Amaphuzu abalulekile noma ukuthi lesi sihloko simayelana nani
Isihloko sendatshana wuhlelo olubonakalayo lwe-PLC I-ShioTiny ngekhaya elihlakaniphile elichazwe lapha: .
Kafushane kakhulu imiqondo efana amafindo, ukuxhumana, izenzakalo, kanye nezici zokulayisha nokwenza uhlelo olubonakalayo ku ESP8266, okuyisisekelo se-PLC I-ShioTiny.
Isingeniso noma imibuzo embalwa yenhlangano
Esihlokweni esandulele mayelana nokuthuthuka kwami, nginikeze umbono omfishane wamakhono omlawuli I-ShioTiny.
Okuxakayo ukuthi, umphakathi ukhombise intshisekelo enkulu futhi wangibuza imibuzo eminingi. Abanye abangani baze bathembisa ngokushesha ukuthenga isilawuli kimi. Cha, angimelene nokuzuza imadlana, kodwa unembeza wami awungivumeli ukuthi ngidayise okuthile okusengaqinile ngokwezinhlelo zesoftware.
Ngakho-ke, ngithumele i-firmware binaries kanye nomdwebo wedivayisi ku-GitHub: .
Manje wonke umuntu angakhanyisa i-ESP-07 futhi adlale nge-firmware ngokwayo. Uma umuntu efuna ngempela ibhodi efana ncamashi nesithombe, khona-ke ngineziningana zazo. Bhala nge-imeyili [i-imeyili ivikelwe]. Kodwa, njengoba u-Ogurtsov ongasoze walibaleka wayevame ukuthi: "Anginacala lalutho!"
Ngakho-ke, ake sifinyelele iphuzu: kuyini "ifindo"(i-node) kanye"umcimbi"? Lwenziwa kanjani uhlelo?
Njengenjwayelo, ake siqale ngokulandelana: ngokulanda uhlelo.
Lulayishwa kanjani uhlelo
Ake siqale ngokuthi kwenzekani uma sicindezela inkinobho Layisha kumhleli ElDraw futhi uhlelo lwethu lwesifunda, oluhlanganisa izikwele ezinhle, lundizela kudivayisi.
Okokuqala, ngokusekelwe kumdwebo esiwudwebile, incazelo yawo ngefomu lombhalo yakhiwe.
Okwesibili, ihlola ukuthi ingabe konke okokufaka kwe-node kuxhunywe kokuphumayo. Akufanele kube khona izindawo zokungena “ezilengayo”. Uma okokufaka okunjalo kutholwa, umjikelezo ngeke ulayishwe ku-ShIoTiny, futhi umhleli uzobonisa isixwayiso esihambisanayo.
Uma konke kuhambe kahle, umhleli uthumela incazelo yombhalo ye-node eyodwa yesifunda ngesikhathi ku-ShIoTiny. Yiqiniso, isifunda esikhona esivela ku-ShIoTiny siqala ukususwa. Incazelo yombhalo ewumphumela igcinwa kumemori ye-FLASH.
Ngendlela, uma ufuna ukususa isifunda kusuka kudivayisi, vele ulayishe isifunda esingenalutho kuyo (engaqukethe into eyodwa ye-node).
Uma lonke uhlelo lwesifunda selulayishwe ku-ShIoTiny PLC, luqala “ukwenza”. Kusho ukuthini?
Qaphela ukuthi izinqubo zokulayisha isekethe kusuka kumemori ye-FLASH lapho amandla evuliwe futhi lapho uthola isekethe evela kumhleli ziyefana.
Okokuqala, izinto ze-node zenziwa ngokusekelwe encazelweni yazo.
Bese kwenziwa ukuxhumana phakathi kwamanodi. Okusho ukuthi, izixhumanisi zokuphumayo kokokufaka nokokufaka kokuphumayo ziyakhiqizwa.
Futhi kuphela ngemva kwakho konke lokhu umjikelezo wokwenza uhlelo oluyinhloko uqala.
Ngabhala isikhathi eside, kodwa yonke inqubo - kusukela "ekulayisheni" isifunda kusuka kumemori ye-FLASH ukuqala umjikelezo oyinhloko - kuthatha ingxenyena yesekhondi yesifunda sama-node angu-60-80.
