Umbhali wale ndatshana, uDouglas McIlroy, isazi sezibalo saseMelika, unjiniyela, kanye nomhleli wezinhlelo. Waziwa kakhulu ngokwakha ipayipi kusistimu yokusebenza ye-Unix, izimiso zohlelo olugxile engxenyeni, nezinsiza ezimbalwa zangempela: ukupela, ukuhlukanisa, ukuhlela, ukujoyina, ukukhuluma, tr.
Kwesinye isikhathi uhlangana nezinhlelo ezinhle kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuphenya inkumbulo yami, ngenza uhlu lwamagugu wangempela we-Unix eminyakeni edlule. Ngokuyisisekelo, lezi ziyizinhlelo ezingavamile futhi azibalulekile kangako. Kodwa okwenza zigqame wukuqala kwazo. Angikwazi nokucabanga ukuthi mina ngokwami ββngiqhamuke nomqondo wanoma iyiphi yazo.
Yabelana ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo obuye umxhwele kakhulu?
I-PDP-7 Unix
Okokuqala, uhlelo lwe-PDP-7 Unix ngokwalo. Ubulula bayo namandla angenze ngasuka ku-mainframe enamandla ngiye emshinini omncane. Iwuhlelo lwefayela le-quintessential, igobolondo elihlukile, kanye nokulawula inqubo yezinga lomsebenzisi leyo ama-Multics kufreyimu eyinhloko engakwazanga ukuyithola ngemva kwamakhulu eminyaka yentuthuko yomuntu. Amaphutha e-Unix (okufana nesakhiwo serekhodi lesistimu yefayela) ayefundisa futhi ekhulula njengokuqanjwa kabusha kwayo (okufana nokuqondisa kabusha kwegobolondo I/O).
dc
Ilabhulali Yezibalo Yezibalo Yedeskithophu kaRobert Morris eguquguqukayo eguquguqukayo yasebenzisa ukuhlaziya iphutha eliphambene ukuze inqume ukunemba okudingekayo esinyathelweni ngasinye ukuze kuzuzwe ukunemba kwemiphumela eshiwo umsebenzisi. Engqungqutheleni ye-1968 NATO Software Engineering, embikweni wami mayelana nezingxenye zesofthiwe, ngahlongoza izinqubo zokubhekisela ezingaveza noma yikuphi ukunemba okufunayo, kodwa ngangingazi ukuthi ngingazisebenzisa kanjani. I-dc kusewukuphela kohlelo engilwaziyo olungenza lokhu.
typo
I-Typo ihlela amagama embhalweni ngokufana kwawo nawo wonke umbhalo. Ukupela okungalungile njengokuthi 'hte' kuvame ukuba ekupheleni kohlu. URobert Morris ngokuziqhenya wathi lolu hlelo luzosebenza kahle ngokulinganayo kunoma yiluphi ulimi. Nakuba i-typo ingakusizi ukuthi uthole amaphutha efonetiki, kube usizo lwangempela kubo bonke abashicileli bezinhlamvu, futhi yenza okuningi okuhle ngaphambi kokuba kufike isihloli sokupela sesichazamazwi esingathakazelisi kangako kodwa esinembe kakhudlwana.
I-typo ayilindelekile ngaphakathi njengoba kwenzeka ngaphandle. I-algorithm yokulinganisa ukufana isekelwe kubuningi bokwenzeka kwama-trigrams, abalwa kuhlu lwama-26Γ26Γ26. Inkumbulo encane yayingenaso isikhala esanele sokubala okuyibhayithi eyodwa, ngakho kwaqalwa uhlelo lokuminyanisa izinombolo ezinkulu zibe izinto zokubala ezincane. Ukuze kugwenywe ukuchichima, izinto zokubala zabuyekezwa ngokwesisekelo sokungenzeka, kugcinwe isilinganiso se-logarithm yenani eliphikisayo.
