Umbhali walesi sihloko ngu-Alexey Malanov, uchwepheshe womnyango wokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokulwa namagciwane eKaspersky Lab.
Ngiwuzwile kaningi umbono wokuthi i-blockchain ipholile kakhulu, iyimpumelelo, iyikusasa. Ngiyashesha ukukudumaza uma uvele wakholelwa kulokhu.
Ukucaciswa: kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizokhuluma ngokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-blockchain obusetshenziswa ku-cryptocurrency ye-Bitcoin. Kukhona ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-blockchain, okunye okubhekana nokushiyeka kwe-blockchain "yakudala", kodwa ngokuvamile yakhelwe phezu kwezimiso ezifanayo.
Mayelana ne-Bitcoin ngokujwayelekile
Ngibheka ubuchwepheshe be-Bitcoin ngokwawo njengenguquko. Ngeshwa, i-Bitcoin isetshenziswa kaningi ngokwezinjongo zobugebengu, futhi njengochwepheshe bezokuphepha kolwazi, angiyithandi nhlobo. Kodwa uma sikhuluma ngobuchwepheshe, khona-ke impumelelo iyabonakala.
Zonke izingxenye ze-protocol ye-Bitcoin kanye nemibono efakwe kuyo, ngokuvamile, zaziwa ngaphambi kuka-2009, kodwa kwakungababhali be-Bitcoin abakwazile ukuhlanganisa konke futhi bakwenze kusebenze ku-2009. Cishe iminyaka engu-9, sengozini eyodwa kuphela ebucayi ekusetshenzisweni: umhlaseli uthole ama-bitcoins ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-92 ku-akhawunti eyodwa; ukulungiswa kwakudinga ukubuyisela emuva wonke umlando wezezimali usuku. Noma kunjalo, ukuba sengozini okukodwa nje esikhathini esinjalo kuwumphumela ofanelekayo, kuvaliwe.
Abadali be-Bitcoin babe nenselele: ukuyenza ngandlela-thile isebenze ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi asikho isikhungo futhi akekho othemba omunye umuntu. Ababhali bawuqedile umsebenzi, imali ye-elekthronikhi iyasebenza. Kodwa izinqumo abazenzile aziphumeleli ngendlela emangalisayo.
Ake ngenze ukubhuka ngokushesha ukuthi inhloso yalokhu okuthunyelwe akukhona ukudelela i-blockchain. Lobu ubuchwepheshe obuwusizo obunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezinhle futhi ezisazozithola. Naphezu kobubi bayo, futhi inezinzuzo eziyingqayizivele. Kodwa-ke, lapho bephishekela ukushukunyiswa kwemizwa kanye nenguquko, abaningi bagxila ezinhlelweni zobuchwepheshe futhi bavame ukukhohlwa ukuhlola ngokucophelela isimo sangempela sezindaba, bashaye indiva ukonakala. Ngakho-ke, ngicabanga ukuthi kuyasiza ukubheka ukungalungi koshintsho.
Isibonelo sencwadi lapho umbhali enethemba elikhulu le-blockchain. Okunye embhalweni kuzoba khona izingcaphuno ezivela kule ncwadi
Inganekwane 1: I-Blockchain iyikhompiyutha enkulu esabalalisiwe
I-Quote #1: "I-Blockchain ingaba insingo ye-Occam, indlela ephumelela kakhulu, eqondile nengokwemvelo yokuxhumanisa wonke umsebenzi womuntu nomshini, ngokuhambisana nesifiso semvelo sokulinganisela."
Uma ungakacwilisi , kodwa usanda kuzwa ukubuyekezwa mayelana nalobu buchwepheshe, ungase ube nomuzwa wokuthi i-blockchain iwuhlobo oluthile lwekhompiyutha esabalalisiwe eyenza, ngokufanele, izibalo ezisabalalisiwe. Njengokuthi, ama-node emhlabeni jikelele aqoqa izingcezu nokunye okunye.
Lo mbono uyiphutha ngempela. Eqinisweni, wonke ama-node asebenzela i-blockchain enza into efanayo. Izigidi zamakhompyutha:
- Bahlola ukuthengiselana okufanayo besebenzisa imithetho efanayo. Benza umsebenzi ofanayo.
