Ngesikhathi sokubhala lesi sihloko, ukusesha endaweni yemisebenzi edumile yegama elithi "Network Engineer" kwabuyisela izikhala ezingamakhulu amathathu kulo lonke elaseRussia. Ukuze uqhathanise, ukusesha igama elithi "umphathi wesistimu" kubuyisela izikhala ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-2.5, futhi "unjiniyela we-DevOps" - cishe 800.
Ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi amanethiwekhi awasadingeki ngezikhathi zamafu anqobayo, i-Docker, i-Kubernetes ne-Wi-Fi yomphakathi etholakala yonke indawo?
Ake sikubone (c)
Ake sijwayelane. Igama lami ngingu-Alexey, futhi ngingumuntu wenethiwekhi.
Ngibambe iqhaza kumanethiwekhi isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 futhi bengisebenza ngamasistimu ahlukahlukene * angu-nix iminyaka engaphezu kwe-15 (ngibe nethuba lokusebenzisa i-Linux ne-FreeBSD). Ngisebenze kuma-telecom opharetha, izinkampani ezinkulu ezithathwa ngokuthi "ibhizinisi", futhi muva nje bengisebenza ku-fintech "encane futhi enesibindi", lapho amafu, ama-devops, kubernetes namanye amagama asabekayo azongenza mina nozakwethu singadingeki. . Ngolunye usuku. Kungenzeka.
wokuzihlangula: "Empilweni yethu, akuyona yonke into njalo futhi yonke indawo, kodwa okuthile, ngezinye izikhathi ezindaweni" (c) Maxim Dorofeev.
Konke okulotshwe ngezansi kungakwazi futhi kufanele kubhekwe njengombono womuntu siqu wombhali, ongazisho ukuthi uyiqiniso eliwujuqu, noma ngisho nesifundo esigcwele. Zonke izinhlamvu ziyinganekwane, zonke izenzakalo zenzeka nje ngokungahleliwe.
Siyakwamukela emhlabeni wami.
Ungahlangana kuphi namanethiwekhi?
1. Abasebenza ngocingo, izinkampani zesevisi kanye nabanye abahlanganisi. Konke kulula lapha: inethiwekhi yabo iyibhizinisi. Bangase bathengise ngokuqondile uxhumo (ama-opharetha) noma banikeze ngamasevisi okuqalisa/ukugcina amanethiwekhi amakhasimende abo.
Kuningi okuhlangenwe nakho lapha, kodwa hhayi imali eningi (ngaphandle uma ungumqondisi noma umphathi wokuthengisa ophumelelayo). Kodwa-ke, uma uthanda amanethiwekhi, futhi usekuqaleni kohambo lwakho, umsebenzi wokweseka abanye o-opharetha abangemkhulu kakhulu, ngisho namanje, uzoba indawo ekahle yokuqala (kwezombuso yonke into ibhalwe kakhulu, futhi lapho. indawo encane yokudala). Nokho, izindaba zokuthi ungakhula kanjani usuka ekubeni unjiniyela osemsebenzini eminyakeni embalwa uye ekubeni umphathi wezinga C nazo ziyiqiniso impela, nakuba zingavamile, ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala. Kuhlale kunesidingo sabasebenzi, ngoba inzuzo iyenzeka. Lokhu kuhle futhi kubi ngesikhathi esisodwa - kuhlala kunezikhala, ngakolunye uhlangothi - ngokuvamile ezisebenza kakhulu/ezihlakaniphe kakhulu zishiya ngokushesha noma ziyokhushulelwa esikhundleni noma ziye kwezinye, izindawo “ezifudumele”.
