Sawubona bafundi bakaHabr. Singathanda ukwabelana ngezindaba ezinhle kakhulu. Ekugcineni silinde ukukhiqizwa kwangempela kwe-serial kwesizukulwane esisha samaphrosesa ase-Russian Elbrus 8C. Ngokusemthethweni, ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial bekufanele kuqale ekuqaleni kuka-2016, kodwa, empeleni, kwakuwukukhiqiza ngobuningi okwaqala kuphela ngo-2019 futhi cishe ama-4000 processors asekhishwe.
Cishe ngokushesha ngemva kokuqala kokukhiqiza ngobuningi, lawa maprosesa avele ku-Aerodisk yethu, esingathanda ukubonga ngayo i-NORSI-TRANS, esinikeze ngomusa isiteji sayo se-hardware i-Yakhont UVM, esekela ama-processor we-Elbrus 8C, ngokufaka ingxenye yesofthiwe uhlelo lokugcina. Lena inkundla yesimanje yendawo yonke ehlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo ze-MCST. Okwamanje, isiteji sisetshenziswa abathengi abakhethekile kanye nabaqhubi be-telecom ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqaliswa kwezenzo ezimisiwe ngesikhathi semisebenzi yokusesha yokusebenza.
Okwamanje, ukuthuthwa kuqedwe ngempumelelo, futhi manje uhlelo lokugcina lwe-AERODISK luyatholakala enguqulweni enamaphrosesa asekhaya e-Elbrus.
Kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma ngamaphrosesa ngokwawo, umlando wabo, izakhiwo, futhi, yiqiniso, ukuqaliswa kwethu kwezinhlelo zokugcina ku-Elbrus.
История
Umlando we-Elbrus processors uhlehlela emuva ezikhathini zeSoviet Union. Ngo-1973, e-Institute of Fine Mechanics and Computer Engineering eqanjwe ngemuva S.A. I-Lebedev (eqanjwe ngoSergei Lebedev ofanayo, owahola phambili ekuthuthukisweni kwe-computer yokuqala yaseSoviet i-MESM, futhi kamuva i-BESM), kwaqala ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zekhompiyutha eziningi ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Elbrus. U-Vsevolod Sergeevich Burtsev uqondise ukuthuthukiswa, futhi u-Boris Artashesovich Babayan, owayengomunye wamaphini abaklami abakhulu, naye wabamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni.
Vsevolod Sergeevich Burtsev
Boris Artashesovich Babayan
Ikhasimende eliyinhloko lephrojekthi, yiqiniso, amabutho ahlomile e-USSR, futhi lolu chungechunge lwamakhompiyutha lwagcina lusetshenziswe ngempumelelo ekudaleni izikhungo zekhompiyutha zomyalo kanye nezinhlelo zokudubula zezinhlelo zokuvikela imicibisholo, kanye nezinye izinhlelo ezikhethekile. .
Ikhompyutha yokuqala ye-Elbrus yaqedwa ngo-1978. Ibinokwakheka okumodulayo futhi ingafaka phakathi amaphrosesa asuka ku-1 kuye kwayi-10 ngokusekelwe ezinhlelweni zokuhlanganisa ezimaphakathi. Isivinini salo mshini sifinyelele ukusebenza kwezigidi ezingu-15 ngomzuzwana. Inani le-RAM, elalivamile kubo bonke abacubungula abangu-10, lalifinyelela ku-2 kuya kumandla angu-20 wamagama omshini noma u-64 MB.
Kamuva kwavela ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obuningi obusetshenziswa ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Elbrus bafundiswa emhlabeni ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi i-International Business Machine (IBM) yayibambisene nabo, kodwa ukusebenza kulawa maphrojekthi, ngokungafani nomsebenzi ku-Elbrus, akuzange kwenzeke. zaqedwa futhi azigcinanga ziholela ekwakhiweni komkhiqizo ophelile.
Ngokusho kukaVsevolod Burtsev, onjiniyela baseSoviet bazama ukusebenzisa isipiliyoni esithuthuke kakhulu sabathuthukisi basekhaya nabangaphandle. Ukwakhiwa kwamakhompyutha akwa-Elbrus kuphinde kwathonywa amakhompyutha akwa-Burroughs, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Hewlett-Packard, kanye nolwazi lwabathuthukisi be-BESM-6.
Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, intuthuko eminingi yayiyiyokuqala. Into ethakazelisa kakhulu nge-Elbrus-1 kwakuwukwakhiwa kwayo.
I-supercomputer eyakhiwe yaba yikhompyutha yokuqala e-USSR eyasebenzisa izakhiwo ezinkulu kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwenqwaba yama-superscalar processors phesheya kwaqala kuphela kuma-90s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule ngokuvela emakethe yama-Intel Pentium processors athengekayo.
Ukwengeza, amaphrosesa akhethekile wokukhiphayo angasetshenziswa ukuhlela ukudluliswa kwemifudlana yedatha phakathi kwemishini yocingo kanye ne-RAM kukhompyutha. Kungaba namaprosesa anjalo amane ohlelweni, asebenza ngokufana nephrosesa emaphakathi futhi anenkumbulo yawo ezinikele.
Elbrus-2
Ngo-1985, i-Elbrus yathola ukuqhubeka kwayo okunengqondo, ikhompyutha ye-Elbrus-2 yadalwa futhi yathunyelwa ekukhiqizeni okuningi. Mayelana nezakhiwo, ayizange ihluke kakhulu kumanduleli wayo, kodwa yasebenzisa isisekelo esisha se-elementi, okwenza kube lula ukwandisa ukusebenza okuphelele cishe izikhathi ezingu-10 - kusukela ekusebenzeni kwezigidi ezingu-15 ngomzuzwana kuya ezigidini ezingu-125. Inani le-RAM yekhompyutha ikhuphuke yafinyelela ku-16 million 72-bit amagama noma 144 MB. Umkhawulokudonsa omkhulu weziteshi ze-Elbrus-2 I / O wawungu-120 MB / s.
"I-Elbrus-2" yayisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ezikhungweni zocwaningo lwenuzi e-Chelyabinsk-70 nase-Arzamas-16 ku-MCC, ohlelweni lwe-A-135 missile defense, kanye nezinye izikhungo zempi.
Ukudalwa kwe-Elbrus kwaziswa ngokufanele ngabaholi baseSoviet Union. Onjiniyela abaningi baklonyeliswa ngama-oda nezindondo. Umklami Jikelele u-Vsevolod Burtsev kanye nenani lochwepheshe abaningi bathola imiklomelo yombuso. Futhi Boris Babayan waklonyeliswa Order of the Revolution October.
Le miklomelo ingaphezu kokufanelekile, u-Boris Babayan kamuva wathi:
“Ngo-1978, senza umshini wokuqala omkhulu kakhulu, i-Elbrus-1. Manje eNtshonalanga benza ama-superscalar alesi sakhiwo kuphela. Esokuqala esinamandla savela eNtshonalanga ngo-92, owethu ngo-78. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inguqulo ye-superscalar esiyenzile ifana nePentium Pro eyenziwa yi-Intel ngo-95. "
Lawa magama mayelana nokuphakama komlando aqinisekisiwe nase-USA, uKeith Diefendorff, umthuthukisi we-Motorola 88110, omunye wabaprosesa bokuqala baseWestern superscalar, wabhala:
“Ngo-1978, cishe eminyakeni engu-15 ngaphambi kokuba kuvele amaphrosesa okuqala aseNtshonalanga, i-Elbrus-1 yasebenzisa iphrosesa, ngokukhipha imiyalelo emibili emjikelezweni owodwa, ishintsha indlela yokukhishwa kwemiyalo, ukuqamba kabusha amarejista nokwenza ngokuqagela.”
Elbrus-3
Kwakungu-1986, futhi cishe ngokushesha ngemva kokuphothulwa komsebenzi ku-Elbrus yesibili, i-ITMiVT yaqala ukwakha uhlelo olusha lwe-Elbrus-3 lisebenzisa ukwakheka kweprosesa entsha ngokuyisisekelo. U-Boris Babayan ubize le ndlela ngokuthi "i-post-superscalar". Kwakuyilesi sakhiwo, kamuva esabizwa ngokuthi i-VLIW / EPIC, ukuthi esikhathini esizayo (maphakathi nawo-90s) ama-Intel Itanium processors aqala ukusebenzisa (futhi e-USSR lezi zinguquko zaqala ngo-1986 futhi zaphela ngo-1991).
Kule nkimbinkimbi yekhompiyutha, imibono yokulawula okucacile kokufana kokusebenza ngosizo lwe-compiler yaqala ukusetshenziswa.