eqn
Ngokufika kwe-phototypesetting, kwaba nokwenzeka, kodwa okukhathaza kakhulu, ukuphrinta i-classical mathematical notation. U-Lorinda Cherry wanquma ukuthuthukisa ulimi oluchazayo olusezingeni eliphezulu, futhi ngokushesha uBrian Kernigan wamjoyina. Ukunyakaza kwabo okukhaliphile kwakuwukubhala isiko elidluliselwa ngomlomo, ngakho kwakulula ngokuphawulekayo ukufunda i-eqn. Iprosesa yokuqala yolimi lwesisho sezibalo yohlobo lwayo, i-eqn ayizange ithuthukiswe kakhulu kusukela lapho.
isakhiwo
UBrenda Baker waqala ukuthuthukisa isiguquli sakhe se-Fortan-to-Ratfor ngokumelene neseluleko somphathi wakhe, mina. Ngicabange ukuthi lokhu kungase kuholele ekuhlelweni kabusha okukhethekile kombhalo wokuqala. Izoba mahhala izinombolo zesitatimende, kodwa uma kungenjalo ngeke ifundeke ngaphezu kwekhodi ye-Fortran eyakhiwe kahle. UBrenda wangibonisa iphutha. Uthole ukuthi lonke uhlelo lweFortran lunefomu elakhiwe ngokwekhenoni. Abahleli bezinhlelo bakhetha ifomu le-canonical, hhayi lokho abakubhala bona ekuqaleni.
pascal
Ukuxilongwa kwe-syntax ekuhlanganiseni okudalwe iqembu lika-Sue Graham e-Berkeley kwaba usizo kakhulu kwengake ngakubonaβfuthi kwenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ephutheni le-syntax, umhlanganisi ukutshela ukuthi ufake ithokheni ukuze uqhubeke nokuhlaziya. Awukho umzamo wokuchaza ukuthi yini engalungile. Ngalo mdidiyeli, ngafunda uPascal ngobusuku obubodwa ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi incwadi.
izingxenye
Kufihlwe ngaphakathi kwemojuli ye-WWB (Ibhentshi Lokusebenza Lombhali). parts U-Lorinda Cherry unquma izingxenye zenkulumo zamagama embhalweni wesiNgisi ngokusekelwe kusichazamazwi esincane kuphela, imithetho yesipelingi kanye nemithetho yohlelo. Ngokusekelwe kulesi sichasiselo, uhlelo lwe-WWB lubonisa izinkomba zesitayela sombhalo, njengokuvama kwezichasiso, izigaba ezingaphansi kanye nemisho eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngenkathi u-Lorinda exoxwa ku-NBC's Namuhla futhi ekhuluma ngokuhlolwa kohlelo lolimi emibhalweni ye-WWB, kwaba yilapho ekhuluma okokuqala nge-Unix kumabonakude.
egrep
U-Al Aho ubelindele ukuthi isixazululi sakhe senkulumo evamile esinqumayo ukuthi sidlule isixazululi sakudala sika-Ken esinganqumi. Ngeshwa, lesi sakamuva sasivele siqedela i-pass ngokusebenzisa izinkulumo ezijwayelekile eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngenkathi egrep wazakhela eyakhe i-automation ye-deterministic. Ukuze aqhubeke ewunqoba lo mjaho, u-Al Aho uthole isiqalekiso sokukhula okunamandla kwethebula lesifunda le-automaton ngokusungula indlela yokwakha phezu kwempukane kuphela lokho okufakiwe kuthebula okuvakashelwa ngempela ngesikhathi sokuqashelwa.
izinkalankala
Uhlelo olukhangayo lwe-meta luka-Luca Cardelli lwesistimu yokufaka amafasitela ye-Blit lukhiphe izinkalankala ezizulazula esikhaleni sesikrini esingenalutho, eziluma emaphethelweni amawindi asebenzayo kakhulu.
Eminye imicabango evamile
Nakuba ingabonakali ngaphandle, ithiyori nama-algorithms abambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekudalweni kweningi lalezi zinhlelo: i-typo, i-dc, i-struct, i-pascal, i-egrep. Eqinisweni, ukusetshenziswa okungavamile kwethiyori okumangalisa kakhulu.
Cishe ingxenye yohlu - i-pascal, i-struct, izingxenye, i-eqn - ekuqaleni yayibhalwe ngabesifazane, idlula kude inani labantu besifazane kwisayensi yekhompyutha.
Douglas McIlroy
Mashi, 2020
Source: www.habr.com