Ubungcweti bomlawuli wesistimu buhlala buhambisana nemibono engajwayelekile. Umphathi wesistimu uwuhlobo lochwepheshe be-IT emhlabeni wonke kunoma iyiphi inkampani elungisa amakhompyutha, efaka i-inthanethi, esebenzelana nemishini yasehhovisi, elungisa izinhlelo, njll. Kwafinyelela eqophelweni lokuthi uSuku lweSysadmin luvele - uLwesihlanu lokugcina lukaJulayi, okungukuthi, namuhla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli holide linesikhumbuzo namuhla - Usuku lokuqala lwe-Sysadmin lwagujwa ngo-2000 e-Chicago "nguchwepheshe we-IT jikelele" waseMelika ogama lakhe lingu-Ted Kekatos. Bekuyipikiniki yangaphandle neqhaza labasebenzi benkampani encane yama-software.
Iholidi lafika eRussia ngo-2006, lapho umhlangano we-All-Russian wabaphathi besistimu kwenzeka eduze kwaseKaluga, lapho umcimbi ofanayo wanezelwa khona eNovosibirsk.
Lo msebenzi uphila futhi uthuthuke, futhi namuhla kuyithuba elihle kakhulu lokubheka ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, isimo samanje kanye namathemba avulwe ngokusebenza njengomlawuli wesistimu emhlabeni "we-IT enkulu".
Umphathi wesistimu: izolo nanamuhla
Namuhla kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi kokuqukethwe okusebenzayo komsebenzi womphathi wesistimu.
Enkampanini encane enabasebenzi abangafika ku-100, umuntu ofanayo angenza imisebenzi yomphathi wesistimu, umphathi, uzophinde aphathe amalayisense esofthiwe futhi abe nesibopho sokunakekela imishini yehhovisi, ukusetha i-Wi-Fi, ukuphendula izicelo zomsebenzisi, kanye nokuba nesibopho sokusebenza amasevaUma inkampani ine-1C, khona-ke lo muntu uzoba nolwazi oluthile ngayo. Lona umsebenzi womphathi wesistimu ebhizinisini elincane kakhulu.
Ngokuqondene nezinkampani ezinkulu - abahlinzeki besevisi, abahlinzeki bamafu, abathuthukisi besofthiwe, njll., kukhona, yiqiniso, izimo ezijulile zokuvela komsebenzi womphathi wesistimu.
Isibonelo, ezinkampanini ezinjalo cishe kuzoba nesikhundla somphathi we-Unix ozinikele, Windows Umphathi nakanjani uzoba nochwepheshe wezokuphepha, kanye nonjiniyela benethiwekhi. Cishe bonke bazoba nomphathi womnyango we-IT noma umphathi we-IT obhekene nokuphathwa kwengqalasizinda kanye namaphrojekthi e-IT ngaphakathi komnyango. Izinkampani ezinkulu zizodinga umqondisi we-IT onolwazi ekuhleleni amasu, futhi i-MBA ngaphezu kwesizinda sabo sobuchwepheshe esikhona ingumqondo omuhle. Akukho sixazululo esisodwa esifanele; konke kuncike enkampanini.
Iningi lozakwethu abasebasha abasanda kuqala umsebenzi wabo wokuba umlawuli wesistimu baqala ngomugqa wokuqala nowesibili wokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe - ukuphendula imibuzo ewubuphukuphuku evela kubasebenzisi, ukuthola ulwazi nokuthola amakhono okubekezelela ukucindezeleka. Baqeqeshelwa abaphathi besistimu abanolwazi oluthe xaxa, abakha ama-algorithms wesenzo ezimweni ezivamile zokuxazulula inkinga, ukumisa, njll. Umuntu ufunda kancane, futhi uma ephumelela futhi ethanda yonke into, kancane kancane ukhula aze afike ezingeni elilandelayo.