Ngo-1991, okokuqala futhi, ngeshwa, ikhompyutha ye-Elbrus-3 kuphela yakhululwa, engakwazi ukulungiswa ngokugcwele, futhi ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, akekho owayeyidinga, futhi intuthuko nezinhlelo zahlala ephepheni.
Isendlalelo sezakhiwo ezintsha
Ithimba elalisebenza ku-ITMiVT ekudalweni kwama-supercomputers aseSoviet alizange lihlukane, kodwa laqhubeka nokusebenza njengenkampani ehlukile ngaphansi kwegama elithi MCST (Isikhungo saseMoscow se-SPARK-Technologies). Futhi ekuqaleni kwawo-90, ukubambisana okusebenzayo phakathi kwe-MCST ne-Sun Microsystems kwaqala, lapho ithimba le-MCST libambe iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni i-UltraSPARC microprocessor.
Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho kwavela khona iphrojekthi yezakhiwo ze-E2K, eyayixhaswe yiLanga ekuqaleni. Kamuva, iphrojekthi yazimela ngokuphelele futhi yonke impahla yayo yobuhlakani yahlala nethimba le-MCST.
“Ukube siqhubeka nokusebenza neLanga kule ndawo ngabe konke kungokweLanga. Yize u-90% womsebenzi wenziwa ngaphambi kokuthi kufike uLanga.” (Boris Babayan)
I-E2K Architecture
Uma sixoxa ngezakhiwo zama-Elbrus processors, kaningi sizwa izitatimende ezilandelayo ezivela kozakwethu embonini ye-IT:
"I-Elbrus iyisakhiwo se-RISC"
"I-Elbrus i-EPIC architecture"
"Elbrus is SPARC-architecture"
Eqinisweni, asikho kulezi zitatimende esiyiqiniso ngokuphelele, noma uma kunjalo, siyiqiniso ngokwengxenye.
Isakhiwo se-E2K siwumklamo ohlukile woqobo weprosesa, izimfanelo eziyinhloko ze-E2K ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokukaleka okuhle kakhulu, okufinyelelwa ngokucacisa ukufana okucacile kokusebenza. I-architecture ye-E2K yathuthukiswa yithimba le-MCST futhi isekelwe ekwakhiweni kwe-post-superscalar (i-la EPIC) enomthelela othile ovela ku-architecture ye-SPARC (enesikhathi esedlule se-RISC). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-MCST yayihileleke ngokuqondile ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ezintathu kwezine eziyisisekelo (ama-Superscalar, i-Post-Superscalar kanye ne-SPARC). Izwe lincane ngempela.
Ukuze sigweme ukudideka esikhathini esizayo, sidwebe umdwebo olula okuthi, nakuba wenziwe lula, kodwa ubonisa ngokucacile izimpande zokwakheka kwe-E2K.
Manje okwengeziwe mayelana negama lezakhiwo, maqondana nakho kukhona nokungaqondi kahle.
Emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, ungathola amagama alandelayo alesi sakhiwo: "E2K", "Elbrus", "Elbrus 2000", ELBRUS ("I-ExpLicit Basic Resources Utilization schedule", okungukuthi ukuhlela okucacile kokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza eziyisisekelo). Wonke lawa magama akhuluma ngento efanayo - mayelana nezakhiwo, kodwa emibhalweni esemthethweni yezobuchwepheshe, kanye nasezinkundleni zobuchwepheshe, igama elithi E2K lisetshenziselwa ukuqoka izakhiwo, ngakho-ke esikhathini esizayo, uma sikhuluma ngeprosesa yezakhiwo, sisebenzisa igama elithi "E2K", futhi uma mayelana neprosesa ethile, sisebenzisa igama elithi "Elbrus".
Izici zobuchwepheshe ze-architecture ye-E2K
Ezakhiweni zendabuko ezifana ne-RISC noma i-CISC (x86, PowerPC, SPARC, MIPS, ARM), iphrosesa ithola uchungechunge lweziyalezo ezidizayinelwe ukwenziwa okulandelanayo. Iphrosesa ingakwazi ukubona ukusebenza okuzimele futhi iyisebenzise ngokufana (i-superscalar) futhi ishintshe nokuhleleka kwayo (ngaphandle kokuhleleka). Kodwa-ke, ukuhlaziywa kokuncika okuguquguqukayo nokusekelwa kokwenziwa ngaphandle kwe-oda kunemikhawulo yakho ngokuya ngenani lemiyalo eyethulwe futhi yahlaziywa ngomjikelezo ngamunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhlogo ahambisanayo ngaphakathi kweprosesa adla inani elikhulu lamandla, futhi ukuqaliswa kwawo okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngezinye izikhathi kuholela ekuzinzeni noma ezinkingeni zokuphepha.