Isebenza kanjani iluphu eyinhloko? Kulula kakhulu. Aqale alinde ukuvela izenzakalo kwenye indawo, bese icubungula leso sehlakalo. Nokunjalo ngokungapheli. Hhayi-ke, noma baze balayishe isikimu esisha ku-ShIoTiny.
Izikhathi eziningana vele ngishilo izinto ezifana nalezi izenzakalo, amafindo и ukuxhumana. Kodwa kuyini lokhu ngokombono wesofthiwe? Sizokhuluma ngalokhu namuhla.
Ama-Node, ukuxhumana nemicimbi
Bheka nje izibonelo zezinhlelo zesekethe ze I-ShioTinyukuqonda ukuthi umdwebo uqukethe izinhlangano ezimbili kuphela - ama-nodes (noma izakhi) kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwazo.
Knot, kodwa yebo noma isici sesifunda iwumfanekiso obonakalayo wabanye isenzo phezu kwedatha. Lokhu kungaba ukuhlinzwa kwe-arithmetic, ukuhlinzwa okunengqondo, nanoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okufika engqondweni yethu. Into eyinhloko ukuthi i-node inomnyango nokuphuma.
ukungena - lena yindawo lapho i-node ithola khona idatha. Izithombe zokufaka zingamaphuzu ahlala engakwesokunxele se-node.
Phuma - lena yindawo lapho umphumela wokusebenza kwe-node ubuyiselwa khona. Izithombe eziphumayo zingamaphuzu ahlala engakwesokudla se-node.
Amanye ama-node awanakho okokufaka. Amanodi anjalo akhiqiza umphumela ngaphakathi. Isibonelo, i-node engashintshi noma i-sensor node: ayidingi idatha evela kwamanye ama-node ukubika umphumela.
Amanye ama-node, ngokuphambene nalokho, awanakho okuphumayo. Lawa ama-node abonisa, isibonelo, ama-actuator (ama-relay noma into efanayo). Amukela idatha kodwa awakhiqizi umphumela wokubala otholakala kwamanye amanodi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona nendawo yokuphawula ehlukile. Ayenzi lutho, ayinakho okokufaka noma okuphumayo. Inhloso yawo wukuba incazelo emdwebeni.
Kwenzenjani "umcimbi"? Umcimbi ukuvela kwedatha entsha kunoma iyiphi indawo. Isibonelo, imicimbi ihlanganisa: ushintsho esimweni sokufakwayo (i-node Ukufaka), ithola idatha kwenye idivayisi (amanodi I-MQTT и UDP), ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwenkathi ethile yesikhathi (ama-node Isikhathi и Ukulibala) njalo njalo.
Izehlakalo zani? Yebo, ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi iyiphi i-node idatha entsha eye yavela kanye nezimo lapho amanodi adinga ukushintshwa mayelana nokwamukelwa kwedatha entsha. Umcimbi, njengokungathi, "udlula" eduze nochungechunge lwama-node uze udlule kuwo wonke ama-node isimo sawo esidinga ukuhlolwa nokushintshwa.
Wonke ama-node angahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili.
Ake sibize ama-node angakwazi ukukhiqiza imicimbi "ama-node asebenzayo".
Sizobiza ama-node angakwazi ukukhiqiza imicimbi "ama-passive nodes".
Lapho i-node ikhiqiza umcimbi (okungukuthi, idatha entsha ivela ekuphumeni kwayo), khona-ke esimweni esivamile isimo salo lonke uchungechunge lwamanodi axhunywe ekuphumeni kwenodi ye-generator yomcimbi siyashintsha.
Ukuze ukwenze kucace, cabanga ngesibonelo esisemfanekisweni.
Amanodi asebenzayo lapha yi-Input1, Input2 kanye ne-Input3. Amanodi asele awasebenzi. Ake sicabangele ukuthi kwenzekani uma okokufaka okukodwa noma okunye kuvalwa. Ukuze kube lula, imiphumela ifinyezwa kuthebula.
Njengoba ubona, uma kwenzeka umcimbi, iketango lakhiwa ukusuka endaweni yomthombo womcimbi ukuya endaweni yokugcina. Isimo salawo ma-node angaweli eketangeni asishintshi.
