ngokwawo owawukwenza. Umuntu kufanele alale, futhi ngenkathi elele, amazinga e-insulin aqhubeka ehla; umuntu angase, ngenxa yezimo zansuku zonke, angadli ngesikhathi - bese izinga likashukela lakhe lehla ngaphansi kwethonya lezinga le-insulin eligcinwe ngokwenziwa. Ngamafuphi, impilo izithola isemhubheni wemikhawulo yezinga le-glucose, ngale kwalokho kuba khona i-coma.
Ingxenye yesixazululo sale nkinga bekungamadivaysi esimanje athatha indawo yamasirinji - amaphampu e-insulin. Lesi isisetshenziswa esisebenzisa inaliti ye-hypodermic ehlala ishuthekile ukuze idose ngokuzenzakalelayo i-insulin. Kodwa ukulethwa okulula kukodwa akuqinisekisi ukwelashwa okulungile kwe-insulin ngaphandle kwedatha yezinga le-glucose yamanje. Leli elinye ikhanda elibuhlungu lodokotela kanye nezazi ze-biotechnologists: ukuhlolwa okusheshayo nokubikezela okulungile kokuguquguquka kwe-insulin namazinga eglucose. Ngobuchwepheshe, lokhu kwaqala ukusetshenziswa ngendlela yokuqapha ushukela okuqhubekayo - amasistimu we-CGM. Lawa amadivaysi ahlukahlukene afunda ngokuqhubekayo idatha evela kunzwa ehlala ifakwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Le ndlela ayihlukumezeki kangako futhi iyathandeka kubasebenzisi kuneyakudala. , kodwa lokhu kwakamuva kunembe kakhudlwana futhi kunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe uma izinga likashukela lisa βwehlaβ kakhulu noma ngandlela-thile lishintsha ngokushesha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isixhumanisi esimaphakathi kulolu hlelo ngumuntu - ngokuvamile isiguli ngokwaso. Ilungisa ukunikezwa kwe-insulin kuye ngokufundwa kweglucometer kanye nenkambiso elindelekile - noma ngabe udle amaswidi noma ulungiselela ukweqa ukudla kwasemini. Kepha ngokumelene nokwasemuva kwe-elekthronikhi enembile, umuntu uba isixhumanisi esibuthakathaka - kuthiwani uma ngesikhathi sokulala ehlushwa i-hypoglycemia enzima futhi alahlekelwe ukwazi? Noma ingabe uzoziphatha ngenye indlela engafanele, akhohlwe/aphuthe/amise idivayisi ngendlela engalungile, ikakhulukazi uma eseyingane? Ezimweni ezinjalo, abantu abaningi baye bacabanga ngokwenza amasistimu empendulo - ukuze idivayisi yokufaka i-insulin iqondiswe ekuphumeni kwezinzwa zikashukela.
Impendulo kanye nomthombo ovulekile
Kodwa-ke, kuphakama inkinga ngokushesha - kukhona amaphampu amaningi nama-glucometer emakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa wonke amadivayisi aphezulu, futhi adinga iphrosesa evamile nesofthiwe ewalawulayo.
Izindatshana sezishicilelwe ku-HabrΓ© [, ] esihlokweni sokuhlanganisa amadivaysi amabili abe yisistimu eyodwa. Ngaphezu kokwengeza icala lesithathu, ngizokutshela kancane mayelana namaphrojekthi omhlaba wonke ahlanganisa imizamo yabashisekeli abafuna ukuhlanganisa izinhlelo ezifanayo bebodwa.
Iphrojekthi ye-OpenAPS (Open Artificial Pancreas System) yasungulwa nguDana Lewis waseSeattle. Ekupheleni kuka-2014, yena, naye onesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1, wanquma ukwenza ucwaningo olufanayo. Ngemva kokuzama nokuchaza idivayisi yakhe kabanzi, wagcina etholile , echaza ngokuningiliziwe indlela yokuhlanganisa imitha yakho ye-CGM kanye nepompo, ngokuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene okuvela kubakhiqizi abahlukene, namadivayisi adingekayo aphakathi nendawo, izinketho zesofthiwe ku-Github, enemibhalo eminingi evela emphakathini okhulayo wabasebenzisi. Isici esibaluleke kakhulu esigcizelelwa yi-OpenAPS ukuthi "sizokusiza ngemiyalo enemininingwane, kodwa kufanele uzenzele yonke into." Iqiniso liwukuthi imisebenzi enjalo iyisinyathelo esisodwa kude nenswinyo enzima evela ku-FDA (i-American Food and Drug Administration, amandla ayo ahlanganisa yonke imithi nemikhiqizo yezokwelapha). Futhi uma engakwazi ukukwenqabela ukuthi uphule amadivayisi aqinisekisiwe futhi uwahlanganise enze amasistimu enziwe ekhaya ukuze uwasebenzise kuwena, khona-ke noma yimuphi umzamo wokukusiza ukuthi uwenze noma uwuthengise uzojeziswa kanzima. Umbono wesibili, kodwa ongabalulekile kangako we-OpenAPS ukuphepha kwesistimu eyenziwe ekhaya. Amadokhumenti ngefomu nama-algorithms acacile, anemininingwane ahloselwe ukusiza isiguli futhi angazilimazi.