Ku-architecture ye-E2K, umsebenzi oyinhloko wokuhlaziya ukuncika nokuthuthukisa ukuhleleka kokusebenza uthathwa umdidiyeli. Iprosesa ithola okuthiwa. imiyalelo ebanzi, ngayinye efaka imiyalelo yawo wonke amadivaysi e-processor executive okumele aqaliswe ngomjikelezo wewashi othile. Iphrosesa ayidingekile ukuthi ihlaziye ukuncika phakathi kwama-operands noma ukushintshanisa ukusebenza phakathi kwemiyalelo ebanzi: umdidiyeli wenza konke lokhu ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyeni kwekhodi yomthombo kanye nokuhlelwa kwensiza yephrosesa. Ngenxa yalokho, i-hardware yeprosesa ingaba lula futhi iyonga kakhulu.
Umhlanganisi uyakwazi ukuncozulula ikhodi yomthombo ngokucophelela kakhulu kune-RISC/CISC hardware yomprosesa futhi athole ukusebenza okuzimele okwengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, i-architecture ye-E2K inamayunithi okubulala ahambisana kakhulu kunezakhiwo zendabuko.
Izici zamanje ze-architecture ye-E2K:
- Iziteshi ezingu-6 zamayunithi e-arithmetic logic (ALU) asebenza ngokuhambisana.
- Bhalisa ifayela lamarejista angama-256 84-bit.
- Usekelo lwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zemijikelezo, okuhlanganisa naleyo enamapayipi. Yandisa ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwensiza yephrosesa.
- I-prepump yedatha ehlelekayo eneziteshi ezihlukene zokufunda. Ikuvumela ukuthi ufihle ukubambezeleka ekufinyeleleni kumemori futhi usebenzise i-ALU ngokugcwele.
- Ukusekelwa kwezibalo zokuqagela kanye nezilandiso zebhithi eyodwa. Ikuvumela ukuthi unciphise inani lezinguquko futhi usebenzise amagatsha amaningana ohlelo ngokuhambisana.
- Umyalo obanzi okwazi ukucacisa ukusebenza okungafika kwangama-23 kumjikelezo wewashi elilodwa ngokugcwaliswa okuphezulu (ukusebenza okungaphezu kwama-33 lapho kupakishwa iziqondiso ze-vector).
Ukulingisa x86
Ngisho nasesiteji sokuklama izakhiwo, abathuthukisi baqonda ukubaluleka kokusekela isofthiwe ebhalelwe ukwakhiwa kwe-Intel x86. Kulokhu, isistimu yaqaliswa ukuhunyushwa okuguquguqukayo (okungukuthi, ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kohlelo, noma “on the fly”) kwamakhodi kanambambili we-x86 kumakhodi wokucubungula wezakhiwo ze-E2K. Lolu hlelo lungasebenza kokubili kumodi yesicelo (ngendlela ye-WINE), futhi ngemodi efana ne-hypervisor (khona-ke kungenzeka ukusebenzisa yonke i-OS yesivakashi ye-architecture ye-x86).
Ngenxa yamaleveli amaningana wokulungiselela, kungenzeka ukuzuza isivinini esikhulu sekhodi ehunyushiwe. Izinga lokulingiswa kwezakhiwo ze-x86 liqinisekiswa ukwethulwa ngempumelelo kwamasistimu wokusebenza angaphezu kwama-20 (okuhlanganisa nezinguqulo ezimbalwa ze-Windows) kanye namakhulu ezinhlelo zokusebenza kumasistimu ekhompyutha e-Elbrus.