2. “Ibhizinisi” elinemibandela. Akunandaba ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko uhlobene ne-IT noma cha. Into eyinhloko ukuthi inomnyango wayo we-IT, oqinisekisa ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zangaphakathi zenkampani, kuhlanganise nenethiwekhi emahhovisi, iziteshi zokuxhumana emagatsheni, njll. Imisebenzi kanjiniyela wenethiwekhi ezinkampanini ezinjalo ingenziwa "isikhathi esithile" ngumlawuli wesistimu (uma ingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi incane noma iphethwe usonkontileka wangaphandle), kanye nochwepheshe wenethiwekhi, uma ekhona, angakwazi ngesikhathi esifanayo bheka ucingo kanye ne-SAN (akukho okuhle). Bakhokha ngendlela ehlukile - kuncike kakhulu enzuzweni yebhizinisi, ubukhulu benkampani kanye nesakhiwo. Ngasebenza nezinkampani lapho izinhlelo zeCisco zazivame "ukulayishwa emiphongolweni", kanye nezinkampani lapho inethiwekhi yakhiwe khona kusuka emanzini, izinti kanye ne-tape eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi amaseva awazange abuyekezwe (akudingeki ukusho ukuthi, akukho zindawo zokugcina ezinikezwe noma) . Kunokuhlangenwe nakho okuncane kakhulu lapha, futhi cishe kuzoba sendaweni yokukhiya umthengisi oqinile, noma "ukwenza okuthile kube yize." Ngokwami, ngikuthole kuyisicefe, nakuba abantu abaningi beyithanda - yonke into iyalinganiswa futhi iyabikezelwa (uma sikhuluma ngezinkampani ezinkulu), "dorakha-bahato", njll. Okungenani kanye ngonyaka, omunye umthengisi omkhulu uthi beze nolunye uhlelo lwe-mega-super-duper oluzokwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo yonke into manje futhi bonke abaphathi besistimu nabaxhumi benethiwekhi bangahlakazwa, okushiya umbhangqwana ucindezela izinkinobho ku-interface enhle. Iqiniso liwukuthi, noma singazinaki izindleko zesixazululo, amanethiwekhi ngeke aye ndawo lapho. Yebo, mhlawumbe esikhundleni sekhonsoli kuzophinde kube nesixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu (kodwa hhayi ucezu oluthile lwehadiwe, kodwa uhlelo olukhulu olulawula amashumi namakhulu ezingxenye ezinjalo zehadiwe), kodwa ulwazi "lokuthi yonke into isebenza kanjani ngaphakathi" isazoqhubeka. kudingeka.
3. Izinkampani zomkhiqizo, inzuzo evela ekuthuthukisweni (futhi, ngokuvamile, nokusebenza) kwesofthiwe ethile noma inkundla - lowo mkhiqizo ofanayo. Imvamisa mancane futhi athambile, asekude nesilinganiso samabhizinisi kanye nokuphathwa kwawo. Kulapha lapho lawo ma-devops afanayo, ama-cubers, ama-dockers namanye amagama amabi atholakala ngobuningi, okuzokwenza ukuthi inethiwekhi kanye nonjiniyela benethiwekhi babe i-rudiment engadingekile.
Ingabe inethiwekhi ihluke kanjani kumphathi wesistimu?
Ekuqondeni kwabantu abaphuma ku-IT - lutho. Bobabili babuka isikrini esimnyama bese bebhala iziphonso, kwesinye isikhathi bathuke bathuke.
Ekuqondeni kwabahleli - mhlawumbe ngendawo yesifundo. Abaphathi besistimu baphatha amaseva, amanethiwekhi alawula amaswishi namarutha. Kwesinye isikhathi ukuphatha kubi, futhi yonke into iwela wonke umuntu. Hhayi-ke, uma kwenzeka noma yini eyinqaba, abaxhumanisi benethiwekhi nabo banecala. Ngoba nje fuck wena, yingakho.
Eqinisweni, umehluko omkhulu yindlela yokusebenza. Mhlawumbe, kuphakathi kwabanenethiwekhi lapho kunabasekeli abaningi bendlela ethi “Uma isebenza, ungayithinti!”. Njengomthetho, okuthile kungenziwa (ngaphakathi komthengisi oyedwa) ngendlela eyodwa kuphela; konke ukucushwa kwebhokisi kulapho entendeni yesandla sakho. Izindleko zephutha ziphezulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ziphakeme kakhulu (ngokwesibonelo, kuzodingeka uhambe amakhilomitha angamakhulu ambalwa ukuze uqalise kabusha i-router, futhi ngalesi sikhathi abantu abayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa bazobe bengenakho ukuxhumana - isimo esivame kakhulu ku-opharetha we-telecom) .
Ngokubona kwami, yingakho onjiniyela benethiwekhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, begqugquzelwa kakhulu ekuzinzeni kwenethiwekhi (futhi ushintsho yisitha esikhulu sokuzinza), futhi okwesibili, ulwazi lwabo luhamba ngokujulile kunobubanzi (awufuni. kudingeka ukwazi ukumisa inqwaba yamademoni ahlukene , udinga ukwazi ubuchwepheshe kanye nokuqaliswa kwabo kumkhiqizi wemishini ethile). Yingakho umlawuli wesistimu osebenzise i-google indlela yokubhalisa i-vlan ohlelweni lwe-Cisco engakakabi inethiwekhi. Futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi uzokwazi ukusekela ngokuphumelelayo (kanye nokuxazulula inkinga) inethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu noma encane.