Umbuzo ozwakalayo uphakama: kuzokwenzekani uma izenzakalo ezimbili noma ezimbalwa zenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa?
Njengomthandi womsebenzi kaGleb Anfilov, ngilingeka ukuba ngithumele umuntu owayebuza imibuzo encwadini yakhe ethi “Escape from Surprise.” Lena "inkolelo-mbono yokuhlobana kwabancane", echaza kahle ukuthi kusho ukuthini "ngasikhathi sinye" nokuthi ungaphila kanjani nakho.
Kodwa cishe yonke into ilula kakhulu: lapho kwenzeka izehlakalo ezimbili noma ezimbalwa, wonke amaketango avela kumthombo ngamunye womcimbi akhiwa ngokulandelana futhi acutshungulwe ngokushintshana, futhi azikho izimangaliso ezenzekayo.
Umbuzo olandelayo osemthethweni ovela kumfundi onelukuluku lokwazi ukuthi kuzokwenzekani uma ama-node exhunywe indandatho? Noma, njengoba besho phakathi kwalaba bafana bakho abahlakaniphile, ngenisa impendulo. Okungukuthi, xhuma okukhiphayo kwelinye lama-node ekufakweni kwe-node yangaphambilini ukuze isimo sokuphuma kwale node sithinte isimo sokufakwayo kwayo. Umhleli ngeke akuvumele ukuthi uxhume ngokuqondile okukhiphayo kwenodi kokokufaka kwayo. ElDraw. Kodwa ngokungaqondile, njengakumfanekiso ongezansi, lokhu kungenziwa.
Pho kuzokwenzekani kuleli cala? Impendulo izoba "icacile" kakhulu: kuye ngokuthi yimaphi ama-node. Ake sibheke isibonelo emfanekisweni.
Lapho oxhumana nabo okokufaka Kokufaka1 bevuliwe, okokufaka okuphezulu kwenodi A ngu-0. Okukhiphayo kwenodi A nakho kungu-0. Okukhiphayo kwenodi B ngu-1. Futhi, ekugcineni, okokufaka okuphansi kwenodi A ngu-1. Konke kuwukuthi cacile. Futhi kulabo abangacacile, bheka ngezansi ukuze uthole incazelo yokuthi amanodi “FUTHI” kanye “NOHAYI” asebenza kanjani.
Manje sivala abathintwayo kokokufaka kwe-Input1, okungukuthi, sifaka eyodwa kokokufaka okuphezulu kwe-node A. Labo abajwayele i-electronics bayazi ukuthi empeleni sizothola isifunda se-generator yakudala esekelwe ezintweni ezinengqondo. Futhi ngokombono, isifunda esinjalo kufanele sikhiqize ukulandelana okungapheli 1-0-1-0-1-0… ekuphumeni kwezinto A no-B. kanye no-0-1-0-1-0-1-…. Phela, umcimbi kufanele uguqule njalo isimo se-nodes A no-B, egijima embuthanweni 2-3-2-3-...!
Kodwa empeleni lokhu akwenzeki. Isekhethi izowela esimweni esingahleliwe - noma i-relay izohlala ivuliwe noma ivaliwe, noma mhlawumbe i-buzz ivuliwe futhi ivaliwe izikhathi ezimbalwa zilandelana. Konke kuncike esimweni sezulu eningizimu ye-Mars. Futhi yingakho lokhu kwenzeka.
Umcimbi ovela endaweni ethi Input1 ushintsha isimo senodi A, bese kuba inodi B, njalo njalo endingilizini izikhathi ezimbalwa. Uhlelo luthola "ukuvuleka" komcimbi futhi lumise ngenkani le carnival. Ngemva kwalokhu, izinguquko esimweni samanodi A no-B ziyavinjelwa kuze kube yilapho kwenzeka umcimbi omusha. Isikhathi lapho uhlelo lunquma khona ukuthi "yeka ukujikeleza emibuthanweni!" - ngokujwayelekile, kuncike ezintweni eziningi futhi kungabhekwa njengokungahleliwe.
Qaphela lapho uxhuma amafindo endandathweni - imiphumela ngeke ihlale isobala! Yiba nombono omuhle wokuthi wenzani futhi kungani wenza!