Imodi Yokwenza Uhlelo Evikelekile
Omunye wemibono ethakazelisa kakhulu ezuzwe njengefa ekwakhiweni kwe-Elbrus-1 kanye ne-Elbrus-2 yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukukhishwa kohlelo oluvikelekile. Ingqikithi yalo iwukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kuphela ngedatha eqalisiwe, ukuhlola konke ukufinyelela kwimemori ukuthi ingeyebanga lekheli elivumelekile, ukunikeza ukuvikelwa kwamamojula aphakathi (isibonelo, ukuvikela uhlelo lokushaya ucingo ephutheni emtatsheni wezincwadi). Konke lokhu kuhlola kwenziwa ngehadiwe. Ngemodi evikelekile, kukhona umqambi ogcwele kanye nomtapo wolwazi wokusekela wesikhathi sokusebenza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi imingcele ebekiwe iholela ekungenakwenzeka kokuhlela ukubulawa, isibonelo, ikhodi ebhalwe ku-C ++.
Ngisho nangendlela evamile, "engavikelekile" yokusebenza kwe-Elbrus processors, kunezici ezikhulisa ukwethembeka kwesistimu. Ngakho-ke, isitaki solwazi olubophezelayo (uchungechunge lwamakheli okubuyisa izingcingo zezinqubo) luhlukile kusitaki sedatha yomsebenzisi futhi alufinyeleleki kulokho kuhlasela okusetshenziswa kumagciwane njengokukhohlisa kwekheli.
Idizayinelwe ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ayigcini nje ngokufinyelela futhi idlulele izakhiwo eziqhudelanayo ngokuya ngokusebenza nokukaleka esikhathini esizayo, kodwa futhi ihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kuzimbungulu ezihlupha i-x86/amd64. Amabhukhimakhi afana ne-Meltdown (CVE-2017-5754), i-Specter (CVE-2017-5753, CVE-2017-5715), RIDL (CVE-2018-12126, CVE-2018-12130), Fallout (CVE-2018-12127-2019) I-ZombieLoad (CVE-11091-XNUMX) nokunye okunjalo.
Ukuvikelwa kwesimanje ekuvikelekeni okutholakele ku-architecture ye-x86/amd64 kusekelwe kumapeshi kuleveli yesistimu yokusebenza. Yingakho ukwehla kokusebenza ezizukulwaneni zamanje nezangaphambili zabaphrosesa balezi zakhiwo kubonakala kakhulu futhi kusuka ku-30% kuya ku-80%. Thina, njengabasebenzisi abasebenzayo be-x86 processors, siyazi ngalokhu, siyahlupheka futhi siyaqhubeka "sidla i-cactus", kodwa ukuba khona kwesixazululo salezi zinkinga kuhlu lwethu (futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kumakhasimende ethu) inzuzo engangabazeki, ikakhulukazi uma ikhambi liyisiRashiya.
Технические характеристики
Ngezansi izici zobuchwepheshe ezisemthethweni ze-Elbrus processors zangaphambilini (4C), zamanje (8C), izizukulwane ezintsha (8CB) nezizayo (16C) uma kuqhathaniswa namaphrosesa we-Intel x86 afanayo.
Ngisho nokubuka ngeso lengqondo leli thebula kubonisa (futhi lokhu kuyajabulisa kakhulu) ukuthi ukusilela emuva kwezobuchwepheshe kwamaphrosesa asekhaya, okwakubonakala kungenakunqotshwa eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, kakade kubonakala kuncane kakhulu, futhi ngo-2021 kwethulwa i-Elbrus-16C (okuyinto, phakathi kwayo). ezinye izinto, izosekela i-virtualization) izokwehliswa ibe amabanga amancane.
I-SHD AERODISK kumaphrosesa we-Elbrus 8C
Sidlula ku-theory ukuya ekusebenzeni. Njengengxenye yomfelandawonye wamasu we-MCST, Aerodisk, Basalt SPO (owayekade eyi-Alt Linux) kanye ne-NORSI-TRANS, kwasungulwa uhlelo lokugcinwa kwedatha futhi lwaqala ukusebenza, okwamanje uma kungelona olungcono kakhulu ngokwezokuphepha, ukusebenza, izindleko nokusebenza, ngokubona kwethu, isisombululo esifanelekile esingaqinisekisa izinga elifanele lokuzimela kwezobuchwepheshe kwezwe lethu Lomama.
Manje imininingwane...