Kodwa kungani udinga i-networker uma unomphathi?
Ukuze uthole imali eyengeziwe (futhi uma uyiklayenti elikhulu kakhulu nelithandekayo, mhlawumbe ngisho mahhala, “njengomngane”), onjiniyela besikhungo sedatha bazomisa amaswishi akho ukuze ahambisane nezidingo zakho, futhi mhlawumbe bakusize nokusungula isikhombimsebenzisi se-BGP nabahlinzeki. (uma une-subnet yakho yamakheli e-IP yesimemezelo).
Inkinga enkulu ukuthi isikhungo sedatha akuwona umnyango wakho we-IT, yinkampani ehlukile umgomo wayo ukwenza inzuzo. Kubandakanya izindleko zakho njengeklayenti. Isikhungo sedatha sihlinzeka ngama-racks, siwahlinzeka ngogesi nokubanda, futhi sihlinzeka ngokuxhumeka "okuzenzakalelayo" ku-inthanethi. Ngokusekelwe kule ngqalasizinda, isikhungo sedatha singasingatha amathuluzi akho (ukubekwa endaweni), sikuqashele iseva (iseva ezinikezele), noma sikunikeze isevisi ephethwe (isibonelo, i-OpenStack noma ama-K8). Kodwa ibhizinisi lesikhungo sedatha (imvamisa) alikona ukuphatha ingqalasizinda yekhasimende, ngoba le nqubo idinga abasebenzi abaningi, ayisebenzi kahle (futhi esikhungweni sedatha esijwayelekile konke okwenzekayo kuyazenzakalela), kubumbene kubi nakakhulu (iklayenti ngalinye umuntu ngamunye) futhi ngokuvamile ugcwele izikhalazo ("ungitshela ukuthi iseva yayisethiwe, kodwa manje iphahlazekile, iphutha lakho lonke!!!111"). Ngakho-ke, uma umninikhaya ekusiza ngokuthile, uzozama ukwenza kube lula futhi kube lula ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngoba ukwenza kunzima akuzuzisi, okungenani ngokombono wezindleko zabasebenzi bonjiniyela balo msingathi ofanayo (kodwa izimo zihlukile, bheka ukuphika). Lokhu akusho ukuthi umphathi uzokwenza yonke into kabi. Kodwa akulona neze iqiniso ukuthi uzokwenza lokho obukudinga ngempela.
Kubonakala sengathi le nto isobala, kodwa izikhathi eziningana ekusebenzeni kwami ngiye ngahlangabezana neqiniso lokuthi izinkampani zaqala ukuthembela kumhlinzeki wazo wokubamba kancane kunalokho okufanele, futhi lokhu akuzange kuholele kunoma yini enhle. Kwadingeka ngichaze kabanzi futhi ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ayikho neyodwa i-SLA ezokhokha ukulahlekelwa kusukela ngesikhathi sokuphumula (kukhona okuhlukile, kodwa ngokuvamile kubiza kakhulu, KAKHULU KAKHULU kuklayenti) nokuthi umninikhaya akazi nhlobo ukuthi kwenzekani ingqalasizinda yamakhasimende (ngaphandle kwezinkomba ezijwayelekile). Futhi umsingathi naye akakwenzeli izipele. Isimo siba sibi nakakhulu uma unabasingathi abangaphezu koyedwa. Uma kukhona izinkinga phakathi kwabo, ngokuqinisekile ngeke bakutholele ukuthi konakelephi.
Empeleni, izisusa lapha zifana ncamashi nalapho kukhethwa “ithimba labaphathi elingaphakathi endlini ngokumelene nomthombo wangaphandle”. Uma izingozi zibalwa, ikhwalithi iyanelisa, futhi ibhizinisi alinandaba, kungani ungazami. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inethiwekhi ingenye yezingxenye eziyisisekelo zengqalasizinda, futhi akufanele neze ukuyishiyela kubafana bangaphandle uma kakade ususekela konke okunye ngokwakho.
Kukuziphi izimo lapho inethiwekhi idingeka?