Iwindi le-akhawunti ye-Nightscout
Enye iphrojekthi , ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi balayishe idatha kusuka kumadivayisi wabo we-CGM baye kwisitoreji samafu ngesikhathi sangempela nge-smartphone, iwashi elihlakaniphile namanye amadivayisi, kanye nokubuka nokucubungula idatha etholiwe. Le phrojekthi ihloselwe ukusebenzisa ulwazi olufundisayo futhi olulula kakhulu lwedatha, futhi iqukethe nemihlahlandlela enemininingwane, isibonelo, Ama-glucometer anama-smartphones ane-OS eyodwa noma enye kanye nesoftware edingekayo nama-transmitters aphakathi.
Ukubuka idatha kubalulekile ekunqumeni ukuguquguquka kwansuku zonke kwe-glucose endleleni yakho yokuphila kanye nokulungiswa okungenzeka kokuziphatha nokudla okudlayo, ukuze kudluliselwe idatha ngendlela efanelekile yesithombe ku-smartphone noma iwashi elihlakaniphile, ukuze ubikezele izitayela kumazinga eglucose esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, le datha ingafundwa futhi isetshenzwe isofthiwe ye-OpenAPS. Yilokhu kanye u-Liam akusebenzisayo kuphrojekthi yakhe. Ezihlokweni ze-KDPV - idatha yakhe yomuntu siqu evela kusevisi yefu, lapho βimfolokoβ ensomi kwesokudla ingamazinga eglucose abikezelwe i-OpenAPS.
Iphrojekthi kaLiam
Ungafunda mayelana nephrojekthi ngokuningiliziwe ekufakweni okuhambisanayo kubhulogi yakhe, ngizozama nje ukuyisho kabusha ngohlelo nangokucacile.
I-Hard ihlanganisa lezi zisetshenziswa ezilandelayo: iphampu ye-insulin ye-Medtronic u-Liam ayenayo ekuqaleni; I-CGM (glucometer) I-FreeStyle Libre enenzwa ye-NFC; exhunywe kuyo i-MiaoMiao transmitter, edlulisela idatha kusuka kunzwa yesikhumba ye-NFC kuya ku-smartphone nge-Bluetooth; I-Intel Edison microcomputer njengeprosesa yokulawula lonke uhlelo isebenzisa i-Open APS; I-Explorer HAT iyisidlulisi somsakazo sokuxhuma yakamuva nge-smartphone kanye nephampu.
Umbuthano uvaliwe.
I-Hardware yonke ibize u-Liam β¬515, ngaphandle kwephampu abenayo ngaphambilini. Wayala zonke izinto zakhe e-Amazon, kuhlanganise no-Edison oyekiwe. Futhi, izinzwa ezingaphansi kwe-CGM Libre ziyinto ebizayo - ama-euro angama-70 ucezu ngalunye, oluhlala izinsuku eziyi-14.
I-Software: okokuqala, ukusatshalaliswa kweJubilinux Linux ye-Edison bese ifaka i-OpenAPS kuyo, umbhali wedivayisi, ngokusho kwakhe, ahlupheka ngayo. Okulandelayo kwakuwukusetha ukudluliswa kwedatha kusuka ku-CGM kuya ku-smartphone nasefwini, okwakufanele anikeze ilayisense yokwakhiwa komuntu siqu kwesicelo se-xDrip (ama-euro angu-150) nokumisa i-Nightscout - kwakufanele βishadeβ ne-OpenAPS ngama-plugin akhethekile. . Kuphinde kwaba nezinkinga ngokusebenza kwayo yonke idivayisi, kodwa umphakathi we-Nightscout usize ngempumelelo u-Liam ukuthi athole izimbungulu.
Yiqiniso, kungase kubonakale sengathi umbhali uye wenza umsebenzi onzima kakhulu. I-Intel Edison eyamiswa isikhathi eside yakhethwa ngu-Liam "njengeyonga amandla amaningi kune-Raspberry Pi." I-Apple OS iphinde yengeza ubunzima ngelayisensi yesofthiwe kanye nezindleko eziqhathaniswa ne-smartphone ye-Android. Kodwa-ke, isipiliyoni sakhe siwusizo futhi sizokwengeza kumaphrojekthi amaningi afanayo wemishini eyenziwe ekhaya, eklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa kakhulu izinga lempilo yabantu abaningi ngemali encane uma kuqhathaniswa. Abantu abajwayele ukuthembela emandleni abo kanye namakhono abo.
U-Liam uthi isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 simenze wakhululeka, futhi ithuluzi alidalile liyindlela yokubuyisela ukunethezeka ngokwengqondo kokulawula umzimba wakhe. Futhi ngaphezu kokubuyisela impilo yakhe evamile, ukwakha uhlelo lwephampu ye-insulin evaliwe kwaba yinto enamandla yokuziveza kuye. βKungcono ukugcina umzimba wakho ulawulwa ngekhodi ye-JS kunokuphelela esibhedlela,β uyabhala.
Source: www.habr.com