Lapha siqhubekela embuzweni wokuthi ukuphathwa kwesistimu kungathathwa njengohlobo lwengosi yomsebenzi obucayi kakhudlwana we-IT, noma ingabe uhlobo oluthile lwezinga elivaliwe lapho ungathuthuka khona ngokuvundlile?
Isibhakabhaka siwumkhawulo
Okokuqala, ngingathanda ukuqaphela ukuthi kumphathi wesistimu ezweni lanamuhla, ecabangela zonke izindawo ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa kwe-IT, kunethuba eliyisisekelo lokuthuthukisa nokukhula ngokomsebenzi kunoma iyiphi indlela ekhethiwe.
Okokuqala, unguchwepheshe emnyangweni wokwesekwa kwe-IT, bese ungumqondisi wesistimu, bese kufanele ukhethe okukhethekile. Ungaba umhleli, umlawuli we-Unix, unjiniyela wenethiwekhi, noma umakhi wesistimu ye-IT noma uchwepheshe wezokuphepha, noma ngisho nomphathi wephrojekthi.
Yiqiniso, yonke into ayilula kangako - okokuqala, udinga ukuthola isipiliyoni, uphumelele izivivinyo ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene zemfundo, uthole izitifiketi, ufakazele njalo ukuthi uyakwazi ukukhombisa imiphumela nokusebenzisa ulwazi olutholiwe nolwazi, futhi ufunde njalo. Uma umlawuli wesistimu ekhetha indlela yokuthuthukiswa ekuqondeni komklami wesistimu, khona-ke lapha ungathembela emholweni ongekho omubi kunalowo wabaphathi be-IT.
Ngendlela, kusuka kumphathi wesistimu ungangena ekuphathweni kwe-IT. Uma uthanda ukuphatha, ukusebenzisana, nokuqondisa, khona-ke indlela ivulekele wena emkhakheni wokuphatha iphrojekthi.
Njengenketho, ungahlala ungumqondisi wesistimu ezingeni elihle kakhulu lochwepheshe, futhi uthuthuke endaweni ekhethekile kakhulu, isibonelo, komunye umhlinzeki wamafu, ugxile emisebenzini ehlobene nengqalasizinda yamafu kanye nokwenza izinto ezibonakalayo.
Ngenhlanhla kubaphathi bezinhlelo, namuhla alikho ithuba elingeke livulekele ozakwabo - wonke umuntu uyazikhethela ukuthi uzokhula futhi athuthuke kuphi.
Ingabe imfundo yeqile?
Izindaba ezinhle: singasho ukuthi umkhawulo wokungena kwi-IT ngokusebenzisa isikhundla somphathi wesistimu awudingi imfundo ekhethekile, ithi, imfundo yezibalo.
Phakathi kwabantu engibaziyo kwakukhona abantu abaningi abakwaziyo ukwakha umsebenzi ophumelelayo, baqala ngokusekelwa kwe-IT futhi baqhubeke nomzila ochazwe. Ukuphathwa kwesistimu kuba “inyuvesi ye-IT” enhle kakhulu lapha.
Yiqiniso, imfundo yezobuchwepheshe ngeke ibe yinto engadingekile futhi, ngokuphambene nalokho, izoba usizo kakhulu, kodwa naphezu kwalokhu uzodinga ukuthatha izifundo ezithile ezikhethekile zakho futhi uthole isipiliyoni ngamacala angempela.
Ngokuvamile, uma umuntu efuna ukuba umlawuli wesistimu, namuhla akuwona umsebenzi ovaliwe, njengokuthi, umshayeli we-fighter. Ungaqala ukuya ngasemaphusheni akho ngokoqobo esofeni ekhaya ngokutadisha izincwadi noma izifundo kusuka kusikrini se-smartphone yakho. Ulwazi oluningi nganoma yisiphi isihloko lutholakala ngendlela yezifundo zamahhala nezikhokhelwayo nama-athikili.
Kukhona ithuba lokulungiselela umsebenzi wakho wokuqala we-IT ekhaya bese uthola umsebenzi ekusekelweni kwe-IT ngokuthula kwengqondo okuphelele.