Okulandelayo sizokhuluma ngokuqondile ngezinkampani zokudla zesimanje. Ngama-opharetha kanye nebhizinisi, yonke into icacile, ukuhlanganisa noma ukususa - kuncane okushintshile lapho eminyakeni yamuva, futhi amanethiwekhi ayedingeka lapho ngaphambili, futhi ayadingeka manje. Kodwa ngalezo “zintsha futhi ezinesibindi” izinto azikacaci kangako. Imvamisa babeka yonke ingqalasizinda yabo emafwini, ngakho-ke ababadingi ngempela abalawuli - ngaphandle kwabaphathi balawo mafu afanayo, kunjalo. Ingqalasizinda, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ilula kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-automated kahle (i-acible/puppet, terraform, ci/cd... kahle, uyazi). Kodwa ngisho nalapha kunezimo lapho ungeke ukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle konjiniyela wenethiwekhi.
Isibonelo 1, zakudala
Ake sithi inkampani iqala ngeseva eyodwa enekheli le-IP lomphakathi, elitholakala esikhungweni sedatha. Bese kuba namaseva amabili. Bese ngaphezulu... Maduze, kuzoba nesidingo senethiwekhi yangasese phakathi kwamaseva. Ngoba ithrafikhi "yangaphandle" inqunyelwe kokubili umkhawulokudonsa (isibonelo awukho ngaphezu kuka-100Mbit/s) kanye nevolumu yokulandwa/okulayishwayo ngenyanga (abasingathi abahlukene banezindleko ezihlukene, kodwa umkhawulokudonsa oya emhlabeni wangaphandle uvame ukubiza kakhulu kune- inethiwekhi yangasese).
Umsingathi wengeza amakhadi enethiwekhi engeziwe kumaseva futhi uwafaka ekushintsheni kwawo ku-vlan ehlukile. Indawo yasendaweni “eyisicaba” ivela phakathi kwamaseva. Ukhululekile!
Inani lamaseva liyakhula, futhi ithrafikhi kunethiwekhi yangasese nayo iyakhula - izipele, ukuphindaphinda, njll. Umsingathi uthembisa ukukuthuthela ekushintsheni okuhlukene ukuze ungaphazamisi amanye amaklayenti, futhi angakuphazamisi. Umsingathi ufaka amaswishi athile futhi ngandlela thize awalungise - cishe, okushiya inethiwekhi eyodwa eyisicaba phakathi kwawo wonke amaseva akho. Konke kusebenza kahle, kodwa ngomzuzwana othile izinkinga ziqala: ukubambezeleka phakathi kwabasingathi kuyanda ngezikhathi ezithile, izingodo zikhala ngamaphakethe e-arp amaningi ngomzuzwana, futhi ngesikhathi sokucwaninga i-pentester yangena yonke inethiwekhi yendawo, iphula iseva eyodwa kuphela.
Yini okufanele yenziwe?
Hlukanisa inethiwekhi ibe izingxenye - vlans. Lungiselela owakho ikheli ku-vlan ngayinye, khetha isango elizodlulisela ithrafikhi phakathi kwamanethiwekhi. Lungiselela i-acl esangweni ukuze ukhawulele ukufinyelela phakathi kwamasegimenti, noma ufake ngisho ne-firewall ehlukile eduze.
Isibonelo 1, saqhubeka
Amaseva axhunywe ku-LAN ngentambo eyodwa. Amaswishi kuma-racks axhumene ngandlela thize, kodwa uma kuba nengozi endaweni eyodwa, amanye amathathu aseduze ayawa. Amasu akhona, kodwa kukhona ukungabaza mayelana nokuhambisana kwawo. Iseva ngayinye inekheli layo lomphakathi, elikhishwa umsingathi futhi liboshwe ku-rack. Labo. Lapho uhambisa iseva, ikheli kufanele lishintshwe.
Yini okufanele yenziwe?
Xhuma amaseva usebenzisa i-LAG (I-Link Aggregation Group) enezintambo ezimbili kumaswishi ku-rack (adinga futhi ukungadingeki). Gcina ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-racks futhi uwaguqulele "inkanyezi" (noma i-CLOS yemfashini manje) ukuze ukulahlekelwa kwe-rack eyodwa kungathinti abanye. Khetha ama-rack "central" lapho kuzotholakala khona umgogodla wenethiwekhi nalapho kuzoxhunywa khona amanye ama-rack. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, beka inkulumo yomphakathi ngokulandelana, thatha kumphathi (noma ku-RIR, uma kungenzeka) i-subnet, wena ngokwakho (noma ngomphathi) umemezele emhlabeni.