- Baqopha into efanayo ku-blockchain (uma benenhlanhla futhi banikezwe ithuba lokuyiqopha).
- Bagcina wonke umlando ngaso sonke isikhathi, okufanayo, owodwa wawo wonke umuntu.
Akukho ukufana, akukho synergy, akukho ukusizana. Ukuphindaphinda kuphela, futhi ngesikhathi esisodwa okuphindwe ngezigidi. Sizokhuluma ngokuthi kungani lokhu kudingekile ngezansi, kodwa njengoba ubona, akukho ukusebenza kahle. Ngokuphambene nalokho.
Inganekwane yesi-2: I-Blockchain ingunaphakade. Konke okulotshwe kuyo kuyohlala phakade
I-Quote #2: "Ngokwanda kwezicelo, izinhlangano, izinkampani nemiphakathi, izinhlobo eziningi ezintsha zokuziphatha okungalindelekile nokuyinkimbinkimbi okusikhumbuza ubuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) kungase kuvele."
Yebo, ngempela, njengoba sitholile, wonke amaklayenti agcwele wenethiwekhi agcina wonke umlando wakho konke ukuthengiselana, futhi ngaphezu kwe-100 gigabytes yedatha kakade iqoqwe. Lona umthamo wediski ogcwele wekhompuyutha ephathekayo eshibhile noma i-smartphone yesimanjemanje. Futhi ukuthengiselana okwengeziwe kwenzeka kunethiwekhi ye-Bitcoin, ivolumu ikhula ngokushesha. Iningi labo libonakale eminyakeni embalwa edlule.
Ukukhula kwevolumu yeBlockchain.
Futhi i-Bitcoin inenhlanhla - imbangi yayo, inethiwekhi ye-Ethereum, isivele iqongelele amagigabhayithi angu-200 ku-blockchain eminyakeni emibili nje ngemva kokwethulwa kwayo kanye nezinyanga eziyisithupha zokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo. Ngakho-ke emaqinisweni amanje, ingunaphakade le-blockchain lilinganiselwe eminyakeni eyishumi - ukukhula komthamo we-hard drive nakanjani akuhambelani nokukhula kwevolumu ye-blockchain.
Kodwa ngaphezu kokuthi kufanele igcinwe, kufanele futhi ilandwe. Noma ubani owazama ukusebenzisa isikhwama semali sendawo esigcwele kunoma iyiphi i-cryptocurrency wamangala lapho ethola ukuthi wayengakwazi ukwenza noma ukwamukela izinkokhelo kuze kube yilapho yonke ivolumu eshiwo isilandiwe futhi yaqinisekiswa. Uzoba nenhlanhla uma le nqubo ithatha izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Ungase ubuze, kungenzeka yini ukuthi ungagcini konke lokhu, njengoba kuyinto efanayo, ku-node ngayinye yenethiwekhi? Kungenzeka, kodwa-ke, okokuqala, ngeke kusaba yi-peer-to-peer blockchain, kodwa ukwakhiwa kwe-client-server yendabuko. Futhi okwesibili, amaklayenti azophoqeleka ukuthi athembe amaseva. Okungukuthi, umqondo "wokungathembi muntu," lapho, phakathi kwezinye izinto, i-blockchain yasungulwa, iyanyamalala kuleli cala.
Isikhathi eside, abasebenzisi be-Bitcoin baye bahlukaniswa ngabashisekeli "abahluphekayo" futhi balanda yonke into, futhi abantu abavamile abasebenzisa izikhwama ze-intanethi, bathemba iseva futhi, ngokuvamile, abanandaba ukuthi isebenza kanjani lapho.