Ingabe kusengenzeka ukwakha i-generator kuma-node atholakalayo kithi? Yebo, ungakwazi! Kodwa lokhu kudinga i-node engakhiqiza imicimbi ngokwayo. Futhi kukhona i-node enjalo - lena "umugqa wokulibaziseka". Ake sibone ukuthi i-generator enesikhathi semizuzwana engu-6 isebenza kanjani esithombeni esingezansi.
Isici esiyinhloko se-generator i-node A - umugqa wokulibaziseka. Uma ushintsha isimo sokufakwayo somugqa wokulibaziseka usuka ku-0 uye ku-1, khona-ke u-1 ngeke avele okukhiphayo ngokushesha, kodwa kuphela ngemva kwesikhathi esithile. Esimeni sethu yimizuzwana emi-3. Ngendlela efanayo, uma ushintsha isimo sokufaka somugqa wokulibaziseka usuka ku-1 uye ku-0, bese u-0 ekuphumeni uzovela ngemva kwamasekhondi angu-3 afanayo. Isikhathi sokulibaziseka sibekwe okweshumi kwesekhondi. Okusho ukuthi, inani 30 lisho imizuzwana emi-3.
Isici esikhethekile solayini wokulibaziseka ukuthi udala umcimbi ngemuva kokuphelelwa isikhathi sokulibaziseka.
Ake sicabange ukuthi ekuqaleni ukukhishwa komugqa wokulibaziseka kwakungu-0. Ngemva kokudlula i-node B - inverter - le 0 iphenduka ibe ngu-1 futhi iya ekufakweni komugqa wokulibaziseka. Akukho okwenzekayo ngaso leso sikhathi. Ekuphumeni komugqa wokulibaziseka, izohlala ingu-0, kodwa ukubala kwehle kwesikhathi sokulibaziseka kuzoqala. 3 imizuzwana kudlula. Bese umugqa wokulibaziseka ukhiqiza umcimbi. Ekuphumeni kwayo kubonakala 1. Le yunithi, ngemva kokudlula ku-node B - inverter - iphenduka ibe ngu-0 futhi iya ekufakweni komugqa wokulibaziseka. Kudlula eminye imizuzwana emi-3... futhi inqubo iyaphinda. Okusho ukuthi, njalo ngemizuzwana emi-3 isimo sokuphuma komugqa wokulibaziseka sishintsha sisuka ku-0 siye ku-1 bese sisuka ku-1 siye ku-0. Ukuchofoza kokudluliselwa. Ijeneretha iyasebenza. Isikhathi sokushaya kwenhliziyo yimizuzwana engu-6 (imizuzwana emi-3 kokuphumayo kuziro namasekhondi angu-3 kokuphumayo).
Kodwa, emijikelezweni yangempela, ngokuvamile asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa lesi sibonelo. Kunama-timer node akhethekile asiza ngokuphelele futhi ngaphandle kwangaphandle akhiqize ukulandelana kwama-pulses ngesikhathi esinikeziwe. Ubude besikhathi “sikaziro” kanye “noyedwa” kulawa mapulses bulingana nengxenye yenkathi.
Ukuze usethe izenzo zezikhathi ezithile, sebenzisa amanodi esibali sikhathi.
Ngiyaqaphela ukuthi amasignali anjalo edijithali, lapho ubude besikhathi "zero" kanye "noyedwa" bulingana, bubizwa ngokuthi "meander".
Ngithemba ukuthi ngiwucacise kancane umbuzo mayelana nokuthi izenzakalo zisakazwa kanjani phakathi kwama-node nokuthi yini okungafanele ukwenze?
Isiphetho nezinkomba
Lesi sihloko sivele saba mfushane, kodwa lesi sihloko siyimpendulo yemibuzo eye yaphakama mayelana nama-node nemicimbi.
Njengoba i-firmware ikhula futhi kuvela izibonelo ezintsha, ngizobhala mayelana nendlela yokuhlela I-ShioTiny izihloko ezincane inqobo nje uma zizothakazelisa abantu.
Njengangaphambili, umdwebo, i-firmware, izibonelo, incazelo yezingxenye nakho konke .
Imibuzo, iziphakamiso, ukugxekwa - hamba lapha: [i-imeyili ivikelwe]
Source: www.habr.com