Hardware
Ingxenye ye-hardware yesistimu yokugcina isetshenziswa ngesisekelo seplatifomu yendawo yonke i-Yakhont UVM yenkampani ye-NORSI-TRANS. Ipulatifomu ye-Yakhont UVM ithole isimo semishini yezokuxhumana yendabuko yaseRussia futhi ifakiwe kurejista ehlanganisiwe yemikhiqizo ye-radio-electronic yaseRussia. Uhlelo luqukethe izilawuli ezimbili ezihlukene zesitoreji (i-2U ngayinye), exhunywe uxhumano lwe-1G noma i-10G Ethernet, kanye namashalofu ediski abelwe asebenzisa uxhumano lwe-SAS.
Yiqiniso, lokhu akukuhle njengefomethi ethi "Cluster in a box" (lapho abalawuli namadiski ane-backplane evamile efakwe ku-chassis eyodwa ye-2U) esivame ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa maduze nje izotholakala. Into eyinhloko lapha ukuthi isebenza kahle, kodwa sizocabanga "ngeminsalo" kamuva.
Ngaphansi kwe-hood, isilawuli ngasinye sinebhodi lomama elineprosesa eyodwa elinezikhala ezine ze-RAM (i-DDR3 yephrosesa engu-8C). Futhi ebhodini isilawuli ngasinye kukhona amachweba angu-4 1G Ethernet (amabili awo asetshenziswa isofthiwe ye-AERODISK ENGINE njengesevisi) kanye nezikhala ezintathu ze-PCIe ze-Back-end (SAS) kanye ne-Front-end (Ethernet noma i-FibreChannel) adapters.
Njengamadiski okuqalisa, sisebenzisa amadiski e-SATA SSD aseRussia asuka ku-GS Nanotech, esiwahlole ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi sawasebenzisa kumaphrojekthi.
Lapho siqala ukuhlangana nesiteji, sayihlola ngokucophelela. Asizange sibe nemibuzo mayelana nekhwalithi yokuhlanganisa nokunamathisela, konke kwenziwa ngobunono nangokwethembeka.
operating system
Inguqulo ye-OS Alt 8SP yesitifiketi isetshenziswa njenge-OS. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, sihlela ukwakha inqolobane exhunywayo nebuyekezwa njalo ye-Alt OS ngesofthiwe yokugcina i-Aerodisk.
Le nguqulo yokusabalalisa yakhelwe enguqulweni yamanje ezinzile ye-Linux 4.9 kernel ye-E2K (igatsha elinosekelo lwesikhathi eside oluthuthwa ngochwepheshe be-MCST), okulekelelwa ngeziqephu zokusebenza nokuphepha. Wonke amaphakheji ku-Alt OS akhiwe ngokuqondile ku-Elbrus kusetshenziswa isistimu yokwakha yasekuqaleni yephrojekthi yeQembu le-ALT Linux, eyenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukunciphisa izindleko zezisebenzi zokudluliselwa ngokwayo futhi inake kakhulu ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Noma yikuphi ukukhishwa kwe-Alt OS ye-Elbrus kunganwetshwa ngokuphawulekayo mayelana nokusebenza kusetshenziswa inqolobane etholakalayo kuyo (kusuka kumaphakheji omthombo angaba yizinkulungwane eziyisi-6 enguqulo yesishiyagalombili kuye kwayi-12 kweyesishiyagalolunye).
Ukhetho futhi lwenziwa ngoba i-Basalt SPO, umthuthukisi we-Alt OS, isebenza ngenkuthalo nabanye abathuthukisi be-software namadivayisi ezisekelweni ezihlukahlukene, eqinisekisa ukusebenzisana okungenazihibe ngaphakathi kwehadiwe nezinhlelo zesofthiwe.
Amasistimu Wokugcina Isofthiwe
Lapho sithutha, sawushiya ngokushesha umqondo wokusebenzisa ukulingisa kwe-x2 okusekelwa ku-E86K, futhi saqala ukusebenza namaphrosesa ngokuqondile (ngenhlanhla, i-Alt isivele inamathuluzi adingekayo kulokhu).
Phakathi kokunye, imodi yokukhiqiza yomdabu inikeza ukuvikeleka okungcono (izitaki zehadiwe ezintathu ezifanayo esikhundleni seyodwa) kanye nokusebenza okwandisiwe (asikho isidingo sokwaba i-core eyodwa noma amabili kwayisishiyagalombili ukuze umhumushi kanambambili asebenze, futhi umdidiyeli wenza umsebenzi ongcono kune-JIT).