Inganekwane yesi-3: I-Blockchain iyasebenza futhi iyakhula, imali evamile izophela
Ingcaphuno #3: βInhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe be-blockchain + yomuntu siqu umzimba" izovumela yonke imicabango yomuntu ukuthi ifakwe ikhodi futhi yenziwe itholakale ngefomethi ecindezelwe emisiwe. Idatha ingathunjwa ngokuskena i-cerebral cortex, i-EEG, ukuxhumana kobuchopho nekhompiyutha, ama-nanorobots okuqonda, njll. Ukucabanga kungamelwa ngendlela yamaketanga amabhlogo, ukurekhoda kuwo cishe konke okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu futhi, mhlawumbe, ngisho nokwakhe. ukwazi. Uma irekhodiwe ku-blockchain, izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zezinkumbulo zingalawulwa futhi zidluliselwe - isibonelo, ukubuyisela inkumbulo esimweni sezifo ezihambisana ne-amnesia. "
Uma i-node ngayinye yenethiwekhi yenza into efanayo, khona-ke kusobala ukuthi ukuphuma kwayo yonke inethiwekhi kuyalingana nokuphuma kwenodi eyodwa yenethiwekhi. Futhi uyazi ukuthi ilingana nani ngempela? I-Bitcoin ingacubungula ukuthengiselana okuphezulu okungu-7 ngomzuzwana - kuwo wonke umuntu.
Ukwengeza, ku-Bitcoin blockchain, ukuthengiselana kuqoshwa kanye njalo ngemizuzu eyi-10. Futhi ngemva kokubonakala kokungena, ukuze kuphephe, kuyisiko ukulinda eminye imizuzu engu-50, ngoba okufakiwe kuvame ukubuyisela emuva ngokuzenzakalelayo. Manje cabanga ukuthi udinga ukuthenga i-chewing gum ngama-bitcoins. Vele ume esitolo ihora, ucabange ngakho.
Ngaphakathi kohlaka lomhlaba wonke, lokhu sekuvele kuyinhlekisa, lapho cishe wonke umuntu oyinkulungwane emhlabeni usebenzisa i-Bitcoin. Futhi ngesivinini esinjalo sokuthengiselana, ngeke kwenzeke ukukhulisa kakhulu inani labasebenzisi abasebenzayo. Ukuze uqhathanise: I-Visa icubungula izinkulungwane zokuthengiselana ngomzuzwana, futhi uma kunesidingo, ingakhuphula kalula umthamo, ngoba ubuchwepheshe bamabhange bakudala buyanda.
Ngisho noma imali evamile ifa, ngeke kucace ngoba izothathelwa indawo yizixazululo ze-blockchain.
Inganekwane yesi-4: Abavukuzi baqinisekisa ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi
I-Quote #4: "Amabhizinisi azimele efwini, anikwe amandla yi-blockchain futhi anikwe amandla yizinkontileka ezihlakaniphile, angangena ezinkontilekeni ze-elekthronikhi nezinhlangano ezifanele, ezifana nohulumeni, ukuze azibhalise ngaphansi kwanoma iyiphi indawo afisa ukusebenza ngaphansi kwayo."
Cishe uzwile ngabavukuzi, mayelana namapulazi amakhulu ezimayini akhiwe eduze kwezitshalo zikagesi. Benzani? Bachitha ugesi imizuzu eyi-10, "benyakazisa" amabhlogo aze abe "mahle" futhi angafakwa ku-blockchain (mayelana nokuthi ayini amabhulokhi "amahle" nokuthi kungani "awanyakazisa", ). Lokhu okokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukubhala kabusha umlando wakho wezezimali kuthatha isikhathi esilinganayo nokuwubhala (kucatshangwa ukuthi unesamba esifanayo).
Inani likagesi osetshenziswayo lilingana nedolobha elidla izakhamuzi eziyi-100. Kodwa engeza lapha futhi nemishini ebizayo efanelekile kuphela ezimayini. Umgomo wezimayini (lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ubufakazi bomsebenzi) uyafana nomqondo "wokushisa izinsiza zomuntu."
Abanethemba leBlockchain bathanda ukusho ukuthi abavukuzi abenzi nje umsebenzi ongenamsebenzi, kodwa baqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuphepha kwenethiwekhi ye-Bitcoin. Kuyiqiniso, inkinga kuphela ukuthi abavukuzi bavikela i-Bitcoin kwabanye abavukuzi.
Ukube bekukhona abavukuzi abambalwa abaphindwe izikhathi eziyinkulungwane kanye nogesi oshisiwe izikhathi eziyinkulungwane, khona-ke i-Bitcoin ibingeke isebenze kakhulu - ibhulokhi efanayo njalo ngemizuzu eyi-10, inani elifanayo lokuthengiselana, isivinini esifanayo.