Yiqiniso, labo abafunde amakhono ahlobene eyunivesithi banenzuzo yokuqala, kodwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, umuntu onemfundo enhle yezibalo cishe ngeke ahlele ukusekela noma ukuba umqondisi wesistimu; cishe uzokhetha ukukhetha. indlela ehlukile - isibonelo, i-Big Data. Futhi lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ukuncintisana ngqo ezingeni lokuqala lokungena embonini.
Amakhono: “Amakhono” aphezulu we-sysadmin angu-5 - 2020
Vele, isethi ethile yamakhono isadingeka ukuze usebenze ngempumelelo njengomphathi wesistimu ngo-2020. Nangu yena.
Okokuqala nje, kuyisifiso sokusebenza nokukhula kulo msebenzi, umdlandla, ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuzimisela ukufunda njalo. Lokhu kuyinto eyinhloko.
Uma umuntu ezwa endaweni ethile ukuthi umlawuli wesistimu upholile, kodwa ngemva kokuzama, waqaphela ukuthi akawuthandi lo msebenzi, kungcono ukungachithi isikhathi futhi ushintshe okukhethekile kwakhe. Umsebenzi udinga isimo sengqondo "esingathi sína nesikhathi eside". Kukhona okushintsha njalo ku-IT. Lapha awukwazi ukufunda okuthile kanye uhlale phezu kwalolu lwazi iminyaka engu-10 ungenzi lutho, ungafundi okusha. “Funda, funda futhi ufunde futhi.” /IN. I. Lenin/
Isici sesibili esibalulekile sesethi yamakhono yinkumbulo enhle namakhono okuhlaziya. Udinga njalo ukugcina ulwazi oluningi ekhanda lakho, wengeze imiqulu emisha nezindawo zezihloko kukho, ukwazi ukukuqonda ngobuciko futhi uguqule kube isamba sezenzo eziwusizo ezisebenzayo. Futhi ukwazi ukudoba nokusebenzisa ulwazi nolwazi ngesikhathi esifanele.
Ingxenye yesithathu isethi encane yolwazi lobuchwepheshe. Kwabaphothule emanyuvesi obuchwepheshe akhethekile, okulandelayo kuzokwanela: ulwazi lwezisekelo zesizindalwazi, izimiso zokuklama uhlelo lokusebenza (hhayi ezingeni elijulile, hhayi ezingeni lomakhi), ukuqonda ukuthi isofthiwe isebenzisana kanjani nehadiwe, ukuqonda izimiso zenethiwekhi, kanye namakhono ayisisekelo okuhlela. TCP/IP, i-Unix, Windows Izinhlelo. Uma wazi ukuthi ungayifaka kanjani kabusha iWindows futhi wakhe ikhompyutha yakho, cishe usukulungele ukuba umphathi wesistimu.
Esinye sezibonakaliso zezikhathi namuhla ukuzenzekelayo; wonke umlawuli wesistimu ufika esiphethweni sokuthi kulula ukubhala ezinye izinqubo ezingeni leskripthi, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe umsebenzi wabo wezandla okhathazayo.
Iphuzu lesine ulwazi lwesiNgisi, leli yikhono elidingekayo ngokuphelele. Kungcono ukugcwalisa ulwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu kusuka emithonjeni eyinhloko; ulimi lwe-IT namuhla isiNgisi.
Okokugcina, isici sesihlanu sesethi yamakhono omphathi wesistimu ka-2020 ukusebenza okuningi. Konke manje sekuxhumene, isibonelo, futhi Windows futhi i-Unix ivame ukuhlanganiswa engqalasizinda efanayo yamabhulokhi emisebenzi ehlukene.
I-Unix manje isetshenziswa cishe yonke indawo, kokubili ezingqalasizinda ze-IT zezinkampani kanye nasemafwini; i-1C kanye ne-MS SQL sezivele zisebenza ku-Unix, kanye nasefwini iseva I-Microsoft kanye ne-Amazon cloud.
