Uma inkampani yakho isanda kwethula i-DevOps noma amathuluzi e-CI/CD, kungase kube usizo kuwe ukujwayelana namaphutha avamile ukuze ungawaphindi futhi unganyatheli erekeni lomunye umuntu.
Ithimba wahumusha lesi sihloko .
Ukungalungeli ukushintsha isiko nezinqubo
Uma ubheka umdwebo we-cyclic , kuyacaca ukuthi ukuhlola kwe-DevOps kuwumsebenzi oqhubekayo, ingxenye eyisisekelo yakho konke ukusetshenziswa ngakunye.
Ishadi le-DevOps Infinite Cycle
Ukuhlola nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa nokulethwa kuyingxenye ebalulekile yakho konke okwenziwa onjiniyela. Lokhu kudinga ukushintsha kwengqondo ukuze kufakwe ukuhlolwa kuwo wonke umsebenzi.
Ukuhlola kuba yingxenye yomsebenzi wansuku zonke wawo wonke amalungu eqembu. Ukushintshela ekuhlolweni okuqhubekayo akulula, udinga ukulungela.
Ukungabi nempendulo
Ukusebenza kwe-DevOps kuncike empendulweni eqhubekayo. Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo akunakwenzeka uma ingekho indawo yokusebenzisana nokuxhumana.
Izinkampani ezingahleli imihlangano ye-retrospective zithola kunzima ukusebenzisa isiko lempendulo eqhubekayo ku-CI/CD. Imihlangano yokubukelwa emuva ibanjwa ekupheleni kokuphindaphinda ngakunye, lapho amalungu eqembu exoxa ngokuthi yini ehambe kahle nokuthi yini engahambanga kahle. Imihlangano ye-retrospective iyisisekelo se-Scrum/Agile, kodwa futhi iyadingeka kuma-DevOps.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imihlangano yokubheka emuva ifaka umkhuba wokushintshana ngemibono nemibono. Elinye lamaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu ekuqaleni ukuhlela imihlangano ye-retro ephindaphindayo ukuze iqondakale futhi ijwayele iqembu lonke.
Uma kukhulunywa ngekhwalithi yesoftware, wonke amalungu eqembu anesibopho sokuyigcina. Isibonelo, onjiniyela bangabhala ukuhlolwa kweyunithi futhi babhale ikhodi becabanga ngokuhlolwa, okusiza ukunciphisa ubungozi kusukela ekuqaleni.
Enye indlela elula yokubonisa ushintsho ekucabangeni mayelana nokuhlola ukushayela abahloli ucingo hhayi i-QA, kodwa umhloli wesofthiwe noma unjiniyela wekhwalithi. Lolu shintsho lungase lubonakale lulula kakhulu noma luyisiphukuphuku. Kodwa ukubiza umuntu ngokuthi "umuntu oqinisekisa ikhwalithi yesofthiwe" kunikeza umbono ongalungile mayelana nokuthi ubani onesibopho sekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Kumikhuba ye-Agile, CI/CD, kanye ne-DevOps, wonke umuntu unesibopho ngekhwalithi yesofthiwe.
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ikhwalithi isho ukuthini kulo lonke ithimba kanye nelungu ngalinye lalo, inhlangano, kanye nababambiqhaza.
Ukungaqondi kahle ngokuphothulwa kwesiteji
Uma ikhwalithi iyinqubo eqhubekayo nejwayelekile, ukuqonda okufanayo kokuqedwa kwesiteji kuyadingeka. Wazi kanjani uma isiteji sesiphelile? Kwenzekani uma isinyathelo simakwa njengesiqediwe ku-Trello noma kwelinye ibhodi le-Kanban?
I-Definition of Done (DoD) iyithuluzi elinamandla kumongo we-CD DevOps/CI. Kuyasiza ukuqonda kangcono izindinganiso zekhwalithi yalokho nokuthi iqembu lakha kanjani.
Ithimba lokuthuthukisa kufanele linqume ukuthi kusho ukuthini "Kwenziwe". Kudingeka bahlale phansi benze uhlu lwezimpawu okufanele kuhlangatshezwane nazo esigabeni ngasinye ukuze kuthathwe njengokuphelele.
I-DoD yenza inqubo ibe sobala kakhudlwana futhi ikwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa i-CI/CD uma iqondwa yiwo wonke amalungu eqembu futhi kuvunyelwana ngakho.
Ukuntula imigomo engokoqobo, echazwe ngokucacile
Lesi ngesinye sezeluleko ezicashunwa kaningi, kodwa siyaphinda. Ukuze uphumelele kunoma yimuphi umzamo omkhulu, ohlanganisa i-CI/CD noma i-DevOps, udinga ukubeka imigomo engokoqobo futhi ulinganise ukusebenza ngokuphikisana nayo. Yini ozama ukuyizuza nge-CI/CD? Ingabe lokhu kuvumela ukukhishwa okusheshayo ngekhwalithi engcono?