Ingabe konke lokhu kungenziwa umlawuli wesistimu “ovamile” ongenalo ulwazi olujulile lwamanethiwekhi? Angiqiniseki. Ingabe umphathi uzokwenza lokhu? Mhlawumbe kuzokwenzeka, kodwa uzodinga ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe okunemininingwane eminingi, okuzodingeka futhi ukuthi umuntu akudwebe. bese uhlola ukuthi konke kwenziwa ngendlela efanele.
Isibonelo sesi-2: Ifu
Ake sithi une-VPC kwelinye ifu lomphakathi. Ukuze uthole ukufinyelela ehhovisi noma engxenyeni engaphambili yengqalasizinda ukuya kunethiwekhi yendawo ngaphakathi kwe-VPC, udinga ukulungisa uxhumano nge-IPSec noma isiteshi esizinikele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-IPSec ishibhile, ngoba asikho isidingo sokuthenga ihadiwe eyengeziwe, ungasetha umhubhe phakathi kweseva yakho enekheli lomphakathi kanye nefu. Kodwa - ukubambezeleka, ukusebenza okulinganiselwe (njengoba isiteshi sidinga ukubhalwa ngekhodi), kanye nokuxhumana okungaqinisekisiwe (njengoba ukufinyelela kungena nge-inthanethi evamile).
Yini okufanele yenziwe?
Phakamisa ukuxhumana ngesiteshi esizinikele (isibonelo, i-AWS ikubiza ngokuthi Direct Connect). Ukuze wenze lokhu, thola u-opharetha wozakwethu ozokuxhumanisa, anqume iphuzu lokuxhuma eliseduze nawe (nobabili ku-opharetha kanye no-opharetha efwini), futhi, ekugcineni, setha konke. Kungenzeka yini ukwenza konke lokhu ngaphandle kukanjiniyela wenethiwekhi? Impela yebo. Kodwa indlela yokuxazulula izinkinga ngaphandle kwakhe uma kunezinkinga ayisacaci kangako.
Kungase futhi kube nezinkinga ngokutholakala phakathi kwamafu (uma une-multicloud) noma izinkinga zokulibaziseka phakathi kwezifunda ezihlukene, njll. Yiqiniso, manje sekuvele amathuluzi amaningi akhulisa ukucaca kwalokho okwenzekayo efwini (amehlo ayinkulungwane afanayo), kodwa wonke lawa angamathuluzi onjiniyela wenethiwekhi, hhayi esikhundleni sakhe.
Ngingadweba izibonelo ezinjalo eziyishumi nambili ekusebenzeni kwami, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi kusobala ukuthi iqembu, kusukela ezingeni elithile lokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda, kufanele libe nomuntu (okungcono kakhulu kunoyedwa) owazi ukuthi inethiwekhi isebenza kanjani futhi ongakwazi ukumisa. imishini yenethiwekhi nokuxazulula izinkinga uma zivela. Ngikholwe, kukhona azokwenza
Yini okufanele azi inethiwekhi?
Akudingekile neze (futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, kuyingozi) ukuthi unjiniyela wenethiwekhi abhekane nenethiwekhi kuphela futhi akukho okunye. Ngisho noma singayicabangi inketho nengqalasizinda ehlala cishe ngokuphelele emafini omphakathi (futhi, noma yini umuntu angasho, iya ngokuya idume), futhi sithathe, isibonelo, endaweni noma emafini angasese, lapho kokuthi “ulwazi lwezinga le-CCNP lodwa” "Ngeke uhambe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, eqinisweni, amanethiwekhi - nakuba kunenkambu engapheli yokufunda, noma ngabe ugxile endaweni eyodwa kuphela (amanethiwekhi abahlinzeki, amabhizinisi, izikhungo zedatha, i-Wi-Fi ...)
Yiqiniso, abaningi benu manje bazokhumbula i-Python nezinye "i-automation yenethiwekhi", kodwa lokhu kuyadingeka kuphela, kodwa akusona isimo esanele. Ukuze unjiniyela wenethiwekhi “ajoyine iqembu ngempumelelo,” kufanele akwazi ukukhuluma ulimi olufanayo nabo bobabili onjiniyela kanye nabalawuli/ama-devs akanye nabo. Kusho ukuthini?