Eqinisweni, ukusetshenziswa kwe-E2K ye-AERODISK ENGINE kusekela iningi lemisebenzi ekhona yesitoreji etholakala ku-x86. Inguqulo yamanje ye-AERODISK ENGINE (A-CORE version 2.30) isetshenziswa njengesofthiwe yesistimu yokugcina
Ngaphandle kwezinkinga ku-E2K, le misebenzi elandelayo yethulwa futhi yahlolwa ukuze isetshenziswe emkhiqizweni:
- Ukubekezelela iphutha kwezilawuli ezifika kwezimbili kanye ne-multipath I/O (mpio)
- Vimba nokufinyelela kwefayela ngamavolumu amancane (i-RDG, amachibi e-DDP; i-FC, iSCSI, i-NFS, izivumelwano ze-SMB ezihlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Active Directory)
- Amazinga ahlukahlukene e-RAID afika kokulingana okuphindwe kathathu (okuhlanganisa nekhono lokusebenzisa umakhi we-RAID)
- Ukugcinwa kwe-Hybrid (ukuhlanganisa i-SSD ne-HDD ngaphakathi kwechibi elifanayo, okungukuthi i-cache kanye ne-tiering)
- Izinketho zokonga isikhala ngokudonswa nokucindezelwa
- Izifinyezo ezingu-ROW, ama-clones nezinketho ezihlukahlukene zokuphindaphinda
- Nezinye izici ezincane kodwa eziwusizo ezifana ne-QoS, i-hotspare yomhlaba wonke, i-VLAN, i-BOND, njll.
Eqinisweni, ku-E2K sikwazile ukuthola konke ukusebenza kwethu, ngaphandle kwezilawuli eziningi (ezingaphezu kwezimbili) kanye nesihleli se-I / O esinemicu eminingi, esisivumela ukuthi sikhulise ukusebenza kwawo wonke amachibi ama-flash ngo-20-30% .
Kodwa thina, vele, sizokwengeza le misebenzi ewusizo, indaba yesikhathi.
Okuncane mayelana nokusebenza
Ngemva kokuphumelela ukuhlolwa kokusebenza okuyisisekelo kwesistimu yokugcina, thina, vele, saqala ukwenza izivivinyo zomthwalo.
Isibonelo, kusistimu yokugcina izilawuli ezimbili (2xCPU E8C 1.3 Ghz, 32 GB RAM + 4 SAS SSD 800GB 3DWD), lapho inqolobane ye-RAM ivaliwe, sidale amachibi amabili e-DDP ngezinga elikhulu le-RAID-10 kanye nama-500G amabili. Ama-LUN futhi axhume lawa ma-LUN nge-iSCSI (10G Ethernet) kumsingathi we-Linux. Futhi wenze okukodwa kokuhlolwa okuyisisekelo kwehora kumabhulokhi amancane okulayisha alandelanayo usebenzisa uhlelo lwe-FIO.
Imiphumela yokuqala ibe mihle impela.
Umthwalo kuma-processor wawusezingeni eliphakathi kwezinga lama-60%, i.e. leli izinga lesisekelo lapho isitoreji singasebenza khona ngokuphepha.
Yebo, lokhu kukude nokulayisha okuphezulu, futhi lokhu ngokusobala akwanele kuma-DBMS asebenza kahle kakhulu, kodwa, njengoba umkhuba wethu ubonisa, lezi zici zanele ku-80% wemisebenzi evamile okusetshenziswa kuyo izinhlelo zokugcina.
Ngemva kwesikhashana, sihlela ukubuya nombiko onemininingwane mayelana nokuhlolwa komthwalo we-Elbrus njengendawo yokugcina impahla.
Ikusasa eliqhakazile
Njengoba sibhale ngenhla, ukukhiqizwa kwenqwaba ye-Elbrus 8C empeleni kuqale muva nje - ekuqaleni kuka-2019 futhi ngoDisemba cishe ama-4000 processors ayesekhishwe. Uma kuqhathaniswa, amaprosesa angu-4 kuphela esizukulwane esedlule i-Elbrus 5000C akhiqizwa sonke isikhathi sokukhiqiza kwawo, ngakho-ke kukhona inqubekelaphambili.
Kuyacaca ukuthi lokhu kuwukwehla olwandle, ngisho nasemakethe yaseRussia, kodwa umgwaqo uzophathwa ngokuhamba.