Kukhona ubungozi ngezixazululo ze-blockchain "" Ingqikithi yokuhlasela iwukuthi uma othile elawula ngaphezu kwengxenye yawo wonke amandla okumba, angabhala ngasese omunye umlando wezezimali lapho engazange adlulisele khona imali yakhe kunoma ubani. Bese ukhombisa wonke umuntu inguqulo yakho - futhi izoba ngokoqobo. Ngakho, uthola ithuba lokusebenzisa imali yakhe izikhathi eziningana. Izindlela zokukhokha zendabuko azikwazi ukuhlaselwa okunjalo.
Kuvela ukuthi i-Bitcoin isiphenduke isithunjwa semibono yayo. Abavukuzi "abadlulele" abakwazi ukuyeka ukumba izimayini, ngoba khona-ke amathuba okuthi umuntu oyedwa azolawula ngaphezu kwengxenye yamandla asele azokhula kakhulu. Nakuba izimayini zinenzuzo, inethiwekhi izinzile, kodwa uma isimo sishintsha (isibonelo, ngenxa yokuthi ugesi ubiza kakhulu), inethiwekhi ingase ibhekane "nokusetshenziswa kwemali okuphindwe kabili".
Inganekwane yesi-5: I-Blockchain ihlukaniswe futhi ngenxa yalokho ayinakubhujiswa
I-Quote #5: "Ukuze ube yinhlangano egcwele ngokugcwele, isicelo sokusabalalisa kumele siqukathe ukusebenza okuyinkimbinkimbi, njengomthethosisekelo."
Ungase ucabange ukuthi njengoba i-blockchain igcinwa kuwo wonke ama-node kunethiwekhi, izinsizakalo zezobunhloli ngeke zikwazi ukuvala i-Bitcoin uma zifuna, ngoba ayinalo uhlobo oluthile lweseva ephakathi noma into enjalo - akekho eze ukuzoyivala. Kodwa lokhu kuyinkohliso.
Eqinisweni, bonke abavukuzi βabazimeleβ bahlelwa baba amachibi (empeleni amabhokisi). Kumele bahlangane ngoba kungcono ukuba neholo elizinzile, kodwa elincane, kunemali enkulu, kodwa kanye njalo eminyakeni eyi-1000.
Ukusabalalisa amandla e-Bitcoin kuwo wonke amachibi.
Njengoba ubona emdwebeni, kunamachibi amakhulu angaba ngu-20, futhi ama-4 kuphela awo alawula ngaphezu kuka-50% wamandla aphelele. Okufanele ukwenze nje ukungqongqoza eminyango emine futhi uthole ukufinyelela kumakhompiyutha amane okulawula ukukunikeza amandla okusebenzisa i-bitcoin efanayo izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa kunethiwekhi ye-Bitcoin. Futhi lokhu kungenzeka, njengoba uqonda, kuzokwehla inani le-Bitcoin. Futhi lo msebenzi ungenzeka.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwezimayini ngezwe.
Kodwa usongo lungokoqobo nakakhulu. Amachibi amaningi, kanye namandla awo okwenza ikhompuyutha, atholakala ezweni elifanayo, okwenza kube lula ukubamba amandla okulawula i-Bitcoin.
Inganekwane yesi-6: Ukungaziwa nokuvuleka kwe-blockchain kuhle
I-Quote #6: "Enkathini ye-blockchain, uhulumeni wendabuko 1.0 kakhulu uba imodeli ephelelwe yisikhathi, futhi kunamathuba okusuka ezinhlakeni ezizuzwe njengefa ukuya ezinhlotsheni zomuntu siqu zikahulumeni."