Ngokuya ngemininingwane yomsebenzi enkampanini ethile, umphathi wesistimu angase adingeke ukuthi akwazi ukuqonda ngokushesha izinto ezingalindelekile futhi ahlanganise ngokushesha olunye uhlelo lokusebenza lwamafu esenziwe ngomumo noma i-API yayo ezinqubweni zenkampani.
Ngamafuphi, udinga ukuhambisana ne-stereotype ethi #tyzhaitishnik futhi ukwazi ukusebenzela imiphumela kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi.
I-DevOps cishe ayibonakali
Esinye sezimo nezitayela ezisobala kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni komsebenzi womphathi wesistimu namuhla yi-DevOps; Lokho kuyinkolelo-mbono, okungenani.
Eqinisweni, yonke into ayilula kangako: uchwepheshe we-DevOps ku-IT yesimanje ungaphezulu komsizi womklami ohlala ethuthukisa futhi "elungisa" ingqalasizinda, uyaqonda ukuthi kungani ikhodi isebenze enguqulweni eyodwa yomtapo wezincwadi, kodwa ayizange isebenze kwenye. I-DevOps iphinde yenze ngokuzenzakalela ama-algorithms ahlukahlukene wokuphakela nokuhlola umkhiqizo ngokwawo noma amaseva wamafu, futhi isiza ukukhetha nokumisa ukwakheka kwezingxenye ze-IT. Futhi-ke angakwazi "uhlelo" okuthile futhi afunde ikhodi yomunye umuntu, kodwa lokhu akuwona umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko.
I-DevOps empeleni ingumlawuli wesistimu okhethekile. Yilokho ababembiza ngakho, kodwa akuzange kuwushintshe umsebenzi wakhe kanye nemisebenzi yakhe. Nalapha futhi, manje lo mkhakha usemfashinini, kodwa labo ababengenaso isikhathi sokuwungenela banethuba lokuwenza eminyakeni emi-5 ezayo.
Namuhla, ukuthambekela okukhulayo emkhakheni wokwakha umsebenzi we-IT kusuka ezingeni lomphathi wesistimu amarobhothi kanye ne-automation (RPA), i-AI ne-Big Data, i-DevOps, i-Cloud admin.
Ubungcweti bomlawuli wesistimu buhlala busempambana mkhakha wezifundo ezahlukene; kuwuhlobo lomakhi wamakhono namakhono okuzihlanganisa. Ngeke kube yinto engafaneleki ukuthola ikhono - ukumelana nengcindezi kanye nolwazi oluncane lwe-psychology. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi awusebenzi nge-IT kuphela, kodwa futhi nabantu abahluke kakhulu. Kuzodingeka futhi uchaze izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ukuthi kungani isixazululo sakho se-IT singcono kunezinye nokuthi kungani kufanelekile ukusisebenzisa.
Ngizonezela ukuthi umsebenzi uzohlala ufunwa unomphela. Ngoba zonke izithembiso zabathengisi abakhulu be-IT abamemezela ukukhululwa "kwezinkundla ezizimele ngokugcwele kanye nezinhlelo ezingeke ziphule, zizozigcina futhi zizilungise" azikaqinisekiswa ngokusebenza. I-Oracle, iMicrosoft nezinye izinkampani ezinkulu zikhuluma ngalokhu njalo. Kodwa akwenzeki lutho olufana nalokhu, ngoba amasistimu olwazi ahlala ehluke kakhulu futhi ehlukahlukene ngokuya ngamapulatifomu, izilimi, izivumelwano, njll. Abukho ubuhlakani bokwenziwa okwamanje obukwazi ukulungisa ukusebenza kahle kwezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-IT ngaphandle kwamaphutha nangaphandle kokungenelela komuntu.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi abaphathi bezinhlelo bazodingeka isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi ngezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu emsebenzini wabo womsebenzi.
Umphathi we-IT we-Linxdatacenter u-Ilya Ilyichev
Source: www.habr.com