Ukukhishwa kwamashumi ezinkulungwane zamaphrosesa we-Elbrus 2020C kuhlelelwe u-8, futhi lokhu kakade kuyisibalo esibucayi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-2020, iphrosesa ye-Elbrus-8SV kufanele ilethwe yiqembu le-MCST ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi.
Izinhlelo ezinjalo zokukhiqiza ziyisicelo sesabelo esibaluleke kakhulu sayo yonke imakethe yephrosesa yeseva yasekhaya.
Ngenxa yalokho, lapha futhi manje sinephrosesa enhle nesimanje yaseRussia enesu elicacile futhi, ngokubona kwethu, isu lentuthuko elilungile, ngesisekelo lapho kukhona uhlelo lokugcina idatha olwenziwa eRussia oluvikeleke kakhulu futhi oluqinisekisiwe (nase- esizayo, uhlelo lwe-virtualization ku-Elbrus-16C). Uhlelo lwaseRussia lufinyelela kude njengoba kungenzeka manje ngokomzimba ezimweni zanamuhla.
Sivame ukubona ezindabeni ukwehluleka okulandelayo okumangalisayo kwezinkampani ezizibiza ngokuziqhenya ngabakhiqizi baseRussia, kodwa empeleni benza amalebula okunamathisela kabusha ngaphandle kokwengeza noma yiliphi inani lazo emikhiqizweni yomkhiqizi wangaphandle, ngaphandle kwe-markup yabo. Izinkampani ezinjalo, ngeshwa, zenza isithunzi kubo bonke abathuthukisi bangempela baseRussia nabakhiqizi.
Ngalesi sihloko, sifuna ukukhombisa ngokucacile ukuthi ezweni lethu kwakukhona, kukhona futhi kuzoba yizinkampani ezenza ngempela futhi ngempumelelo izinhlelo zesimanje ze-IT eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zithuthuka ngenkuthalo, futhi ukungenisa esikhundleni se-IT akuyona inhlamba, kodwa iqiniso lapho. siyaphila sonke. Awukwazi ukuthanda leli qiniso, ungaligxeka, noma ungasebenza ulenze libe ngcono.
Ukuwa kwe-USSR ngesinye isikhathi kwavimbela ithimba labadali be-Elbrus ekubeni ngumdlali ovelele emhlabeni wamaphrosesa futhi kwaphoqelela iqembu ukuba lifune uxhaso lwemali yentuthuko yabo phesheya. Kwatholakala, umsebenzi wenziwa, kwasindiswa nobuhlakani, engifisa ukubonga kakhulu kulaba bantu!
Yilokho kuphela okwamanje, sicela ubhale imibono yakho, imibuzo kanye, yiqiniso, ukugxeka. Sihlale sijabule.
Futhi, egameni layo yonke inkampani ye-Aerodisk, ngifuna ukuhalalisela wonke umphakathi waseRussia we-IT ngoNyaka Omusha noKhisimusi ozayo, ngifisa u-100% isikhathi sokuphumula - nokuthi izipele ngeke zibe usizo kunoma ubani ngonyaka omusha))).
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo
I-athikili enencazelo evamile yobuchwepheshe, izakhiwo kanye nobuntu:
Umlando omfushane wamakhompyutha ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Elbrus":
Isihloko esijwayelekile mayelana nezakhiwo ze-e2k:
I-athikili imayelana nesizukulwane sesi-4 (Elbrus-8S) kanye nesizukulwane sesi-5 (Elbrus-8SV, 2020):
Imininingwane yesizukulwane sesithupha esilandelayo samaphrosesa (Elbrus-6SV, 16):
Incazelo esemthethweni yezakhiwo ze-Elbrus:
Izinhlelo zabathuthukisi be-Hardware ne-software yesikhulumi "i-Elbrus" ukudala i-supercomputer esebenza kahle kakhulu:
Ubuchwepheshe be-Elbrus baseRussia bamakhompyutha omuntu siqu, amaseva nama-supercomputers:
Isihloko esidala sika-Boris Babayan, kodwa esabalulekile:
Isihloko esidala sikaMikhail Kuzminsky:
Isethulo se-MCST, ulwazi olujwayelekile:
Ulwazi mayelana ne-Alt OS yesikhulumi se-Elbrus:
Source: www.habr.com