I-blockchain ivuliwe, wonke umuntu angabona yonke into. Ngakho-ke i-Bitcoin ayinakho ukungaziwa, ine "pseudonymity". Isibonelo, uma umhlaseli efuna isihlengo esikhwameni, khona-ke wonke umuntu uyaqonda ukuthi isikhwama singesomuntu omubi. Futhi njengoba noma ubani angakwazi ukuqapha ukuthengiselana okuvela kulesi sikhwama, umkhohlisi ngeke akwazi ukusebenzisa ama-bitcoins atholiwe kalula, ngoba ngokushesha nje lapho eveza ubunikazi bakhe endaweni ethile, uzoboshwa ngokushesha. Cishe kukho konke ukuhwebelana, kufanele ukhonjwe ukuze uthole imali evamile.
Ngakho-ke, abahlaseli basebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-mixer". I-mixer ixuba imali engcolile nesamba esikhulu semali ehlanzekile, futhi ngaleyo ndlela "iyawasha". Umhlaseli ukhokha ikhomishana enkulu yalokhu futhi uthatha ingozi enkulu, ngoba umxube akaziwa (futhi angabaleka nemali) noma usevele engaphansi kokulawulwa othile onethonya (futhi angawudlulisela kuziphathimandla).
Kodwa ukushiya izinkinga zezigebengu eceleni, kungani igama-mbumbulu libi kubasebenzisi abathembekile? Nasi isibonelo esilula: Ngidlulisela amanye ama-bitcoins kumama wami. Ngemva kwalokhu uyazi:
- Ingakanani imali enginayo iyonke nganoma yisiphi isikhathi?
- Yimalini futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, yini ngempela engiyisebenzise kuyo ngaso sonke isikhathi? Ngithenge ini, hlobo luni lwe-roulette engaludlala, yimuphi usopolitiki engangiwusekela "ngokungaziwa".
Noma uma ngibuyisela isikweletu kumngane wami nge-lemonade, khona-ke manje useyazi yonke into mayelana nezimali zami. Ucabanga ukuthi umbhedo lo? Ingabe kunzima kuwo wonke umuntu ukuvula umlando wezezimali wekhadi lakhe lesikweletu? Ngaphezu kwalokho, hhayi kuphela okwedlule, kodwa futhi lonke ikusasa.
Uma kubantu ngabanye lokhu kusalungile (kahle, awukwazi, umuntu ufuna ukuba βsobalaβ), khona-ke ezinkampanini kuyabulala: bonke abalingani babo, ukuthenga, ukuthengisa, amaklayenti, umthamo wama-akhawunti kanye nakho konke, yonke into. , konke - kuba esidlangalaleni. Ukuvuleka kwezezimali mhlawumbe kungenye yezinkinga ezinkulu zeBitcoin.
isiphetho
I-Quote No. 7: "Kungenzeka ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-blockchain buzoba ungqimba olungaphezulu lwezomnotho lomhlaba oxhumeke ngokuphilayo wamadivayisi ahlukahlukene ekhompiyutha, okuhlanganisa amadivaysi ekhompyutha agqokekayo nezinzwa ze-inthanethi Yezinto."
Ngibhale izikhalo eziyisithupha ezinkulu mayelana neBitcoin kanye nenguqulo ye-blockchain eyisebenzisayo. Ungase ubuze, kungani ufunde ngalokhu kimi, hhayi ngaphambili komunye umuntu? Ngabe akekho obona izinkinga?
Abanye baphuphuthekisiwe, abanye abaqondi nje , futhi othile ubona futhi aqaphele yonke into, kodwa akusizi ngalutho ukuba abhale ngakho. Zicabangele wena, abaningi balabo abathenga ama-bitcoins baqala ukuwakhangisa nokuwakhuthaza. Kinda uyaphuma. Kungani ubhala ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bunobubi uma ulindele ukuthi izinga likhuphuke?
Yebo, i-Bitcoin inabancintisana nabo abaye bazama ukuxazulula izinkinga ezithile. Futhi ngenkathi eminye yemibono mihle kakhulu, i-blockchain iseyisisekelo. Yebo, kunezinye, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingezona zemali zobuchwepheshe be-blockchain, kodwa izinkinga eziyinhloko ze-blockchain zihlala zikhona.
Manje, uma othile ekutshela ukuthi ukusungulwa kwe-blockchain kuqhathaniswa nokubaluleka kokusungulwa kwe-Intanethi, kuthathe ngenani elifanele lokungabaza.
Source: www.habr.com