- ukwazi hhayi kuphela ukusebenza ku-Linux njengomsebenzisi, kodwa futhi ukuyiphatha, okungenani ezingeni le-sysadmin-jun: faka isofthiwe edingekayo, qala kabusha isevisi ehlulekile, bhala i-systemd-unit elula.
- Qonda (okungenani ngokwemibandela evamile) ukuthi isitaki senethiwekhi sisebenza kanjani ku-Linux, ukuthi inethiwekhi isebenza kanjani kuma-hypervisors neziqukathi (lxc / docker / kubernetes).
- Kunjalo, ukwazi ukusebenza nge-ansible/chef/puppet noma olunye uhlelo lwe-SCM.
- Umugqa ohlukile kufanele ubhalwe mayelana ne-SDN namanethiwekhi amafu ayimfihlo (isibonelo, i-TungstenFabric noma i-OpenvSwitch). Lesi esinye isendlalelo esikhulu solwazi.
Ngamafuphi, ngichaze uchwepheshe ojwayelekile we-T-shape (njengoba kuyimfashini ukusho manje). Kubonakala sengathi akukho okusha, kodwa ngokusekelwe ekuhlangenwe nakho kwengxoxo, akubona bonke onjiniyela benethiwekhi abangaziqhayisa ngolwazi okungenani lwezihloko ezimbili ezivela ohlwini olungenhla. Eqinisweni, ukuntuleka kolwazi "emikhakheni ehlobene" kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuxhumana nozakwethu kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuqonda izidingo ezibekwa yibhizinisi kunethiwekhi, njengengqalasizinda yezinga eliphansi kakhulu lephrojekthi. Futhi ngaphandle kwalokhu kuqonda, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuvikela umbono wakho futhi "uwuthengise" ebhizinisini.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umkhuba ofanayo "wokuqonda ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kanjani" unikeza abasebenzisi benethiwekhi inzuzo enhle kakhulu ngaphezu "kochwepheshe abajwayelekile" abahlukahlukene abazi ngobuchwepheshe obuvela ezihlokweni eziku-Habré/medium kanye nezingxoxo kuTelegram, kodwa abanalo nhlobo ulwazi lokuthi benzeni. Izimiso ingabe lokhu noma leyo software isebenza kuyo? Futhi ulwazi lwamaphethini athile, njengoba kwaziwa, luthatha indawo yolwazi lwamaqiniso amaningi ngempumelelo.
Iziphetho, noma i-TL;DR
- Umlawuli wenethiwekhi (ofana nonjiniyela we-DBA noma we-VoIP) unguchwepheshe onephrofayela encane (ngokungafani nabaphathi besistimu/ama-devs/SRE), isidingo saso esingaveli ngokushesha (futhi singase singaveli isikhathi eside, empeleni) . Kodwa uma ivela, akwenzeki ukuthi ithathelwe indawo uchwepheshe bangaphandle (abaqondisi benhloso evamile noma abajwayelekile, “abaphinde babheke inethiwekhi”). Okudabukisa kakhulu ukuthi isidingo salabo ngcweti sincane, futhi, ngokwemibandela, enkampanini enabahleli bezinhlelo abangama-800 kanye nama-devops/administrators angama-30, kungase kube namanethiwekhi amabili kuphela abenza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu ngezibopho zabo. Labo. imakethe yayikhona futhi incane kakhulu, futhi ineholo elihle - ngisho nangaphansi.
- Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inethiwekhi enhle ezweni lanamuhla akumele yazi kuphela amanethiwekhi ngokwawo (nokuthi angayenza kanjani ngokuzenzakalelayo ukucushwa kwawo), kodwa futhi nokuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nesoftware esebenza phezu kwalawa manethiwekhi asebenzisana kanjani nawo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi ozakwenu bacelani kuwe kanye nokudlulisela (ngokunengqondo) izifiso/izidingo zakho kubo.
- Alikho ifu, yikhompyutha yomunye umuntu. Udinga ukuqonda ukuthi ukusebenzisa amafu omphakathi/angasese noma izinsiza zomhlinzeki wokusingatha "okwenzela yonke into ngokhiye we-turnkey" akushintshi iqiniso lokuthi uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lusasebenzisa inethiwekhi, futhi izinkinga ngalo zizothinta ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi. isicelo sakho. Okukhethayo ukuthi isikhungo samakhono sizoba khona, esizoba nesibopho senethiwekhi yephrojekthi yakho.
Source: www.habr.com