Noma yimiphi imigomo ebekiwe akufanele nje ibe sobala futhi ibe ngokoqobo, kodwa futhi ihambisane nemisebenzi yamanje yenkampani. Isibonelo, amakhasimende akho adinga kangaki amapeshi noma izinguqulo ezintsha? Asikho isidingo sokulayisha ngokweqile izinqubo futhi ukhulule ngokushesha uma ingekho inzuzo eyengeziwe kubasebenzisi.
Ukwengeza, awudingi njalo ukusebenzisa kokubili i-CD ne-CI. Isibonelo, izinkampani ezilawulwa kakhulu njengamabhange nemitholampilo yezokwelapha zingasebenza kuphela ne-CI.
I-CI isebenza njengesiqalo esihle kunoma iyiphi inkampani esebenzisa i-DevOps. Lapho isetshenziswa, izindlela zezinkampani zokulethwa kwesoftware zishintsha kakhulu. Uma i-CI isiyingcweti, ungacabanga ngokuthuthukisa yonke inqubo, ukhuphule isivinini sokukhishwa nezinye izinguquko.
Ezinhlanganweni eziningi, i-CI iyodwa yanele, futhi i-CD kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela uma yengeza inani.
Ukushoda kwamadeshibhodi namamethrikhi afanelekile
Uma usuzibekele imigomo yakho, ithimba lokuthuthukisa lingakha ideshibhodi ukuze lilinganise ama-KPI. Ngaphambi kokuthuthuka kwayo, kufanelekile ukuhlola amapharamitha azogadwa.
Imibiko ehlukene nezinhlelo zokusebenza ziwusizo kumalungu eqembu ahlukene. I-Scrum Master inentshisekelo kakhulu esimweni nasekufinyeleleni. Nakuba abaphathi abaphezulu bengase babe nesithakazelo kuzinga lokutubeka lochwepheshe.
Amanye amaqembu aphinde asebenzise amadeshibhodi anezinkomba ezibomvu, eziphuzi neziluhlaza ukuze ahlole isimo se-CI/CD ukuze aqonde ukuthi konke akwenza kahle noma kunephutha yini. Okubomvu kusho ukuthi udinga ukunaka okwenzekayo.
Nokho, uma amadeshibhodi engalingani, angadukisa. Hlaziya ukuthi iyiphi idatha edingwa yiwo wonke umuntu, bese udala incazelo emisiwe yokuthi isho ukuthini. Thola ukuthi yini enengqondo kubabambiqhaza: imidwebo, umbhalo, noma izinombolo.
Azikho izivivinyo ezenziwa mathupha
Ukuhlola okuzenzakalelayo kubeka isisekelo sepayipi elihle le-CI/CD. Kodwa ukuhlola okuzenzakalelayo kuzo zonke izigaba akusho ukuthi akufanele wenze ukuhlola mathupha.
Ukuze wakhe ipayipi le-CI/CD elisebenzayo, udinga nokuhlolwa okwenziwa ngesandla. Kuyohlale kukhona izici ezithile zokuhlola ezidinga ukuhlaziywa komuntu.
Kuyafaneleka ukucabangela ukuhlanganisa imizamo yokuhlola mathupha epayipini lakho. Uma ukuhlola mathupha kwamanye amacala okuhlola sekuqediwe, ungadlulela esigabeni sokuphakelwa.
Ungazami ukuthuthukisa ukuhlolwa
Ipayipi elisebenzayo le-CI/CD lidinga ukufinyelela kumathuluzi afanele, kungaba ukuphathwa kokuhlolwa noma ukuhlanganiswa nokuqapha okuqhubekayo.
Ukudala isiko eliqinile, eligxile kukhwalithi kuhloswe ngalo , ukuqapha ukusebenzisana kwamakhasimende ngemva kokuthunyelwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokulandela umkhondo.
Nawa amanye amathiphu asebenzayo ongawasebenzisa kalula:
- Qiniseka ukuthi ukuhlola kwakho kulula ukukubhala futhi kuvumelana nezimo ngokwanele ukuze kungaphuli lapho wenza ikhodi kabusha.
- Amathimba okuthuthukisa kufanele afakwe enqubweni yokuhlola - bona uhlu lwezinkinga zabasebenzisi nezicelo ezibalulekile ukuthi zihlolwe phakathi namapayipi e-CI.
- Ungase ungabi nakho ukuhlolwa okugcwele, kodwa qiniseka njalo ukuthi ukugeleza okubalulekile ku-UX nolwazi lwamakhasimende kuyahlolwa.
Iphuzu lokugcina kodwa elingabalulekile
Ukushintshela ku-CI/CD kuvame ukuqhutshwa ukusuka phansi kuye phezulu, kodwa ekugcineni kuwuguquko oludinga ukuthengwa kobuholi, isikhathi, kanye nezinsiza ezivela enkampanini. Phela, i-CI/CD iqoqo lamakhono, izinqubo, amathuluzi nokuhlelwa kabusha kwamasiko; izinguquko ezinjalo zingenziwa kuphela ngokuhlelekile.
Yini enye ongayifunda esihlokweni:
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Source: www.habr.com